New York City Department of Bridges
{{Short description|Former New York City government agency}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = New York City Department of Bridges
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| formed = {{Start date|1898|01|01}}
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| dissolved = 1916
| superseding1 = New York City Department of Plant & Structures
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| jurisdiction = Government of New York City
| headquarters = New York City
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| chief1_position = Commissioner of Bridges
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position = Consulting Engineer
| parent_agency = New York City Board of Public Improvements
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| keydocument1 = New York City Charter
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| agency_type = Department
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| status = Defunct
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The New York City Department of Bridges was a municipal government agency that administered the planning, construction, management, and maintenance of bridges in New York City. The department was created in 1898 with the consolidation of Greater New York, and it operated as one of six co-equal branches of the New York City Board of Public Improvements.{{Cite news|date=December 26, 1896|title=Leading Features of the New Charter|pages=1–2|work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80526775/|access-date={{today}}}} It was later merged with the Department of Public Works in 1916 to form the Department of Plant & Structures.{{Cite web|title=NYC Municipal Archives Collections: Bridges/Plant & Structures|url=https://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/RECORDSPHOTOUNITARC~13~13|access-date={{today}}|website=New York City Department of Records & Information Services}} Its present-day successor is the New York City Department of Transportation.
Prior to the Department's formation, the work of building and managing transportation infrastructure in the Greater New York area was generally overseen by county-level Boards of Supervisors{{Cite web|title=Guide to the Board of Supervisors of Kings County collection ARC.049|url=http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/bhs/arc_049_board_of_supervisors/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=dlib.nyu.edu}} and their associated Highway Commissioners.{{Cite news|date=4 August 1873|title=Rural Improvements|work=The New York Times|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1873/08/04/79041936.pdf|access-date={{today}}}} When the city was consolidated under a singular charter in 1898, responsibility for all bridge crossings (including minor roadway spans in the outer boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens) was also consolidated–much to the disagreement of existing highway commissioners.{{Cite news|date=7 January 1898|title=Wants the Small Bridges– Deputy Farrell Regards Them as Parts of Highways|work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80528249/|access-date={{today}}}}
Organization
Most of the department's workforce included designers and tradesmen in a variety of support roles, including engineers, riggers, and even firemen. One record from 1900 counts the organization's maintenance division alone at about 480 workers, with moveable bridge-tenders comprising the largest individual trade.{{Cite journal|year=2003|title=Maintenance Personnel Resources in 1900|url=https://nyc.gov/html/dot//downloads/pdf/bridgerpt03.pdf|journal=NYCDOT Bridges & Tunnels Annual Condition Report|pages=232|access-date={{today}}}} The department's leadership consisted of a Commissioner of Bridges and a Consulting Engineer. Appointed by the Mayor of New York City, the Commissioner of Bridges was a mayoral cabinet-level position{{Cite book|last=Ash|first=Mark|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_6864674_000/ldpd_6864674_000.pdf|title=The Greater New York Charter as Enacted in 1897|publisher=Weed-Parsons Printing Company|year=1897|location=New York City|pages=|access-date={{today}}}}{{Rp|46}} tasked with administration of the entire department and its divisions. According to the original city charter, the commissioner was also charged with overseeing departmental finances, toll collection, bridge construction and maintenance, and operation of the Brooklyn Bridge trolleys.{{Rp|287–288}}
Notable projects
During its existence, the Department of Bridges initiated and managed the construction of many significant bridges in New York City:
- Williamsburg Bridge (initially known as the "East River Bridge")
- Manhattan Bridge
- Queensboro Bridge
- Hell Gate Bridge
- Madison Avenue Bridge
- University Heights Bridge
- 145th Street Bridge
- Grand Street Bridge