Neiva Universal
{{short description|Military training aircraft}}
{{One source|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox aircraft
|name=Universal
|image = File:Neiva T-25... Universal (621), Brazil - Air Force AN1132356.jpg
|caption= A T-25 Universal taxiing at São Sebastião do Paraíso
|type=Basic trainer and ground attack aircraft
| national_origin = Brazil
|manufacturer= Neiva
|designer=
|first_flight=29 April 1966
|introduction=
|retired=
|produced=
|number_built=189
|status=
|unit cost=
|primary_user=Brazilian Air Force
|more_users=Chilean Air Force
|developed_from=
}}
The Neiva N621 Universal is a Brazilian propeller-driven basic trainer and ground attack aircraft manufactured by Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva. It is a cantilever, low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction, with retractable undercarriage and side-by-side seating.
Design and development
The Universal was designed in 1963 by Joseph Kovács{{#tag:ref|Kovács later led the team that designed the Embraer EMB-312 Tucano.{{harvnb|Taylor|1980|p=16}}|group=lower-alpha}} as a new primary trainer for the Brazilian Air Force, as a replacement for the T-6 Texan and Fokker S-11/S-12 types then in use. The prototype (Registration PP-ZTW) first flew on 29 April 1966. The Brazilian Air Force ordered 150 aircraft as the T-25 Universal, and increased this order in 1978 by an additional 28 aircraft. {{Cite web |title=Neiva T-25 (Universal) |url=https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.php?aircraft_id=2234 |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=www.militaryfactory.com}}{{rs|date=November 2023}} A further developed version (designated the YT-25B Universal II) first flew on 22 October 1978,{{harvnb|Taylor|1980|p=19}} but was not put into production.{{harvnb|Taylor|1981|p=17}}
File:1850 (neiva universal).jpg
The Universal was also adopted as a counter-insurgency aircraft. It was later replaced by the Tucano in both the advanced training and attack roles, but it is still used as a primary and basic trainer at the Academia da Força Aérea Brasileira (Brazilian Air Force Academy).
Ten aircraft were ordered by the Chilean Army. These aircraft were later transferred to the Chilean Air Force. In 1983 five FACh T-25s were donated to the Paraguayan Air Force.
In 2005, the Brazilian Air Force donated six T-25s to the Fuerza Aérea Paraguaya and another six to the Fuerza Aérea Boliviana.
Operators
Specifications (Universal)
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1976–77{{Harvnb|Taylor|1976|p=16}}
|prime units?=met
|genhide=
|crew=2–3
|capacity=
|length m=8.60
|length ft=
|length in=
|span m=11.00
|span ft=
|span in=
|swept m=
|swept ft=
|swept in=
|height m=3.00
|height ft=
|height in=
|wing area sqm=17.20
|wing area sqft=
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=7.1:1
|airfoil=NACA 632A315 at root, NACA 631212 at tip
|empty weight kg=1150
|empty weight lb=
|empty weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=1700
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|fuel capacity={{convert|332|L|USgal impgal|abbr=on}}
|more general=
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Lycoming IO-540-K1D5
|eng1 type=six-cylinder horizontally-opposed air-cooled piston engine
|eng1 kw=
|eng1 hp=300
|prop blade number=2
|prop name=Hartzell HC-C2YK-4/C8475-A2 non-feathering constant speed propeller
|prop dia m=2.13
|prop dia ft=
|prop dia in=
|prop note=
|perfhide=
|max speed kmh=300
|max speed mph=
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at sea level
|cruise speed kmh=285
|cruise speed note= at sea level (max. cruise, 75% power)
|never exceed speed kmh=500
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|stall speed kmh=104
|stall speed note=(flaps down)
|range km=1500
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|endurance=
|ceiling m=6100
|ceiling ft=
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=1312
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|more performance=*Takeoff run to 15 m (50 ft): {{convert|510|m|ft|abbr=on}}
- Landing run from 15 m (50 ft): {{convert|600|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|guns= 7.62 mm machine gun pods on hardpoints
|bombs=
|rockets=
|missiles=
|hardpoints=2
|hardpoint capacity=
|hardpoint rockets=
|hardpoint missiles=
|hardpoint bombs=
|hardpoint other=
|avionics=
}}
Notes
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
References
{{Reflist}}
- {{cite book |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first=John W. R. |editor-link=John W. R. Taylor |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1976–77 |year=1976 |location=London |publisher=Jane's Yearbooks |isbn=0-354-00538-3 }}
- {{cite book |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first=John W. R. |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1980–81 |year=1980 |location=London |publisher=Jane's |isbn=0-7106-0705-9 }}
- {{cite book |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first=John W. R. |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1981–82 |year=1981 |location=London |publisher=Jane's |isbn=0-7106-0729-6 }}
External links
{{commons category|Neiva Universal}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080719090243/http://www.fab.mil.br/portal/aeronaves/index.htm Brazilian Air Force's website with the description of the type (in Portuguese)]
{{Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva}}
{{FAB aircraft designations}}
Category:1960s Brazilian military trainer aircraft
Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft
Category:Aircraft first flown in 1966