Nevel (town)

{{Quote box

| width = 25em

| align = left

| bgcolor = #ffb3b3

| title = Historical affiliations

| fontsize = 85%

| quote = {{flagicon|Grand Duchy of Lithuania}} Lithuania ({{flagicon|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|1586}} PLC) 1580–1582

{{flagicon image|Flag of Oryol (variant).svg}} Tsardom of Russia 1582–1617

{{flagicon|Grand Duchy of Lithuania}} Lithuania ({{flagicon|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth}} PLC) 1617–1655

{{flagicon|Russia|1668}} Tsardom of Russia 1655–1678

{{flagicon|Grand Duchy of Lithuania}} Lithuania ({{flagicon|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|1764}} PLC) 1678–1772

{{flag|Russian Empire}} 1772–1917

{{flagicon|Russia}} Russian Republic 1917

{{flagicon image|Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919-1927).svg}} Soviet Belarus 1919

{{flagicon image|Flag of Russian SFSR (1918-1937).svg}} Soviet Russia 1919–1922

{{flag|Soviet Union}} 1922–1991

{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} German occupation July 1941–October 1943

{{flag|Russian Federation}} 1991–present

}}

Nevel was first mentioned in Ivan the Terrible's will among towns that had been founded during his reign.{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|pages=293}} In 1562, during the Livonian War, it was the site of the Battle of Nevel, in which Poles defeated the Russians. In 1580, it was captured by Polish–Lithuanian forces aided by Hungarian infantry.{{cite book|author= |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VII|year=1886|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=27}} In 1581, Polish-Russian peace talks were held in the town, to no avail, and the following year it eventually passed to Russia.{{cite book|author= |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VII|page=28}} In 1619, it was recaptured by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In 1623, it was granted Magdeburg rights by the Polish–Lithuanian King Władysław IV Vasa. While part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth it was located in the Polotsk Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1634, Władysław IV granted Newel to the Radziwiłł family. At the time, there were eight churches, either Catholic or Orthodox, in the town. In 1655, the town was captured by the Russians, and the castle was destroyed, however, it was restored to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1678.

Nevel became part of Russia during the First Partition of Poland in 1772,{{cite web|url=http://nevel.reg60.ru/orajone/istorija|script-title=ru:История района|publisher=Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области|language=ru|access-date=June 23, 2014}} when it was included into newly established Pskov Governorate, chartered, and made the seat of Nevesky Uyezd of Pskov Governorate.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} In 1777, it was transferred to Polotsk Viceroyalty.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished and Nevel was transferred to the Belarusian Governorate;{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} it formed a part of Vitebsk Governorate from 1802. In 1897, the ethnic make-up, by mother tongue, was 62.4% Jewish, 25.6% Belarusian, 10.8% Russian, and 0.8% Polish.{{cite book|author=|title=Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г.|volume=V|year=1903|language=ru|pages=76–79}} Two annual fairs were held in the town in the late 19th century.

File:Nieviel, Rynak, Franciškanski. Невель, Рынак, Францішканскі (1942).jpg

In early 1919 it was part of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia. After 1919, Vitebsk Governorate was a part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.{{cite web|url=http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%20%28%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%20%28%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29/|script-title=ru:Область (местность)|publisher=Great Soviet Encyclopedia|language=ru|access-date=June 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331035806/http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%20%28%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%20%28%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29/|archive-date=March 31, 2014|url-status=dead}} On March 24, 1924, Vitebsk Governorate was abolished, and Nevel was transferred to Pskov Governorate.

{{Historical populations|1897|9349|1989|22472|2002|18545|2010|16324|source=}}

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds and governorates were abolished and Nevelsky District, with the administrative center in Nevel, was established as a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast, pp. 11–14 It included parts of former Nevelsky Uyezd.{{cite web|url=http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/93_Nevelsky_rayon.htm|script-title=ru:Невельский район (август 1927 г. - июнь 1929 г.)|publisher=Справочник истории административно-территориального деления Ленинградской области|language=ru|access-date=June 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103153049/http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/93_Nevelsky_rayon.htm|archive-date=November 3, 2013|url-status=dead}} On June 3, 1929, Nevelsky District was transferred to Western Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January 29, 1935, Western Oblast was abolished and the district was transferred to Kalinin Oblast,{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} and on February 5 of the same year, Nevelsky District became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Kalinin Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. On May 4, 1938, the district was subordinated directly to the oblast. During World War II, Nevel was under German occupation from 16 July 1941 until 6 October 1943.[https://www.soldat.ru/spravka/freedom/1-ssr-4.html Освобождение городов] On August 22, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast. On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished and Nevelsky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast.

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Nevel serves as the administrative center of Nevelsky District,{{OKATO reference|58 220}} to which it is directly subordinated.Law #833-oz stipulates that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. The Law #420-oz, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal districts, lists the town of Nevel as a part of Nevelsky District. As a municipal division, the town of Nevel is incorporated within Nevelsky Municipal District as Nevel Urban Settlement.Law #420-oz

Nevel has enterprises of food, textile, shoemaking, and timber industries.{{cite web|url=http://nevel.reg60.ru/orajone/ekonomika/promyshlennost|script-title=ru:Промышленность|publisher=Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области|language=ru|access-date=October 3, 2012}}

File:ЖД вокзал - panoramio - Владимир Парамонов (1).jpg

Nevel is connected at the crossing of two railway lines. One connects Velikiye Luki with Polotsk (Nevel-1 railway station), whereas another one connects St. Petersburg via Dno and Novosokolniki with Vitebsk (Nevel-2 railway station). South of Nevel, both railways cross into Belarus.

There M20 Highway connecting St. Petersburg and Kyiv passes next to Nevel. Other main roads connect Nevel with Velikiye Luki, with Smolensk via Usvyaty and Velizh, with Polotsk, and with Verkhnyadzvinsk via Rossony. There are also local roads.

File:Троицкая церковь в Невеле.JPG

Nevel contains three objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.{{RKN_base}} The monuments are the Trinity Church (built in the 1850s), the building of the uyezd school, and the military cemetery from World War II.

Nevel is home to the Nevel Museum of History, featuring the history of the town.{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.ru/M2839|script-title=ru:Музей истории г. Невеля|publisher=Российская сеть культурного наследия|language=ru|access-date=October 5, 2012}}

• Mikhail Bakhtin (1895–1975) — Russian philosopher, literary critic and semiotician
• Maria Yudina (1899–1970) — Soviet pianist
• Reb Zalman Moishe (1872–1952) — Orthodox Jewish Chabad-Lubavitch Rabbi in pre-war Europe
• Yevgeny Dyakonov (1935–2006) — Russian mathematician
• Filipp Goloshchyokin (1876–1941) — Soviet politician and revolutionary
• Manshuk Mametova (1922–1943) — Soviet Kazakh machine gunner, first Soviet Asian woman to receive the Hero of the Soviet Union medal
• Aaron Rubashkin (1927/28–2020) — Jewish-American businessman
• Grigori Voitinsky (1893–1953) — Soviet politician
• Morris S. Novik (1903–1996) — American socialist politician and radio manager
• Dov Schwartzman (1921–2011) — Haredi Jewish rabbi and dean of Bais Hatalmud (Jerusalem)
• Valentin Voloshinov (1895–1936) — Russian philosopher and linguist
• Konstantin Zaslonov (1910–1942) — Soviet partisan kommander, Hero of the Soviet Union

{{Reflist}}

• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|psk|adm|law}}
• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|psk|mun|list}}
• Архивный отдел Псковского облисполкома. Государственный архив Псковской области. "Административно-территориальное деление Псковской области (1917–1988 гг.). Справочник". (Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast (1917–1988). Reference.) Книга I. Лениздат, 1988

• [http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=501 The murder of the Jews of Nevel] during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.

{{Pskov Oblast}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities and towns in Pskov Oblast

Category:Holocaust locations in Russia

Category:Nevelsky District, Pskov Oblast