NearLink

On September 22, 2020, the SparkLight Alliance was established to formulate the NearLink short-range wireless technology standard.{{Cite web |title=星闪联盟 |url=http://www.sparklink.org.cn/ |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=www.sparklink.org.cn}}

By the end of 2021, the NearLink 1.0 standards were finalized, establishing a core end-to-end architecture that includes the NearLink access layer, basic service layer, and basic application layer.{{Cite web|title=刚刚，"星闪"正式发布商业化路标，开辟无线短距通信新赛道 - 智东西|url=https://zhidx.com/p/352772.html|access-date=2023-09-12|website=zhidx.com}}

On November 4, 2022, the SparkLink Alliance officially released the SparkLink Short-range Wireless Communications Standard 1.0, which covers two modes of access: SLB (SparkLink Basic) and SLE (SparkLink Low Energy). They also unveiled "The White Paper for Promotion of SparkLink Short-Range Wireless Communication (SparkLink 1.0) for Industrial Use."{{Cite web|title=星闪联盟发布新短距通信技术1.0标准- DoNews|url=https://www.donews.com/news/detail/1/3253449.html|access-date=2023-09-13|website=www.donews.com}}{{Cite web|title=新一代无线短距通信技术，星闪 1.0 系列标准正式发布_产业_接入_测试|url=https://m.sohu.com/a/602943425_114760/m.sohu.com/a/602943425_114760|access-date=2023-09-12|website=m.sohu.com|language=en}}

On August 4, 2023, Huawei officially unveiled the NearLink short-range wireless communication technology at the Developer Conference, providing a new wireless communication method for HarmonyOS.{{Cite web|date=2023-09-11|title=華為新機相繼展開預購 「星閃」技術引市場熱議|url=https://hk.finance.yahoo.com/news/%E8%8F%AF%E7%82%BA%E6%96%B0%E6%A9%9F%E7%9B%B8%E7%B9%BC%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B%E9%A0%90%E8%B3%BC-%E6%98%9F%E9%96%83-%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%BC%95%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E7%86%B1%E8%AD%B0-081713882.html|access-date=2023-09-12|website=Yahoo Finance|language=zh-hant-HK}}{{cite web|author1=Castro|title=Huawei Nearlink launched, new wireless technology far ahead of Bluetooth - HUAWEI Community|url=https://consumer.huawei.com/za/community/details/Huawei-Nearlink-launched-new-wireless-technology-far-ahead-of-Bluetooth/topicId_276306/|accessdate=2023-08-05|website=huawei consumer}}

On August 29, 2023, Huawei released the Huawei Mate 60 series smartphones, which are equipped with NearLink technology.

On September 25, 2023, at Huawei's Autumn Full-Scenario New Products Launch event, a new range of products supporting NearLink technology were unveiled. These products include the Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2-inch tablet, the third-generation M-Pencil stylus, and the FreeBuds Pro 3 earbuds.{{Cite web|date=2023-09-25|title=华为新品发布会万众瞩目 逾百家媒体下午现场直播 {{!}} 国际|url=https://www.orientaldaily.com.my/news/international/2023/09/25/599141|access-date=2023-09-25|website=東方網 馬來西亞東方日報|language=zh-hans}}{{Cite web|last=每日经济新闻|date=2023-09-25|title=全球首款！华为发布新品，采用星闪技术！余承东：正加班加点紧急生产Mate 60系列_手机网易网|url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/IFG7O0SA0512B07B.html|access-date=2023-09-25|website=www.163.com|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=【视频回顾】华为秋季全场景新品发布会_证券要闻_财经_中金在线|url=http://news.cnfol.com/zhengquanyaowen/20230925/30406302.shtml|access-date=2023-09-25|website=news.cnfol.com}}

On March 30, 2024, the Intelligent Car Connectivity Industry Ecosystem Alliance ("ICCE Alliance") and the NearLink Alliance jointly released the ICCE Alliance Digital Key System Part 6: NearLink System Requirements during the 2024 International NearLink Alliance Industry Summit". The Requirements were formulated by various parties including Huawei, BYD, Changan, GAC, FAW, etc.{{Cite web |title=国内星闪数字车钥匙标准发布，华为、比亚迪、长安、广汽、一汽等参与起草 - IT之家 |url=https://www.ithome.com/0/759/472.htm |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=www.ithome.com}}

On November 12, 2024, Huawei released a beta version of HarmonyOS 5.0.1 targeted for developers that has full support of native NearLink Kit API integration of the operating system for third party applications support.{{cite web |author=Emmanuel |title=HarmonyOS 5.0.1 has full support for NearLink Kit integration with apps |url=https://harmonyoshub.com/harmonyos-5-0-1-has-full-support-for-nearlink-kit-integration-with-apps/ |website=HarmonyOSHub |access-date=15 November 2024}}

The system structure of NearLink technology mainly consists of three layers: the physical layer, the data link layer, and the network layer.{{Cite web|title=华为"星闪"到底是什么？可以秒杀蓝牙！-电子工程专辑|url=https://www.eet-china.com/mp/a243913.html|access-date=2023-09-12|website=www.eet-china.com}}{{Cite web|title=标准 - 星闪联盟|url=http://sparklink.org.cn/standard/view.php?id=4|access-date=2023-09-12|website=sparklink.org.cn}}

1. Physical Layer: the core layer of NearLink technology, primarily responsible for the transmission and reception of high-frequency signals. The physical layer uses GFSK modulation and PSK modulation of different orders. In addition the physical layer has forward error correction (FEC) based on Polar codes.
2. Data Link Layer: primarily responsible for packaging and unpacking data, as well as data validation and error correction.
3. Network Layer: mainly responsible for data routing and forwarding, ensuring that data is correctly transmitted to its intended destination.

NearLink incorporates two access modes, namely SparkLink Low Energy ("SLE"){{refn|group=Note|"SparkLink Low Energy" also referred to as "Smart Link Enhanced" (SLE).}} and SparkLink Basic ("SLB").{{refn|group=Note|"SparkLink Basic" also referred to as "Multi Link Enhanced" (MLE).}}{{Cite web |date=2023-08-06 |title=全面升级近距离无线体验！华为推出星闪NearLink技术PK蓝牙：功耗降低60%、传输速率提升6倍！ – 芯智讯 |url=https://www.icsmart.cn/64904/ |access-date=2023-09-28 |language=zh-CN}}{{Cite web |title="星闪"无线连接技术优势、场景及发展思考_通信世界网 |url=http://www.cww.net.cn/article?id=581804 |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=www.cww.net.cn |language=zh}}

• The SLE mode is mainly aimed at low-power, low-latency, and high-reliability application scenarios, such as wireless headsets, mice, car keys, etc. It reportedly offers a data transmission rate of up to 12 Mbit/s, or six times that of Bluetooth, and supports bidirectional latency of 250 microseconds, simultaneous access by 256 users, and a power consumption of less than 2mA.
• The SLB mode focuses on high-speed, high-capacity, and high-precision application scenarios, such as video transmission, large file sharing, and precise positioning. It reportedly provides a data transmission rate of up to 1.2 Gbit/s, or twice that of Wi-Fi, and supports latency of 20 milliseconds and simultaneous access by 4096 users.

• Bluetooth
• Wi-Fi
• Ultra-wideband
• LoRa
• NB-IoT
• ZigBee
• HarmonyOS
• Huawei Mate 60 Series

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• {{official website|http://www.sparklink.org.cn/}}

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Category:Radiocommunication services ITU