Neotropical bellbird
{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Neotropical bellbird
| image = Flickr - Rainbirder - Bearded Bellbird (Procnias averano) male calling.jpg
| image_caption = Bearded bellbird (Procnias averano)
| taxon = Procnias
| authority = Illiger, 1811
| type_species = Ampelis variegata{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=105 |title= Cotingidae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-24}}
| type_species_authority = Gmelin, 1789
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
}}
Neotropical bellbird (or simply bellbird) is the common name given to passerine birds of the genus Procnias, found in the Neotropics. They are members of the cotinga family. They are all restricted to tropical or subtropical humid forested regions, often in low mountains or foothills. As indicated by their common name, they all have extremely loud calls that are reminiscent of a metal bell being rung.
Three of the four species are restricted to South America, while the last, the three-wattled bellbird, is restricted to southern Central America.{{ cite book | last=Snow | first=David W. | author-link=David Snow (ornithologist) | year=2004 | chapter=Family Cotingidae (Cotingas) | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Christie | editor3-first=D.A. | title=Handbook of the Birds of the World | volume=9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails | location=Barcelona, Spain | publisher=Lynx Edicions | isbn=978-84-87334-69-6 | pages=32–108 [104–105] | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0009unse/page/32/mode/1up | chapter-url-access=registration }}
They are strongly sexually dimorphic. Males have an at least partially white plumage, and facial wattles or bare facial skin. Females lack the wattles/bare facial skin, and are overall olive with yellowish streaks below.
Taxonomy
The genus Procnias was introduced in 1811 by the German zoologist Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger.{{ cite book | last=Illiger | first=Johann Karl Wilhelm | author-link=Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger | year=1811 | title=Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium | language=Latin | location=Berolini [Berlin] | publisher=Sumptibus C. Salfeld | page=228 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29301198 }} The name comes from Greek mythology, Procne was an Athenian princess who was metamorphosed into a swallow.{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=317 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n317/mode/1up }} The type species was designated as the bearded bellbird by George Gray in 1840.{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1840 | title=A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus | location=London | publisher=R. and J.E. Taylor | page=34 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13668928 }}{{ cite book | editor-last=Traylor | editor-first=Melvin A. Jr | author-link=Melvin Alvah Traylor Jr. | year=1979 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=8 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=305 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14501082 }}
{{Species table |genus= Procnias |authority-name=Illiger |authority-year=1811 |species-count=four|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Three-wattled bellbird |binomial=Procnias tricarunculatus
|image=File:Procnias tricarunculata -Costa Rica -male-8-4c.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Verreaux & Verreaux |authority-year=1853 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Costa Rica, to eastern Honduras, Nicaragua and western Panama
|range-image=File:Procnias tricarunculatus map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= VU
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name= White bellbird|binomial=Procnias albus
|image=File:White Bellbird-Araponga-da-amazônia-Campanero blanco (Procnias albus) male (cropped).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Hermann |authority-year=1783 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Guianas, Venezuela and Brazil (Pará)
|range-image=File:Procnias albus dist.png
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Bearded bellbird |binomial=Procnias averano
|image=File:Procnias averano.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Hermann |authority-year=1783 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Venezuela and adjacent parts of Colombia and Guyana, Trinidad & Tobago and northeastern Brazil
|range-image=File:Procnias averano map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Two subspecies |bullets=on
|P. a. averano
|P. a. carnobarba
}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name= Bare-throated bellbird|binomial=Procnias nudicollis
|image=File:Araponga.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Vieillot |authority-year=1817 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Atlantic forest and adjacent moist areas
|range-image=File:Procnias nudicollis map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status=NT
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/end}}
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
{{commons category|Procnias}}
- Snow, D.W. (1982). The Cotingas: Bellbirds, Umbrella birds and their allies. British Museum Press. {{ISBN|0-19-858511-X}}
{{Passeriformes|T.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1079212}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Neotropical Bellbird}}
{{Cotingidae-stub}}