New Zealand Shipping Company#Ships
{{Short description|Shipping company New Zealand to Great Britain, passenger and cargo}}
{{For|the law case|NZ Shipping Co Ltd v A M Satterthwaite & Co Ltd}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox company
|name = New Zealand Shipping Company
|logo =
|type =
|image = Shipping poster, 1930s (6297424880).jpg
|foundation = 1873
|defunct = 1973
|location =
|key_people =
|num_employees =
|industry = Transport
|products = Passenger and Cargo Shipping
|successor = P&O
|revenue =
|parent =
|homepage =
|footnotes =
}}
The New Zealand Shipping Company (NZSC) was a shipping company whose ships ran passenger and cargo services between Great Britain and New Zealand between 1873 and 1973.
A group of Christchurch businessmen[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18721121.2.19 News of the Day The Press], 21 November 1872 Page 3 founded the company in 1873, similar groups formed in the other main centres, to counter the dominance of the Shaw Savill line controlled from London and the (Scotland-Dunedin) Albion line. There were seven initial directors: John Coster, chairman, George Gould Snr., (father of George Gould), John Thomas Peacock, William Reeves, Robert Heaton Rhodes, John Anderson, and Reginald Cobb (died 1873[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18730904.2.17 News of the Day. The Press], 4 September 1873 Page 2) representing the New Zealand Loan & Mercantile Agency.{{cite news|title=Commercial|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/LT18730125.2.12?query=shipping%20company%20gould|access-date=18 May 2017|work=Lyttelton Times |volume=XXXIX|issue=3748|date=25 January 1873|page=2}}
The similar groups of businessmen in Dunedin and Wellington soon joined this Christchurch company followed by the Auckland group. They completed the four-main-centre link in July 1873.[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS18730704.2.9 New Zealand Freight Company Limited Auckland Star] 4 July 1873 Page 2 [https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18730812.2.13.2 The South New Zealand Herald] 12 August 1873 Page 3 Hon. John Johnston Wellington, John Logan Campbell Auckland, and Evan Prosser of Dunedin were elected to the main board.[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18731111.2.13 The Press] 11 November 1873 Page 2 A Captain Ashby opened an office off New Broad Street London and chartered two ships carrying 500 government emigrants: Punjaub 883 tons and Adamant 815 tons set to sail for Canterbury on 31 May and 20 June respectively with full cargo.[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18730714.2.3 Shipping New Zealand Herald], 14 July 1873 Page 2 By November 1873 they had purchased two vessels, Hindostan and Dilfillan and chartered eighteen. Two 1,000 ton ships were scheduled to be launched the same month and named Waikato and Waitangi.
The company gradually established a fleet of vessels, using Māori names for each. From 1875 the livery consisted of black hulls, white superstructure and yellow funnels.
In 1882, the company's ships were equipped with refrigeration. and a frozen meat service began from New Zealand to England.
Company policy dictated a stop at Pitcairn Islands, in the Pacific, to break the monotony of the ocean crossing.
Federal Steam Navigation Company
File:New Zealand Shipping Company Building 296.jpg, still displaying the NZSC logo]]
In 1894 Allan Hughes bought Money Wigram & Sons and renamed it King Steam Navigation, but changed the name to the Federal Steam Navigation Co Ltd (FSNC) in 1895.{{Cite web |date=26 September 2016 |title=Federal Steam Navigation Co - Graces Guide |url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Federal_Steam_Navigation_Co |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.gracesguide.co.uk}} Federal-Houlder-Shire Lines was established in 1904 by the merger of FSNC, Houlder Brothers and Company, and the Scottish Shire Line owned by Turnbull, Martin and Company.{{Cite web |date=1906 |title=F-H-S Lines |url=https://natlib.govt.nz/records/43067115 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=natlib.govt.nz}} On 3 January 1912 an agreement was reached whereby the New Zealand Shipping Company absorbed the Federal Steam Navigation Company, which at the time owned ten steamships trading between Australia, New Zealand and the UK.{{sfn|Waters|1939|p=59}} Ships owned in 1912 were Argyllshire, Wiltshire,{{Cite news |date=1912-04-29 |title=THE WILTSHIRE. |work=Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article133946938 |access-date=2023-11-22}} Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Durham, Essex, Kent, Norfolk, Shropshire (Rotorua from 1923), Somerset, Suffolk, Surrey and Sussex.{{Cite web |date=5 January 1912 |title=Federal Company's fleet. Press |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19120105.2.72.4 |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz}} Federal Steam ships retained their house flag, and continued to be named after English counties, thereby retaining their Federal Steam identity. Federal Steam was registered in England for tax purposes, whereas the New Zealand Shipping Company continued to be registered in New Zealand.
World wars
In the First World War the NZSC lost nine ships from a fleet of 32.{{sfn|Waters|1939|p=68}} In the Second World War it lost 19 ships from a fleet of 36.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
Closure
The services of both companies were absorbed into the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O) in 1973 after exactly 100 years of service.{{cite web |url= http://www.fgrubbs.com/3104/rangitata/rangitata.htm|title=M V Rangitata|access-date=31 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090617072358/http://www.fgrubbs.com/3104/rangitata/rangitata.htm |archive-date=17 June 2009}} P&O had bought NZSC in October 1916,{{Cite web |date=19 October 1916 |title=The shipping fusion. Press |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19161019.2.94 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz}} but left it largely independent.{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=New Zealand Shipping Company |url=https://www.poheritage.com/our-history/company-guides/new-zealand-shipping-company/NextPage?pageIndex=1 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.poheritage.com}}
Ships
NZSC operated numerous ships, some purpose built, others acquired from other operators by purchase, lease or charter.
| class="wikitable" width="100%"
| bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | Ship | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | Type | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | Date launched | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | Date acquired | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | Date disposed | bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | Fate/ next assignment | |
| {{SS|Aorangi|1883|2}}
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship |1883 | |1914 |Scrapped 1925 | |
| British King
|cargo and passenger ship |1881 |chartered 1882{{cite news |title=' |newspaper=Otago Daily Times |issue=6577 |date=14 March 1883 |page=4}} |1884 |Scuttled at Port Arthur 1904 | |
| {{SS|Coptic|1881|2}}
|cargo and passenger steamship |1881 |chartered 1883 |1884 |Scrapped 1926 | |
| {{SS|Doric|1883|2}}
|cargo and passenger steamship |1883 |chartered 1883 |1884 |Wrecked 1911 | |
| Fenstanton
|steamship |1882 |chartered 1883 |1884 |Grounded and wrecked | |
| Hurunui (1)
|cargo and passenger sailing ship |1875 | |1883 |Collided and sank Waitara, 22 June 1883{{cite news |title=Collision And Loss Of 27 Lives |newspaper=The Cornishman |issue=258 |date=28 June 1883}} | |
| Hurunui (2)
|refrigerated cargo steamship |1911 | |1918 |Sunk by torpedo off The Lizard by {{SMU|U-94 | 2}}, 18 May 1918{{cite web |url= http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/2941.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |title=Hurunui |work=Uboat.net |accessdate=24 October 2012}} |
| Hurunui (3)
|refrigerated cargo steamship |1921 | |1940 |Sunk by torpedo on 15 October 1940 by {{GS|U-93|1940|2}}{{cite web|publisher=uboat.net|title=Hurunui|url=https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/595.html|access-date=9 March 2021}} | |
| {{SS|Ionic|1883|2}}
|cargo and passenger ship |1883 |chartered 1883 |1884 |Scrapped 1908 | |
| Kaikoura (1)
|cargo and passenger steamship |1884 | |1899 |Sold to British India SN Co | |
| Kaikoura (2)
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship |1903 | |1926 |Sold | |
| Kaipara
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship |1903 | |1914 |Stopped and sunk by SMS {{SS|Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse | 2}}, 16 August 1914{{cite web |url= http://www.naval-history.net/WW1LossesBrMS1914-16.htm |title=British Merchant Ships Lost to Enemy Action: Part 1 of 3 – Years 1914, 1915, 1916 in date order |work=World War 1 at Sea |publisher=Naval History |access-date=7 April 2021}} |
| Mataura (1)
|1868 |1874 (former Dunfinnan) |1894 | |
| Mataura (2)
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship |1896 | |1898 |Wrecked in the Strait of Magellan 12 January 1898{{cite news |title=' |newspaper=The Press |place=Canterbury, NZ |date=29 January 1898}} | |
| Opawa
|refrigerated cargo motor ship |1931 | |1942 |Sunk by U-106, 6 February 1942{{cite web|publisher=uboat.net|title=Opawa|url=https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/1319.html|access-date=28 November 2021}} | |
| Orari
|refrigerated cargo motor ship |1931 | |1958 |Sold to Italy and renamed Capo Bianco{{cite web|publisher=uboat.net|title=Orari|url=https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/717.html|access-date=29 March 2021}} | |
| Otaio
|refrigerated cargo motor ship |1930 | |1941 |Sunk by U-558, 28 August 1941{{cite web|publisher=uboat.net|title=Otaio|url=https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/1080.html|access-date=14 July 2021}} | |
| {{Ship | Otaki|1875|2}} (1)
|sailing ship |1875 | |1896 |Sold and renamed Dr. Siegert |
| {{SS|Otaki|1908|2}} (2)
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship |1908 | |1917 |Sunk by the German raider {{SMS|Möwe|1914|6}} 10 March 1917 | |
| Otaki (3)
|refrigerated cargo steamship |1919 | |1934 |Sold to Clan Line and renamed Clan Robertson | |
| {{MV|Otaki|1952|2}} (4)
|refrigerated cargo motor ship |1953 | |1967 |Transferred to Federal Steam Navigation Co | |
| Otorama{{cite book |title=Cyclopaedia of New Zealand |year=1906}}
|steamship |1890 |former Sea King |1902 |Sold | |
| Papanui
|steamship |1898 | |1909 |Sold | |
| Paparoa
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship |1899 | | |17 March 1926 caught fire in the South Atlantic, scuttled by {{HMS|Birmingham|1913|6}}{{cite web |url= https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?141356 |last1=Chipchase |first1=Nick |last2=Allen |first2=Tony |title=SS Paparoa (+1926) |work=Wrecksite |date=5 February 2020 |access-date=7 April 2021}} | |
| Piako (1)
|1877 | | | |
| Piako (2)
|refrigerated cargo steamship |1920 |1920 (former War Orestes) |1941 |Sunk by torpedo on 18 May 1941 by {{GS|U-107|1940|2}} | |
| Piako (3)
|refrigerated cargo and passenger ship |1961 |1962 |1979 |Sold to Blue Ocean Compania Maritima SA. Scrapped 1984 | |
| Rakaia
|cargo and passenger motor ship |1944 |1946 (former Empire Abercorn) |1971 |Scrapped | |
| Rakanoa{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}
| | | | | | |
| {{MS|Rangitane|1929|2}} (1)
|passenger motor ship |1929 |1929 |1940 |Sunk by shellfire by the German raiders {{ship|German auxiliary cruiser|Orion | 2}} and Komet, 26 November 1940{{cite web |url= https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?138639 |last1=Allen |first1=Tony |last2=Vleggeert |first2=Nico |title=MV Rangitane (+1940) |work=Wrecksite |date=28 October 2015 |access-date=7 April 2021}} |
| Rangitane (2)
|passenger motor ship |1949 |1949 |May 1968 |Sold to CY Tung, Scrapped Taiwan, 1976 | |
| {{RMS|Rangitata}}
|passenger motor ship |26 March 1929 |1929 |1962 |Scrapped | |
| {{RMS|Rangitiki}}
|passenger motor ship |1929 |1929 |1962 |Scrapped | |
| Rangitoto
|passenger motor ship |1949 |1949 |1969 |Sold to CY Tung, Scrapped Hong Kong, 1976 | |
| Remuera (1)
|passenger steamship |1911 | |1940 |Sunk by aerial torpedo 26 August 1940 | |
| Remuera (2)
|steam cargo and passenger steamship |1947 |1961 (former Parthia) |1964 |Sold to Eastern & Australia Steamship Company.{{cite book |last=Mills |first=Elspeth |year=2004 |title=The Fleet 1840–2010 |isbn=978-0-9542451-8-4 }}{{page needed|date=October 2020}} | |
| Rimutaka (1)
|steamship |1884 | |1900 |Sold to British India SN Co | |
| Rimutaka (2)
|refrigerated cargo and passenger ship |1901 | |1930 |Scrapped | |
| Rimutaka (3)
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship |1922 |1938 (former Mongolia) |1950 |Sold to Incres Shipping Company | |
| Rotorua (1)
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship |1910 | |1917 |Sunk by torpedo on 22 March 1917 by {{SMU|UC-17}} | |
| Rotorua (2)
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship |1910 |1936 (former Shropshire) |1940 |Sunk by torpedo on 11 December 1940 by {{GS|U-96|1940|2}}{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/65/a5883465.shtml |last=Green |first=Roger M |title=Loss of the SS Rotorua – 11 Dec 1940 |work=WW2 People's War |date=15 October 2014}} | |
| Ruahine (1)
|steamship |1891 | |1900 |Sold | |
| {{SS|Ruahine | 2}} (2)
|refrigerated cargo steamship |1909 | |1949 |Sold to Italian owners; scrapped 1957 |
| {{MS|Ruahine | 2}} (3)
|passenger motor ship | |1951 |1968 |re-registered in Hong Kong; scrapped 1974 |
| Ruapehu (10)
|efrigerated cargo and passenger ship |1901 | |1931 |Sold for scrap 5 August 1931 | |
| Stad Haarlem
|cargo and passenger ship |1875 |leased 1879 | | | |
| Tekoa
|steamship |1890 | |1902 |Sold | |
| Tongariro
|passenger and cargo steamship |1883 |1883 |1899 |Sold to British India SN Co | |
| Tongariro
|1901 | | |1916 |Wrecked on Bull Rock, 30 August 1916{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=New Zealand liner wrecked. |date=31 August 1916 |page=3 |issue=41260 |column=D}} | |
| Tongariro
|1925 | | |1960 |Scrapped | |
| Turakina (1)
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship |1902 | |1917 |Sunk by torpedo in the Western Approaches by {{SMU|U-86 | 2}}, 13 August 1917{{cite web |url= https://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/6162.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |title=Turakina |work=Uboat.net |accessdate=7 April 2021}} |
| Turakina (2)
|steamship |1923 |1923 |1940 |Sunk by shellfire in the Tasman Sea by the German raider Orion, 20 August 1940{{cite web |url= https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?59762 |last=Allen |first=Tony |title=SS Turakina (+1940) |work=Wrecksite |date=20 August 2017 |access-date=7 April 2021}} | |
| Waikato
|sailing ship |1874 | |1898 |Sold | |
| Waimate
|refrigerated cargo and passenger ship |1896 | |1925 |Scrapped | |
| Waitara
| cargo and passenger sailing ship |1863 |1873 (former Hindustan) |1883 | |
| Wakanui
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship |1899 | |1913 |Sold | |
| {{SS|Warrimoo | 2}}
|passenger steamship |1892 |1899 |1901 |Sold to Union Steam Ship Co |
| Whakatane
|refrigerated cargo steamship |1900 | |1924 |Sold |
House flags
New Zealand Shipping Co Flag Blue Letters.svg|House flag
New Zealand Shipping Co with Pennant.svg|For ships powered by both sail and steam, a flag with an additional pennant was used.{{cite web | url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-314 | title=House flag, New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd | Royal Museums Greenwich }}
New Zealand Shipping Co Flag Black Letters.svg|Sometimes the company used a flag with black letters.
House flag of the New Zealand Shipping Company.svg|Another flag commonly used in the long history of the company, most often along with other flags. It was originally a flag of the Federal Steam Navigation Company.{{cite web | url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb~hfne.html#nz | title=British shipping companies (N) }}
See also
- NZ Shipping Co Ltd v A M Satterthwaite & Co Ltd, a leading case on contract law
- {{SS|Cambridge|1916|6}}
- {{SS|Hertford}}
- {{SS|Huntingdon|1920|6}}
- {{SS|Waikato}}
- {{MV|Nottingham|1949|6}}
- Isthmian Steamship Company
- Owen Cox
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
Bibliography
- {{Cite book |last= Clarkson |first= John |year= 1995 |title= New Zealand and Federal lines |location= Preston, U.K. |publisher= J. & M. Clarkson |isbn= 0-9521179-5-9 |oclc= 35599714 |url= https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35599714 }}
- {{cite book |last= McLean |first= Gavin |year= 2001 |title= Captain's Log: New Zealand's Maritime History |location= Auckland, NZ |publisher= Hodder Moa Books |type= Softcover |isbn= 1-86958-881-9}}
- {{cite book |last= Waters |first= Sydney D |year= 1939 |title= Clipper Ship to Motor Liner: The story of the New Zealand Shipping Company 1873–1939 |location= London |publisher= The New Zealand Shipping Company Ltd}}
External links
- [https://natlib.govt.nz/records/43067115 1906 poster advertising the Federal-Houlder-Shire Lines]
- [http://www.rms-rangitiki.com/rms_rangitata.htm RMS Rangitata] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708054930/http://www.rms-rangitiki.com/rms_rangitata.htm |date=8 July 2009 }}
- {{cite web |url= http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/NZSC3.html |last=Boyle |first=Ian |title=New Zealand Shipping Company NZSC Page 3: 1915–1939 |work=Simplon Postcards}}
- {{cite web |url= http://www.australiatrade.com.au/Shipping/History/Vessels/ |last=Shaw |first=Jeffrey |title=New Zealand Shipping Vessels |work=Australian Trade & Shipping |date=2 November 2013}} – fleet list
{{P&O}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:1973 disestablishments in New Zealand
Category:Defunct shipping companies
Category:Defunct transport companies of New Zealand
Category:Shipping companies of New Zealand