New Zealand electorates#Distribution

The Electoral Act 1993 refers to electorates as "electoral districts". Electorates are informally referred to as "seats" ({{langx|mi|tūru|link=no}}), but technically the term seat refers to an elected member's place in Parliament.See {{cite web |title=Terminology |url=https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/Backg/Terminology.htm |website=www.parliament.tas.gov.au |access-date=6 March 2022}}Historically the only way to gain a seat in Parliament was to win an electorate, but under the present MMP system, MPs selected from party lists—called list MPs—are able to gain a seat without representing an electorate.

The electoral boundaries for the inaugural 1853 general election were drawn up by the governor, George Grey, with the authority for this coming from the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|page=173}} After the initial election, there were eight redivisions carried out by members of the general assembly (as the lower house was known at the time). These revisions were a mixture of minor and major boundary adjustments. In 1887, the responsibility for reshaping electorates was given to a Representation Commission and that arrangement has remained to this day. Up until 1981, the boundaries of the Māori electorates were determined by the governor or governor-general, when that responsibility was also transferred to the Representation Commission.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|page=174}}

Since the Representation Act 1900 and 1902 electoral redistribution, the number of electorates had been fixed at 80. Slower growth in the population of the South Island compared to the North Island meant the number of South Island electorates, once near-equal to the North, was decreasing and the geographic size of those electorates was growing. The 80-electorate cap was removed in 1969 and instead the number of South Island electorates fixed at 25. Thereafter, the number of electorates steadily increased, peaking with 99 members elected in 1993, of whom 74 were elected from North Island electorates.{{cite web |last=Cooke |first=Henry |date=17 January 2024 |title=Why we’re eventually going to need more MPs |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/politics/350146862/why-were-eventually-going-need-more-mps |access-date=28 March 2025 |website=Stuff}}

Elections for the House of Representatives in the 1850s modelled the electoral procedures used for the British House of Commons, which at that time featured both single-member electorates (electorates returning just one MP) and multi-member electorates (electorates returning more than one MP).{{cite web|last1= Roberts|first1= Nigel S.|title= Electoral systems – Turning votes into seats |url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/electoral-systems/page-1|publisher=Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand|access-date= 9 February 2017|date= 20 June 2012}} Each electorate was allocated a different number of MPs (up to three) in order to balance electoral population differences. All electorates used a plurality voting system, except between 1908 and 1913 when a two-round voting system was employed.{{cite web |last1= Roberts|first1= Nigel S. |title= Electoral systems – Turning votes into seats |url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/electoral-systems/page-1 |publisher=Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand|access-date= 16 October 2018|date= 17 February 2015 | quote = Both the single-member and the multi-member districts were instances of plurality voting systems, because candidates did not need a majority of the votes (more than half) to be elected. They required only a plurality – more votes than any of the other candidates – to win.}}{{cite book |last=Foster |first=Bernard John |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/government-parliamentary-elections/page-9 |title=Second Ballot System (1908–13) |publisher=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand |year=1966 |editor=A. H. McLintock |location=Wellington |access-date=7 August 2013}}

Electorate boundaries were not always drawn to provide for proportional representation between communities. From 1881, a special country quota meant that rural seats could contain fewer people than urban seats, preserving improportionality by over-representing the rural electoral population (mostly made up by farmers). The country quota inflated the number of the electoral population outside of cities and certain towns by some percentage. The quota was at first 33% (1881–1887), then briefly 18% (1887–1889), and 28% for the remaining period (1889–1945).{{sfn|Atkinson|2003|page=76}}{{sfn|Wilson|1985|page=174}} For the 1905 election, the multi-member electorates were abolished. The country quota persisted until 1945. A system of Māori electorates providing indigenous representation was established in 1867 but these were not drawn in proportion to their general electorate counterparts until the election of the 45th New Zealand Parliament in 1996.

Since the introduction of the mixed-member proportional system at the 1996 election, there have been at least 120 MPs and the number of South Island electorates has been fixed at 16. Like under the previous system, the number of North Island electorates is calculated in proportion to the South Island and that number has risen from 44 to a peak of 49 in 2020 and 2023.{{cite web |date=2007 |title=Report of the Representation Commission, 2007 |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/2007%20Representation%20Commission%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123193826/https://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/2007%20Representation%20Commission%20Report.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2019 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website=elections.org.nz |publisher=Representation Commission |page=4}}{{cite web |date=17 April 2014 |title=2014 Electorate Boundaries – Key Changes |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/events/electorate-boundary-review/final-electorate-boundaries/2014-electorate-boundaries-key-changes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126021123/https://www.elections.org.nz/events/electorate-boundary-review/final-electorate-boundaries/2014-electorate-boundaries-key-changes |archive-date=26 January 2019 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website=elections.org.nz |publisher=Electoral Commission}}{{cite web |date=17 April 2020 |title=What are electorates? |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/parliament-in-election-year/what-are-electorates/ |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=www.parliament.nz |publisher=New Zealand Parliament |language=en-NZ |quote=In the 2020 general election, there will be seven Māori electorates and 65 general electorates—including one new electorate in Auckland.}} The new electoral system also provides for the number of Māori electorates to be calculated proportionally, and these have sat at 7 since 2002. In October 2024, Statistics New Zealand announced that population changes necessitated reducing the number of North Island general electorates by one, returning the number of North Island general electorates to 48.{{cite web |date=23 October 2024 |title=General electorates down by one, number of Māori electorates stays at seven |url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/general-electorates-down-by-one-number-of-maori-electorates-stays-at-seven/ |work=Stats NZ}}

Because the number of MPs is fixed at a minimum of 120, adding additional electorates means there are fewer seats available for list MPs.{{cite web |title=Proportion of electorate seats to list seats |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/bulk-upload/documents/Proportionality_submissions.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125034625/https://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/bulk-upload/documents/Proportionality_submissions.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2019 |access-date=9 February 2017 |website=elections.org.nz |publisher=Electoral Commission}} List MP seats are assigned proportionally to parties that win at least one electorate or receive at least 5% of the party vote. However, additional list MPs may be elected if overhang seats are required due to a party winning more electorates than its party vote share entitles it; the total number of members may therefore be more than 120.{{sfn|Shugart and Wattenberg|2001|page=24}} In 2005 and 2011, 121 members were elected; 122 members were elected in 2008; 123 members were elected in 2023.{{cite web |title=Overhang |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/bulk-upload/documents/Overhang.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502204252/http://www.elections.org.nz/sites/default/files/bulk-upload/documents/Overhang.pdf |archive-date=2 May 2017 |access-date=9 February 2017 |website=elections.org.nz |publisher=Electoral Commission}}{{cite web |date=3 November 2023 |title=Official results for the 2023 General Election |url=https://elections.nz/media-and-news/2023/official-results-for-the-2023-general-election/ |access-date=28 March 2025 |website=Elections}}

The Representation Commission has determined general electorate boundaries since 1881.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|page=174}}{{cite web|title= Representation Commission|url= http://www.elections.org.nz/voting-system/electorates/electorate-boundaries-and-review/representation-commission|website= elections.org.nz|publisher=Electoral Commission (New Zealand)|access-date= 9 February 2017|language= en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190122024506/https://www.elections.org.nz/voting-system/electorates/electorate-boundaries-and-review/representation-commission|archive-date= 22 January 2019|url-status= dead}} These days, the Commission consists of:

• Four government officials—the Government Statistician, the Surveyor-General, the Chief Electoral Officer, and the Chairperson of the Local Government Commission.
• A representative of the governing party or coalition, and a representative of the opposition bloc.
• A chairperson (often a judge) nominated by the other members (with the exception of Chairperson of the Local Government Commission).

The Representation Commission reviews electorate boundaries after each New Zealand census, which normally occurs every five years. The Electoral Act 1993 stipulates that the South Island is to have 16 general electorates, and dividing the number of persons in the South Island's general electoral population by 16 determines the South Island Quota.Electoral Act 1993, s 35(3). This quota is then used to calculate the number of Māori electoratesElectoral Act 1993, s 45(3). and to determine the number of North Island electorates.Electoral Act 1993, s 35(3).

The number of Māori electorates is calculated by dividing the Māori electoral population (MEP) of New Zealand by the South Island Quota. Māori voters may choose to either be represented in a Māori electorate or a general electorate, so the MEP is influenced by the number of Māori who opt for Māori electorate representation. Māori voters who choose to be represented in a general electorate are included in the General electoral population (GEP) of either the South Island or North Island. The number of North Island electorates is calculated by applying the South Island Quota to the North Island GEP.{{cite web |date=1 October 2013 |title=Calculating future Māori and General Electorates |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/events/2013-electorate-boundary-review/calculating-future-maori-and-general-electorates |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005022643/http://www.elections.org.nz/events/2013-electorate-boundary-review/calculating-future-maori-and-general-electorates |archive-date=5 October 2013 |access-date=2 October 2013 |publisher=Electoral Commission (New Zealand)}} In this way, all three types of electorates will represent similar populations. Electorates may vary by no more than 5% of the average electoral population size.

In drawing new electorate boundaries, the Representation Commission must give due consideration to existing boundaries, communities of interest, facilities of communications, topographical features, and projected variation in population. Regard is often had for local authority boundaries. The Commission may abolish electorates and create new ones in their place. Except for Māori electorates, electorates must be wholly situated on either the North Island or South Island. Populations on other islands, such as Stewart Island / Rakiura and the Chatham Islands, are included by convention in electorates that provide access to the mainland, latterly Invercargill and Rongotai, respectively.

The Representation Commission determines the names of each electorate following the most recent census. An electorate may be named after a geographic region, landmark (e.g. a mountain) or main population area. The Commission adopts compass point names when there is not a more suitable name. The compass point reference usually follows the name of the main population centre, e.g. Hamilton East.

{{further|topic=the historic qualifications required to vote|History of voting in New Zealand}}

Two types of special electorates have been used.

Goldminers' electorates were created for participants in the Otago gold rush. Goldminers did not usually meet the residency and property requirements in the electorate they were prospecting in, but were numerous enough to warrant political representation. Three goldminers' electorates existed, the first began in 1863 and both ended in 1870.

Much more durable have been the Māori electorates, created in 1867 to give separate representation to Māori. Although originally intended to be temporary, they came to function as reserved positions for Māori until 1967, ensuring that there would always be a Māori voice in Parliament. In 1967 the reserved status of the Māori seats was removed, allowing non-Māori to stand in the Māori electorates. Until 1993 the number of Māori electorates was fixed at four, significantly under-representing Māori in Parliament. In 1975 the definition of who could opt to register on either the general or the Māori roll was expanded to include all persons of Māori descent.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/eaa19751975n28210/ |title= Electoral Amendment Act 1975 |access-date= 10 March 2014}} Previously all persons of more than 50% Māori ancestry were on the Māori roll while persons of less than 50% Māori ancestry were required to enrol on the then European roll. Only persons presumed to have equal Māori and European ancestry (so-called half-castes) had a choice of roll.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/ea19561956n107130/ |title= Electoral Act 1956 |access-date=10 March 2014}}

Since the introduction of MMP in 1996, the number of seats can change with the number of Māori voters who choose to go on the Māori roll rather than the general roll. In 1996, there were five Māori electorates. For the 1999 election, this increased to six electorates. Since the 2002 election, the number of Māori electorates has stayed constant at seven.{{cite web |title=Māori and the vote – Change in the 20th century |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/page/change-20th-century |website=nzhistory.govt.nz |publisher=New Zealand History Online |access-date=12 January 2025 |date=21 November 2024}}

File:2023 New Zealand electorates A.svg

This table shows the electorates as they were represented during the 54th New Zealand Parliament. [NB "Port Waitako" on the map should read "Port Waikato".]

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Christchurch East

|{{Sort|14|Canterbury}}

|Christchurch

|{{sortname|Reuben|Davidson}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Coromandel

|{{Sort|3|Waikato}}

|Coromandel Peninsula

|{{sortname|Scott|Simpson|Scott Simpson (politician)}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Dunedin

|{{Sort|15|Otago}}

|Dunedin

|{{sortname|Rachel|Brooking}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|East Coast

| data-sort-value="4.5" |Gisborne and Bay of Plenty

|East Coast

|{{sortname|Dana|Kirkpatrick}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|East Coast Bays

| data-sort-value="1.9" |{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|East Coast Bays

|{{sortname|Erica|Stanford}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Epsom

|{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Epsom

|{{sortname|David|Seymour}}

|{{Party name with color|ACT New Zealand}}

|-

|Hamilton East

|{{Sort|3|Waikato}}

|Hamilton

|{{sortname|Ryan|Hamilton|Ryan Hamilton (New Zealand politician)}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Hamilton West

|{{Sort|3|Waikato}}

|Hamilton

|{{sortname|Tama|Potaka}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Hutt South

|{{Sort|9|Wellington}}

|Hutt Valley

|{{sortname|Chris|Bishop}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Ilam

|{{Sort|14|Canterbury}}

|Ilam

|{{sortname|Hamish|Campbell}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Invercargill

|{{Sort|16|Southland}}

|Invercargill

|{{sortname|Penny|Simmonds}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Kaikōura

| data-sort-value="11.5" |Marlborough and Canterbury

|Kaikōura

|{{sortname|Stuart|Smith|Stuart Smith (politician)}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Kaipara ki Mahurangi

| data-sort-value="1.9" |{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Kaipara Harbour and Mahurangi Harbour

|{{sortname|Chris|Penk}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Kelston

|{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Kelston

|{{sortname|Carmel|Sepuloni|}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Mana

|{{Sort|9|Wellington}}

|Mana Island

|{{sortname|Barbara|Edmonds|}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Māngere

| data-sort-value="2.1" |{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Māngere

|{{sortname|Lemauga Lydia|Sosene}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Manurewa

| data-sort-value="2.1" |{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Manurewa

|{{sortname|Arena|Williams}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Maungakiekie

|{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill

|{{sortname|Greg|Fleming|Greg Fleming (politician)}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Mt Albert

|{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Mount Albert

|{{sortname|Helen|White|Helen White (politician)}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Mt Roskill

|{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Mount Roskill

|{{sortname|Carlos|Cheung}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Napier

|{{Sort|6|Hawke's Bay}}

|Napier

|{{sortname|Katie|Nimon}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Nelson

| data-sort-value="10.5" |Nelson and Tasman

|Nelson

|{{sortname|Rachel|Boyack}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|New Lynn

|{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|New Lynn

|{{sortname|Paulo|Garcia|Paulo Garcia (New Zealand politician)}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|New Plymouth

|{{Sort|7|Taranaki}}

|New Plymouth

|{{sortname|David|MacLeod}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|North Shore

| data-sort-value="1.9" |{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|North Shore

|{{sortname|Simon|Watts}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Northcote

| data-sort-value="1.9" |{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Northcote

|{{sortname|Dan|Bidois}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Northland

|{{Sort|1|Northland}}

|Northland Region

|{{sortname|Grant|McCallum}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Ōhāriu

|{{Sort|9|Wellington}}

|Ohariu

|{{sortname|Greg|O'Connor|Greg O'Connor (politician)}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Ōtaki

| data-sort-value="8.6" |Wellington and Manawatū-Whanganui

|Ōtaki River

|{{sortname|Tim|Costley}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Pakuranga

|{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Pakuranga

|{{sortname|Simeon|Brown}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Palmerston North

|{{Sort|8|Manawatū-Whanganui}}

|Palmerston North

|{{sortname|Tangi|Utikere}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Panmure-Ōtāhuhu

| data-sort-value="2.1" |{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Panmure and Ōtāhuhu

|{{sortname|Jenny|Salesa}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Papakura

| data-sort-value="2.1" |{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Papakura

|{{sortname|Judith|Collins}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Port Waikato

| data-sort-value="2.5" |Auckland and Waikato

|Port Waikato

|{{sortname|Andrew|Bayly}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Rangitata

|{{Sort|14|Canterbury}}

|Rangitata River

|{{sortname|James|Meager}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Rangitīkei

|{{Sort|8|Manawatū-Whanganui}}

|Rangitīkei River

|{{sortname|Suze|Redmayne}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Remutaka

|{{Sort|9|Wellington}}

|Remutaka Range

|{{sortname|Chris|Hipkins}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Rongotai

|{{Sort|9|Wellington}} and the Chatham Islands

|Rongotai

|{{sortname|Julie Anne|Genter}}

|{{Party name with color|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}}

|-

|Rotorua

|{{Sort|4|Bay of Plenty}}

|Rotorua

|{{sortname|Todd|McClay}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Selwyn

|{{Sort|14|Canterbury}}

|Selwyn River

|{{sortname|Nicola|Grigg}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Southland

| data-sort-value="15.5" |Southland and Otago

|Southland Region

|{{sortname|Joseph|Mooney|Joseph Mooney (New Zealand politician)}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Taieri

|{{Sort|15|Otago}}

|Taieri River

|{{sortname|Ingrid|Leary}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Takanini

| data-sort-value="2.1" |{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Takanini

|{{sortname|Rima|Nakhle}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Tāmaki

|{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Tamaki River

|{{sortname|Brooke|van Velden}}

|{{Party name with color|ACT New Zealand}}

|-

|Taranaki-King Country

| data-sort-value="6.9" |Taranaki and Waikato

|Taranaki region and King Country

|{{sortname|Barbara|Kuriger}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Taupō

|{{Sort|3|Waikato}}

|Lake Taupō

|{{sortname|Louise|Upston}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Tauranga

|{{Sort|4|Bay of Plenty}}

|Tauranga

|{{sortname|Sam|Uffindell}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Te Atatū

|{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Te Atatū Peninsula

|{{sortname|Phil|Twyford}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|Tukituki

|{{Sort|6|Hawke's Bay}}

|Tukituki River

|{{sortname|Catherine|Wedd}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Upper Harbour

| data-sort-value="1.9" |{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Upper Waitematā Harbour

|{{sortname|Cameron|Brewer}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Waikato

|{{Sort|3|Waikato}}

|Waikato River

|{{sortname|Tim|van de Molen}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Waimakariri

|{{Sort|14|Canterbury}}

|Waimakariri River

|{{sortname|Matt|Doocey}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Wairarapa

| data-sort-value="8.1" |Wellington, Manawatū-Whanganui and Hawke's Bay

|Lake Wairarapa

|{{sortname|Mike|Butterick}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Waitaki

| data-sort-value="14.5" |Otago and Canterbury

|Waitaki River

|{{sortname|Miles|Anderson|Miles Anderson (politician)}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|{{NZ electorate link|Wellington Central}}

|{{Sort|9|Wellington}}

|Wellington

|{{sortname|Tamatha|Paul}}

|{{Party name with color|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}}

|-

|West Coast-Tasman

| data-sort-value="12.5" |West Coast and Tasman

|West Coast region and Tasman district

|{{sortname|Maureen|Pugh}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Whanganui

| data-sort-value="7.5" |Manawatū-Whanganui and Taranaki

|Whanganui River

|{{sortname|Carl|Bates}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Whangaparāoa

| data-sort-value="1.9" |{{Sort|2|Auckland}}

|Whangaparāoa Peninsula

|{{sortname|Mark|Mitchell|Mark Mitchell (New Zealand politician)}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Whangārei

|{{Sort|1|Northland}}

|Whangārei

|{{sortname|Shane|Reti}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand National Party}}

|-

|Wigram

|{{Sort|14|Canterbury}}

|Wigram

|{{sortname|Megan|Woods}}

|{{Party name with color|New Zealand Labour Party}}

|-

|}

{{Reflist|group="n"}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1= Atkinson |first1= Neill |title= Adventures in democracy: a history of the vote in New Zealand |date=2003 |publisher=University of Otago Press |location= Dunedin |isbn= 9781877276583| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_CG4AAAAIAAJ}}
• {{cite book |editor1-first=Matthew Søberg |editor1-last=Shugart |editor2-first=Martin |editor2-last=Wattenberg |editor1-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart |editor2-link=Martin Wattenberg (political scientist) |title=Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: the best of both worlds? |date=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=0191528978}}
• {{cite book |last= Wilson |first= James Oakley |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 |edition= 4th |origyear=First published in 1913 |year= 1985 |publisher=V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer |location= Wellington |oclc= 154283103}}

• [https://www.parliament.nz/en/mps-and-electorates/electorate-profiles/ Electoral profiles], produced by the Parliamentary Library, New Zealand Parliament.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20130208035645/http://www.elections.org.nz/mapping/ Map of electorates with boundaries], produced by the Parliamentary Library, run by the Electoral Commission, the Electoral Enrolment Centre, the Representation Commission, and the Justice Sector.

{{Electorates of New Zealand}}

{{Historic electorates of New Zealand}}

{{Parliament of NZ}}

Electorates

New Zealand

Electorates