Papakura

Papakura is a Māori language word typically translated to mean "Red Earth" or "Red Flats".{{cite report|url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/local-boards/all-local-boards/papakura-local-board/Documents/heritage-interpretation-strategy.pdf |title=Te Rautaki Whakamaarama moo ngaa Waahi Tuku Iho Heritage Interpretation Strategy |date=February 2022 |author=Papakura Local Board |publisher=Auckland Council |access-date=23 February 2024}}{{Cite web|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/maori-language-week/1000-maori-place-names|title=1000 Māori place names|publisher=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage|date=6 August 2019}} While {{lang|mi|kura}} is usually interpreted to be a reference to the red soil of the area,{{cite Q|Q58677091}}{{LINZ|35251|Papakura|23 February 2024}}{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=5}} ethnographer George Graham offers an alternative translation of Papakura, "Flat of the Moa". Graham believed that {{lang|mi|kura}} was a reference to the North Island giant moa ({{lang|mi|kuranui}}), known for its red plumage, that could come down from the Papakura Hills to feed in the Papakura lowlands.{{cite report| url=https://www.epa.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Documents/Fast-track-consenting/Papakura-to-Pukekohe-Rail/LP04_Appendix_B_CVA_Compressed.pdf |title=Ngati Te Ata (Waiohua) Cultural Values Assessment Report: Auckland Metro Rail Programme – Papakura to Pukekohe Electrification (P2P) |publisher=Environmental Protection Authority |date=February 2021 |access-date=21 July 2022}} A name associated with the location of the modern township of Papakura is {{lang|mi|Wharekawa}},{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=5}} while the Coles Crescent area adjacent to the Pahurehure Inlet was known as {{lang|mi|Waipapa}}.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=5}}

File:20220904 155933 Kirk's Bush.jpg]]

Papakura is located on the shores of the Pahurehure Inlet, a southeastern inlet of the Manukau Harbour. It is located between the suburb of Takanini to the north, and the rural settlements of Drury to the south and Karaka to the west. Papakura is surrounded by Pahurehure, Rosehill, Ōpaheke and Red Hill, variously considered independent suburbs or as areas within Papakura.

To the east of Papakura is Pukekiwiriki, a basalt volcano within the South Auckland volcanic field that erupted an estimated 1,000,000 years ago. Lava flows from the eruption flowed west towards Papakura.{{cite book |last1=Cameron |first1=Ewen |last2=Hayward |first2= Bruce |author-link2=Bruce Hayward |last3=Murdoch |first3= Graeme |title=A Field Guide to Auckland: Exploring the Region's Natural and Historical Heritage |isbn=978-1-86962-1513 |publisher=Random House New Zealand |year=2008 |page=266 |edition=Revised}} Further east of Papakura are the Hunua Ranges, a regional park in the Auckland and Waikato regions.

Before the arrival of humans, northern Papakura and Takanini were predominantly wetlands and peat bogs, while southern Papakura and Drury was home to a dense kauri-dominated forest. Kirks Bush in Papakura is a remnant of this forest.

File:View from Red Hill, Papakura, 1960s (cropped).jpg (also known as Pukekoiwiriki and Red Hill) was the location of a defended pā site, which protected the kāinga and gardens surrounding Pukekiwiriki (pictured: view from Red Hill in the 1960s)]]

The Auckland Region has been settled by Māori since around the 13th or 14th centuries.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/local-boards/all-local-boards/puketapapa-local-board/docsheritagestudies/waikowhai-coast-heritage-study.pdf |title=Waikōwhai Coast Heritage Study |first1=Elizabeth |last1=Pishief |first2=Brendan |last2=Shirley|date=August 2015|publisher=Auckland Council|access-date=14 February 2023}}{{cite news |last1=Russell |first1=Alexia |title=The Detail: Why Ihumātao has opened up rifts among Māori |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/114596689/the-detail-why-ihumatao-has-opened-up-rifts-among-maori |access-date=30 July 2019 |work=Stuff |date=30 July 2019 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729194432/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/114596689/the-detail-why-ihumatao-has-opened-up-rifts-among-maori |url-status=live }}{{sfn|Mackintosh|2021|pp=28}}{{Cite web|url=http://cfgheritage.com/17_0782_63kiwiesplanade.pdf |title=Archaeological investigations of site R11/2125, 63 Kiwi Esplanade, Mangere Bridge (HNZPTA authority 2018/046)|last1 = Trilford| first1 = Danielle| publisher=CFG Heritage |date=28 November 2017 |access-date=21 October 2021}} Many Māori migration canoes visited the wider area, including the Matahourua, Aotea, Mātaatua, Tainui, Tākitimu, Tokomaru, Te Wakatūwhenua and Moekākara.{{Cite Q|Q58677261}}{{cite web|title=The tribes of Tāmaki |first=Rāwiri |last=Taonui |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-3|website=Te Ara |date=8 February 2005 |access-date=17 March 2021}} Papakura was the location of the Papakura portage, which allowed people to haul waka between the southeastern Manukau Harbour at Papakura in the west to the Wairoa River in the east, likely along the path of the Old Wairoa Road.{{cite journal|url=https://folksong.org.nz/he_tangi_te_kiwi/portages_of_early_auckland.html |title=Portages of early Auckland - to and from the Waitemata Harbour: The hub of an ancient communications network |first=Brian |last=Hooker|journal=Auckland-Waikato Historical Journal|number=70|date=September 1997|pages=39–40|access-date=21 July 2022}} Other inland {{lang|mi|ara}} ("trails") existed between the Pahurehure Inlet, connecting to the Waikato in the south.

Pukekiwiriki has been occupied since the arrival of migratory waka, and is associated with the Tainui ancestress Mārama, who was the second wife of Hoturoa, captain of the Tainui waka. She settled permanently at the pā after quarrelling with Hoturoa.{{cite book |contributor=Green, Nathew |contribution=From Hawaīki to Howick – A Ngāi Tai History |author=La Roche, Alan |date=2011 |title=Grey's Folly: A History of Howick, Pakuranga, Bucklands-Eastern Beaches, East Tamaki, Whitford, Beachlands and Maraetai |location=Auckland |publisher=Tui Vale Productions |isbn=978-0-473-18547-3 |oclc=1135039710 |language=en |pages=16–33}} The site became a home for the Tāmaki Māori people who descended from her, known as Ngā Mārama, who later became a part of the Waiohua confederation.

The Papakura area was home to the kāinga of Kirikiri, Te Aparangi and Ōpaheke, which were protected by the fortified pā at Pukekiwiriki, and by Te Maketū pā to the south. Tāmaki Māori of the Papakura area thrived by utilising the resources of the Manukau Harbour, forests of the Hunua Ranges and by creating large-scale gardens, primarily on the slopes of Pukekiwiriki.

Over time, the tribal identities of Ngā Iwi and Ngā Riki emerged, primarily for those who descended from the Tainui and Arawa waka.{{Cite web| title = Duder Regional Park - Our History |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/Documents/duder-regional-park.pdf |author = Heritage Department of the Auckland Regional Council | publisher = Auckland Council| access-date = 30 August 2021}}{{Cite web| date=2015 | title = Te Tātua a Riukiuta Three Kings Heritage Study |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/local-boards/all-local-boards/puketapapa-local-board/docsheritagestudies/three-kings-heritage-study.pdf |first1=Dr Elizabeth |last1=Pishief |first2=John |last2=Adam | publisher = Auckland Council| access-date = 28 June 2021}} In the 17th century, three major tribes of Tāmaki Makaurau, Ngā Iwi, Ngā Oho and Ngā Riki, joined to form Waiohua, led by the rangatira Huakaiwaka. The union lasted for three generations, and was centred around the pā of Maungawhau and later Maungakiekie on the Auckland isthmus.{{Cite web | title = Balmoral & Sandringham Heritage Walks |author1=Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei |first2=Lisa|last2=Truttman |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/Documents/balmoral-sandringham-heritage-walks.pdf | publisher = Auckland Council |date=2009 | access-date = 1 September 2021}}

Around the year 1740, a conflict between Ngāti Whātua and Waiohua led to the death of paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki.{{Cite web| first=Malcolm |last=Patterson | title = Ngati Whatua o Orakei Heritage Report for State Highway 20; Transit Manukau Harbour Crossing |url=https://www.epa.govt.nz/assets/FileAPI/proposal/NSP000038/Evidence/8168b606f5/EWL-Rebuttal-Ngati-Whatua-O-Orakei-Onehunga-Report-MPatterson.pdf |date=21 March 2008 | publisher = Environmental Protection Authority | access-date = 21 October 2021}} Many Waiohua of the isthmus and South Auckland area sought refuge with their Waikato Tainui relatives to the south. Waiohua gradually returned to the southern Manukau Harbour, including Papakura, living in disbursed villages based on seasonally available resources.{{cite web|url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/4305/ |title=ca 1765 |work=Manukau's Journey |publisher=Auckland Libraries |access-date=30 March 2023}}{{sfn|Mackintosh|2021|pp=93}} During this time, the tribal identities of Te Ākitai Waiohua, Ngāti Tamaoho and Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua developed.{{sfn|Mackintosh|2021|pp=86-87}}

In the 1820s, the threat of Ngāpuhi war parties from the north during the Musket Wars caused the Papakura area to become deserted. Waiohua descendant tribes relocated to the Waikato under the protection of Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, returning gradually during the early 1830s. By 1835, Te Ākitai Waiohua had reestablished a presence at Kirikiri, a kāinga on the western slopes of Pukekiwiriki.{{cite report|url=https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Te-Akitai-Waiohua/Te-Akitai-Waiohua-deed-of-settlement-historical-claims-12-Nov-2021.pdf |author1=Te Ākitai Waiohua |author2=Te Ākitai Waiohua Settlement Trust |author3=The Crown |title=Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims |date=12 November 2021 |access-date=23 February 2024 |publisher=New Zealand Government}}{{cite report|url=https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Te-Akitai-Waiohua/Te-Akitai-Waiohua-deed-of-settlement-documents-12-Nov-2021.pdf |author1=Te Ākitai Waiohua |author2=Te Ākitai Waiohua Settlement Trust |author3=The Crown |title=Deed of Settlement Schedule: Documents |date=12 November 2021 |access-date=23 February 2024 |publisher=New Zealand Government}}

Modern-day iwi and hapū who associate with the Papakura area include Te Ākitai Waiohua, Ngāti Tamaoho, Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua, Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki and Waikato Tainui hapū Ngāti Pou.

File:Forest in the Papakura District (1850s).jpg

In January 1842, the Crown purchased the Papakura block from Ngāti Taihaua, a hapū with ties to Ngāi Tai and Te Ākitai Waiohua, that included rangatira Īhaka Takaanini. The area had not been surveyed before purchase, and its estimated size ranges from {{convert|9,000|acre}} to {{convert|30,000|acre}}. The crown created a reserve for Te Ākitai Waiohua to the south of Papakura.

The first European settler mentioned in newspapers is George Rich, who is described as farming and hunting wild boars at Papakura in 1844.{{cite news|via=Papers Past|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ACNZC18440815.2.1 |title=Papakura Boar Hunt |newspaper=Auckland Chronicle and New Zealand Colonist |volume=2 |issue=54 |date=14 August 1844 |page=3}}{{cite news|via=Papers Past|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18760704.2.24.13.1 |title=The Native Land Question |newspaper=New Zealand Herald |volume=XIII |issue=4567 |date=4 July 1876 |page=2 (supplement)}} The first permanent European residents of Papakura were the McLennan, Cole and Willis families, who arrived between 1846 and 1848 to establish farms at Papakura.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=5}} Welsh immigrant George Cole became known as the "father of Papakura" in later years, and is remembered by the name of a street in Papakura, Coles Crescent.{{cite web|url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/3322/rec/22 |work=Manukau's Journey |title=August 1848 |at=MJ_0177 |publisher=Auckland Libraries |access-date=23 February 2024}} The tract of land that was initially purchased was subdivided in 1853, with the street layout that was built initially remaining largely in place today.{{cite report|url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/UnitaryPlanDocuments/pc7-02801-papakura-karaka-war-memorial.pdf |title=Historic Heritage Evaluation: Papakura-Karaka War Memorial |author= Auckland Council Heritage Unit |date=March 2017 |publisher=Auckland Council |access-date=23 February 2024}} Cole established an inn for travellers in the Papakura area.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=6}}

File:Great South Road Papakura (1860s).jpg at Papakura, photographed between 1863 and 1867]]

{{main|Great South Road, New Zealand|Invasion of the Waikato}}

In 1861, Governor George Grey ordered the construction of the Great South Road further into the Waikato, due to fears of potential invasion of Waikato Tainui and concerns about the Māori King Movement.{{cite web|last1=O'Malley|first1=Vincent|author-link1=Vincent O'Malley|title='The great war for NZ broke out less than 50 km from Queen St': Vincent O'Malley on the Waikato War and the making of Auckland|url=http://thespinoff.co.nz/society/06-12-2016/the-great-war-for-nz-broke-out-less-than-50-km-from-queen-st-vincent-omalley-on-the-waikato-war-and-the-making-of-auckland/|website=The Spinoff |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=30 March 2023}}{{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/war-in-waikato/invasion-plans |title= War in Waikato |author= |website= nzhistory.govt.nz |publisher=New Zealand History |access-date=21 July 2020 }} The road preceded despite objections from Te Ākitai Waiohua to having the road constructed through their lands.

The construction of Great South Road led to a population boom in Papakura, which became a military outpost staging point for the war. Many soldiers lived in Papakura village or camped in the surrounding area, and businesses made profit by serving the soldiers.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=12}} On 9 July 1863, due to fears of the Māori King Movement, Governor Grey proclaimed that all Māori living in the South Auckland area needed to swear loyalty to the Queen and give up their weapons. Most people refused due to strong links to Tainui, leaving for the south before the Government's Invasion of the Waikato. Small numbers of people remained, in order to tend to their farms and for ahi kā (land rights through continued occupation).{{Cite web| date=1994 | title = History of the Ambury Area - Auckland Regional Council Ambury Regional Park Management Plan 1994 |url=http://arc.govt.nz/albany/fms/main/Documents/Parks/Parks%20history/Archaeology%20and%20brief%20history%20of%20the%20Ambury%20area.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730114220/http://arc.govt.nz/albany/fms/main/Documents/Parks/Parks%20history/Archaeology%20and%20brief%20history%20of%20the%20Ambury%20area.pdf |archive-date=30 July 2012 | publisher = Auckland Council| access-date = 6 July 2021}}{{Cite web|url=http://cfgheritage.com/2012_6tawhiaocottage.pdf |title=The Tawhiao Cottage |first1 = Matthew |last1 = Campbell |first2 = Jaden |last2 = Harris|first3 = Wesley |last3 = Maguire|first4 = Stuart |last4 = Hawkins | publisher=CFG Heritage |date=10 October 2013 |access-date=21 October 2021}} Most Māori occupants of the Papakura area felt they had no choice due to their strong ties to Tainui and Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, and were forced to flee to the Waikato in the south.{{sfn|Mackintosh|2021|pp=106}} While fleeing, Te Ākitai Waiohua rangatira Ihaka Takanini and his family were captured by his former neighbour, Lieutenant-Colonel Marmaduke Nixon, and taken prisoner on Rakino Island, where Ihaka Takanini died.{{sfn|Mackintosh|2021|pp=100-101, 106-107}}

By 1864, the battlefront of the war had moved south of Papakura. The military barracks and stables in the town were disbanded, and local residents struggled, no longer able to supply the soldiers.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=12}} After the war, the Crown confiscated 1.2 million acres of Māori land around the Waikato, including Waiohua land at Papakura.{{cite web|url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage/heritagesurveys/papatoetoe-heritage-survey.pdf |title=Papatoetoe Historic Heritage Survey: Survey Report |date=2014 |author=Auckland Council Heritage Unit |publisher=Auckland Council |access-date=28 April 2023}} The former residents of the Manukau Harbour began returning to the area in 1866,{{Cite web |url=https://hearings.aupihp.govt.nz/online-services/new/files/9TgDbD8RVXxGlpsN0eDV7JQQNd1uSWSGC2x7rCid469T |title=Archaeological Assessment of Self Farm / Crater Hill, Papatoetoe, Auckland |first=Russell |last=Gibb |work=Geometria Limited |date=1 September 2015 |access-date=16 May 2022}} with the Native Compensation Court returning small portions of land in 1867. Most land was kept by the crown as reserves, or sold on to British immigrant farmers.{{rp|4}}{{sfn|Mackintosh|2021|pp=106}} This included land in Papakura that was promoted to European farming families, who arrived in the mid-1860s.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=12}}

File:The unveiling of the memorial to fallen soldiers at Papakura last week by the Governor-General, Lord Jellicoe (1921) (cropped).jpg

The village of Papakura grew in the 1860s and 1870s, with early industries including logging, farming, kauri gum digging, farming, and providing services for travellers along the Great South Road.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=13-14, 250-254}} By the early 1870s, the Papakura Hotel and Globe Hotel had become prominent structures in the town.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=13-14, 250-254}} In 1875, Papakura railway station opened, linking the town to Auckland to the north and Hamilton to the south. The opening of the railway station helped grow the profitability of dairy farming, which became a major industry in Papakura in the 1880s.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=252}} By 1882, Papakura had grown enough to become a town district.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=8}}

The 1890s saw a major increase in kauri gum diggers visiting Papakura and Takanini, many of whom were Māori and Dalmatian immigrants.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=253-254}} Papakura township was adjacent to the large Ardmore Gumfield (also known as the Papakura Gumfield), which stretched from Manurewa to Clevedon. By the 1900s, the gumfields started being converted into farmland and orchards.{{cite book |last1=Hayward |first1=Bruce W. |author-link1=Bruce Hayward |title=Kauri Gum and the Gumdiggers |publisher=The Bush Press |date=1989 |isbn=0-908608-39-X |pages=4–5, 44}}

In 1911, the first controlled powered flight in New Zealand took place in Papakura. The flight took place inside a single paddock within the racecourse of the now-defunct Papakura Racing Club. The flight was piloted by Vivian Walsh and was carried out in a Howard Wright 1910 Biplane, the parts for which were imported from England in 1910 and assembled by members of the Auckland Aeroplane Syndicate.{{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/page/first-controlled-powered-flight-new-zealand |title= New Zealand's first controlled powered flight |author= |website= nzhistory.govt.nz |publisher=New Zealand History |access-date=21 July 2020 }}

Papakura struggled to grow as a community between 1900 and 1919, due to repeated fires breaking out in the community, as well as the effects of World War I and the 1918–1920 flu pandemic.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=62-64}} By 1914, the town had grown to have a population of 700. After the war, the Papakura Town District unveiled a memorial statue in 1921. The town flourished in the 1920s.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=125}} By 1936 the population had grown to 1,793,{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=10}} and in 1938, the area had grown enough that Papakura became an independent borough.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=10}}

The Papakura Military Camp was established on the outskirts of the town in 1939 and remains an important base for the New Zealand Army, being the home of the New Zealand Special Air Service.{{cite web|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/auckland-places/page-17 |title=17. – Auckland places – Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand |website=Teara.govt.nz |date=1 July 2015 |access-date=22 February 2016}} The camp was initially built by the Stevenson family construction business.{{cite web|url=http://www.stevenson.co.nz/corporate/our_history.php |title=Our History |access-date=12 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224061457/http://www.stevenson.co.nz/corporate/our_history.php |archive-date=24 February 2012 }}

File:Griffins (47552145701).jpg biscuit factory in 2019]]

In the years after World War II, South Auckland saw significant housing and industrial developments. By 1964, Manurewa, Takanini and Papakura had grown into a single contiguous urban area, and by 1987 Papakura had become a part of the urban sprawl of Auckland.{{cite report|url=https://knowledgeauckland.org.nz/media/1419/a-brief-history-of-aucklands-urban-form-2019-web.pdf |title=He hītori mō te hanga ā-tāone o Tāmaki Makaurau: A brief history of Auckland's urban form |date=December 2019 |publisher=Auckland Council |access-date=5 May 2023}}

Many people drawn to Papakura due to the Papakura cattle stockyards, which were established in 1955.{{cite web|url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/3836/rec/608 |work=Manukau's Journey |title=15 February 1955 |at=MJ_3348 |publisher=Auckland Libraries |access-date=23 February 2024}} The Auckland Southern Motorway was developed gradually in sections, with the motorway over the Pahurehure Inlet at Papakura opening in 1965.{{cite web|url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/3577/rec/6 |work=Manukau's Journey |title=20 May 1965 |at=MJ_4053 |publisher=Auckland Libraries |access-date=23 February 2024}} By the mid-20th century horse breeding became common, and as the motorway was being constructed, industrial businesses were established in the Takanini and Papakura areas.{{cite web|url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/3575/rec/2 |work=Manukau's Journey |title=March 1958 |at=MJ_3600 |publisher=Auckland Libraries |access-date=23 February 2024}} In 1965 a Cadbury chocolate factory opened on Hunua Road in Papakura,{{cite web|url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/622/rec/731 |work=Manukau's Journey |title=11 October 1965 |at=MJ_4033 |publisher=Auckland Libraries |access-date=23 February 2024}} which later became the Griffin's biscuit factory.{{cite news|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/papakura-courier/554613/Heart-for-his-community |title=Heart for his community |date=31 January 2009 |website=Stuff |access-date=23 February 2024}} The Roselands shopping centre opened in Papakura in 1968.{{cite web|url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/1297/rec/769 |work=Manukau's Journey |title=12 November 1968 |at=MJ_4292 |publisher=Auckland Libraries |access-date=23 February 2024}}

Due to significant growth, the Borough of Papakura became Papakura City in 1975.{{cite web|url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/1976/rec/827 |work=Manukau's Journey |title=1 January 1975 |at=MJ_4828 |publisher=Auckland Libraries |access-date=23 February 2024}}

Papakura covers {{Convert|12.91|km2||abbr=on}}{{Cite web|title=Stats NZ Geographic Data Service|url=https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/data/|at=Statistical Area 3 2023 (generalised)|access-date=17 February 2025}} and had an estimated population of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Takanini South East|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Takanini McLennan|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura West|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura North|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura Central|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura North East|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Twin Parks Rise|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura Kelvin|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura Eastburn|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura Massey Park|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura East|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Harbour View Heights|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura Industrial|y}}|R}}|0}} as of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|({{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Takanini South East|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Takanini McLennan|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura West|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura North|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura Central|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura North East|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Twin Parks Rise|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura Kelvin|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura Eastburn|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura Massey Park|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura East|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Harbour View Heights|y}}|R}}+{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Papakura Industrial|y}}|R}})/12.91|0}} people per km².

{{Historical populations|2006|17,667|2013|20,442|2018|24,192|2023|31,929|percentages=pagr|align=left|source={{NZ census 2018|Papakura West (162800), Papakura North (163000), Papakura Central (163200), Papakura North East (163300), Papakura Kelvin (163500), Papakura Massey Park (163600), Papakura East (163900) and Papakura Industrial (164100)}}|footnote=The 2006 population is for a smaller area of 10.34 km².}}

Papakura had a population of 31,929 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 7,737 people (32.0%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 11,487 people (56.2%) since the 2013 census. There were 15,810 males, 16,044 females and 72 people of other genders in 9,507 dwellings.{{cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs[0]=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_005&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=doTotal%2Bdo1.52200%2B162601%2B162602%2B162800%2B163001%2B163200%2B163301%2B163302%2B163501%2B163502%2B163600%2B163901%2B163902%2B164100.2023&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_DWD_003|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses}} 2.5% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 31.0 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 8,085 people (25.3%) aged under 15 years, 7,194 (22.5%) aged 15 to 29, 14,115 (44.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 2,535 (7.9%) aged 65 or older.

People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 32.9% European (Pākehā); 30.3% Māori; 24.7% Pasifika; 30.4% Asian; 1.7% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.6% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 91.1%, Māori language by 6.7%, Samoan by 6.2%, and other languages by 24.4%. No language could be spoken by 3.7% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 34.6, compared with 28.8% nationally.

Religious affiliations were 35.3% Christian, 8.3% Hindu, 2.6% Islam, 2.6% Māori religious beliefs, 1.1% Buddhist, 0.3% New Age, and 7.3% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 36.4%, and 6.5% of people did not answer the census question.

Of those at least 15 years old, 4,662 (19.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 11,034 (46.3%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 8,151 (34.2%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $41,600, compared with $41,500 nationally. 1,683 people (7.1%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 12,699 (53.3%) people were employed full-time, 2,238 (9.4%) were part-time, and 1,350 (5.7%) were unemployed.{{Cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs[0]=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_008&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=hq011%2Bhq010%2Bhq009%2Bhq008%2Bhq007%2Bhq006%2Bhq005%2Bhq004%2Bhq003%2Bhq002%2Bhq001%2Bhq000%2Bws1%2Bsp99%2Bra80%2Bra08%2Bra07%2Bra06%2Bra05%2Bra01%2Bra04%2Bra03%2Bra02%2Bra00%2Brb1%2Bls66%2Bls03%2Bls02%2Bls05%2Bls04%2Bls01%2Beg6%2Beg5%2Beg4%2Beg3%2Beg2%2Beg1%2BbiTotal%2Bbi0%2Bbi1%2BasTotalLG%2Bas4%2Bas3%2Bas2%2Bas1%2Bws4%2Bws3%2Bws2%2Bge3%2Bge2%2Bge1%2Brc%2BasMed%2BegTotal%2BlsTotal%2BgeTotal%2BrbTotal%2BraTotal%2BhqTotal%2BibTotal%2Bib7%2Bibmed%2BwsTotal.52200.2013%2B2018%2B2023&to[TIME]=false&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_IND_003&ly[cl]=CEN23_YEAR_001|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses|at=Papakura (52200)}}

Papakura High School is a secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|101|y}}.{{TKI|101|Papakura High School}} The school was established in 1954.{{cite web|url=https://www.papakurahigh.school.nz/about-us|title=About Papakura High School|publisher=Papakura High School|access-date=21 September 2020}} In 2020, Māori students were 59% of the roll and Pacific Islands students were 29%.{{cite web|url=https://www.ero.govt.nz/review-reports/papakura-high-school-03-02-2020/|title=Papakura High School - 03/02/2020|publisher=Education Review Office|date=3 February 2020}} Papakura Intermediate is an intermediate school (years 7–8) with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|1422|y}}.{{TKI|1422|Papakura Intermediatel}} The school opened in 1962. From 2000 to 2017 it was called Mansell Senior School.{{Cite web|url=http://www.papakuraintermediate.school.nz/our-school/our-story/|title=Our Journey|publisher=Papakura Intermediate|access-date=21 September 2020}} In 2018, Māori students were 74% of the roll and Pacific Islands students were 22%.{{cite web|url=https://www.ero.govt.nz/review-reports/papakura-intermediate-09-03-2018//|title=Papakura Intermediate - 09/03/2018|publisher=Education Review Office|date=9 March 2018}}

Papakura Normal School and Edmund Hillary School are full primary schools (years 1–8) with rolls of {{NZ school roll data|1423|y}} and {{NZ school roll data|1267|y}} students, respectively.{{TKI|1423|Papakura Normal School}}{{TKI|1267|Edmund Hillary School}} Papakura Normal opened as Papakura North School in 1953, and changed to its current name when it affiliated to Ardmore Teachers College in 1958.{{Cite web|url=https://www.papnormal.school.nz/about-us|title=Welcome|publisher=Papakura Normal School|access-date=21 September 2020}} Edmund Hillary opened in 1963. Its name pays tribute to the mountaineer.{{cite web|url=https://www.edmundhillary.school.nz/about-us/our-history|title=Our History|publisher=Edmund Hillary School|access-date=21 September 2020}}

Papakura Central School, Kelvin Road School and Cosgrove School are contributing primary schools (years 1–6) with rolls of {{NZ school roll data|1421|y}}, {{NZ school roll data|1332|y}} and {{NZ school roll data|1257|y}} students, respectively.{{TKI|1421|Papakura Central School}}{{TKI|1332|Kelvin Road School}}{{TKI|1257|Cosgrove School}} Papakura Central traces its origins back to 1876.{{cite web|url=https://www.papakura-central.school.nz/our-history|title=The History of Papakura Central School|publisher=Papakura Central School|access-date=21 September 2020}} Kelvin Road opened in 1968.{{Cite web|url=https://kelvinroadschool.blogspot.com/2018/10/?m=0|title=50 Year Jubilee Celebrations|publisher=Kelvin Road School|date=27 October 2018}} Cosgrove opened in 1959.{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/view/cosgroveschool17/home|title=Cosgrove Primary School|publisher=Cosgrove School|access-date=21 September 2020}}

All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of {{NZ school roll data|||y|y||.}}

File:Village and Town District of Papakura (1882).jpg

Road boards were the first local government in South Auckland in the 1860s, which were established across the Auckland Province due to a lack of central government funding for road improvements.{{Cite web| title = Previous Local Government Agencies |url=http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/CityArchives/DigitalExhibitions/Articles/road_boards/road_boards.htm | publisher = Auckland Council| access-date = 4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128054913/http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/CityArchives/DigitalExhibitions/Articles/road_boards/road_boards.htm#prettyPhoto |archive-date=28 January 2022}} The Hunua Highway Board was established in 1867, and in 1886 Papakura became a part of the Opaheke North Road Board.{{cite report|url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage/archives/docscouncilarchives/franklin-manukau-papakura-archives.pdf |title=Manukau, Papakura and Franklin Archives |first=Bruce |last=Ringer |date=December 2009 |publisher=Auckland Council |access-date=23 February 2024}}

In 1876, the Manukau County was established as the local government for South Auckland.{{sfn|Bloomfield|1973|pp=56-57}} In 1881, the Town District Act allowed communities of more than 50 households to amalgamate into a town district. Large town districts were able to form boroughs, which had their own councils and a greater lending power.{{cite book |last1=Reidy |first1=Jade |chapter=How the West Was Run |editor-last1=Macdonald |editor-first1=Finlay |editor-link1=Finlay Macdonald (editor) |editor-last2=Kerr |editor-first2=Ruth |title=West: The History of Waitakere |publisher=Random House |date=2009 |isbn=9781869790080 |pages=238}} On 17 August 1882, Papakura became a town district within the Manukau County.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=8}} On 1 April 1938, Papakura had grown in population enough that the town became independent from the Manukau County, becoming Papakura Borough.{{sfn|Smith|2016|pp=10}} The boroughs boundaries were expanded in 1962 ({{cvt|12|acre}}) and 1966 ({{cvt|1,300|acre}}, 500 residents) from part of Franklin County.{{sfn|Bloomfield|1973|p=113}}

In the early 1960s, a movement began to amalgamate the various town and borough councils in South Auckland into a single city,{{cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19620912.2.54 |via=Papers Past |title=Request For City Status |newspaper=The Press |volume=CI |issue=29925 |date=12 September 1962 |page=7}} which became known as the Manukau City. Papakura did not become a part of this amalgamation. On 1 January 1975, growth in the area led the Borough of Papakura to become Papakura City.{{sfn|Bloomfield|1973|pp=108-116}} With the local government reforms in 1989, Papakura City was dissolved, becoming Papakura District.{{cite web|title=Auckland region - Government, education and health |first=Margaret |last=McClure |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/auckland-region/page-15 |website=Te Ara |date=1 August 2016 |access-date=4 November 2021}}

On 1 November 2010, the local government authorities of the Auckland Region were merged with the surrounding areas of Auckland to form a single local government area, managed by the Auckland Council as a unitary authority.{{Cite journal| doi = 10.26686/pq.v11i4.4572| issn = 2324-1101| volume = 11| issue = 4| last = Blakeley| first = Roger| title = The planning framework for Auckland 'super city': an insider's view| journal = Policy Quarterly| date = 2015| doi-access = free}} The Papakura Local Board was established as a part of these reforms, which administers the Papakura local board area, an area with similar boundaries as the former Papakura District. Papakura is a part of the Manurewa-Papakura ward, an area that elects two councillors to the Auckland Council.

File:George Hawkins QSO (cropped).jpg served as the last Mayor of Papakura City from 1983–1989, and the first Mayor of Papakura District from 1989–1992]]

{{main|Mayor of Papakura}}

Papakura has had 10 people serve as mayor between 1938 and 2010, variously as the Mayor of Papakura Borough, Mayor of Papakura City and Mayor of Papakura District.{{cite web |url=http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?BU=http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/CityArchives/DigitalExhibitions/elected_rep_timeline/timeline.htm&QF0=SuffrageExhibition&QI0=N&MR=5000&TN=terms_served&RF=Gallery+View&DL=0&RL=0&NP=4&MF=archives_ww1_msg.ini&AC=QBE_QUERY |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110001332/http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?BU=http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/CityArchives/DigitalExhibitions/elected_rep_timeline/timeline.htm&QF0=SuffrageExhibition&QI0=N&MR=5000&TN=terms_served&RF=Gallery+View&DL=0&RL=0&NP=4&MF=archives_ww1_msg.ini&AC=QBE_QUERY |archive-date=10 January 2022 |title=Timeline of Auckland Mayors: An Online Exhibition |publisher=Auckland Council Archives |access-date=6 December 2023}}

• 1938–1947 Samuel Evans
• 1947–1953 Edward ('Ted') A. J. Busing
• 1953–1966 Isaac ('Ike') Grundy Mack
• 1966–1975 Archibald J. Campbell

• 1975–1977 Archibald J. Campbell
• 1977–1983 Jack Farrell
• 1983–1989 George Hawkins

• 1989–1992 George Hawkins
• 1992–2000 David Hawkins
• 2000–2004 David Buist
• 2004–2007 John Robertson
• 2007–2010 Calum Penrose

In addition to the Local Council Chambers, Papakura is served by a large police station (one of Auckland's busiest), a District Court, and a WINZ office. In the Pitcairn sexual assault trial of 2004, the Papakura Courthouse was where the Pitcairn Supreme Court sat to hear the case.

Papakura once served a large military population, but now only the SAS special forces are based at Papakura.{{cite web| url=http://www.nzdf.mil.nz/at-a-glance/forces-and-locations.htm | title=Forces and Locations |access-date=19 August 2006 |publisher=New Zealand Defence Force}} Nearby houses were originally Army Homes, but are now in private hands. The army base was made much smaller in the 2010s and become a residential area for a large number of modern houses, both detached and terraced. The subdivision is called McLennan Housing Development next to McLennan Park, home of Papakura Football Club. McLennan being the name of the farming brothers that first settled in the area from Scotland.{{Cite web|title=About {{!}} McLennan|url=https://mclennan.co.nz/about/|access-date=2021-08-30|website=mclennan.co.nz|language=en-NZ}}

File:Papakura railway station in 2013.jpg, viewed from Clevedon Road]]

State Highway 1 and the North Island Main Trunk railway run through the Papakura District. State Highway 1 ran down Great South Road through central Papakura until 1965, when it was bypassed by the Auckland Southern Motorway.{{cite web |url= http://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/auckland-motorways/docs/2008.pdf |title= Auckland Motorways 2008 |work= New Zealand Transport Agency |access-date= 3 February 2017}} In 2021, the Southern Path, a cycling and walking path linking Takanini to Karaka adjacent to the Southern Motorway was opened.{{Cite web |date=2021-07-28 |title=Active: Southern Path's picturesque harbour views |url=https://constructionnews.co.nz/2021/07/28/active-southern-paths-picturesque-harbour-views/ |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=New Zealand Construction News}}

Public transport is provided by train and bus services, with frequent trains on the Southern Line between Papakura and the Auckland City Centre (Waitematā). Recent investment has focused on upgrading and refurbishing the region's trains and suburban railway stations, most recently with the opening of a modern station facility at the town centre. Papakura is the final stop for most southbound public transport in Auckland, and Papakura is the third busiest station on the rail network. Drawn by frequent services into and out of the city, rail commuters come from Papakura itself, Franklin and the northern Waikato. Though the motorway and Great South Road flow relatively freely at peak times, road commuters are affected by the acute traffic congestion as they get closer to metropolitan Auckland.

Since 2021, Papakura has been a stop for the Te Huia regional train service between Hamilton and Auckland.{{Cite news|title='Standing room only': Te Huia 'jam-packed' on first Saturday service, would-be passengers left behind|language=en|work=Newshub|url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2021/04/standing-room-only-te-huia-jam-packed-on-first-saturday-service-would-be-passengers-left-behind.html|access-date=18 April 2021|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418212444/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2021/04/standing-room-only-te-huia-jam-packed-on-first-saturday-service-would-be-passengers-left-behind.html|url-status=dead}}

Some notable sports facilities include an indoor-outdoor swimming pool, an international-quality athletics track, a sports stadium, and venues for rugby, netball, cricket, golf, tennis, badminton, soccer, and many other sports. The council also operates a library and a theatre. Papakura also has a number of skate parks, and a skate bowl.

Papakura is home to association football club Papakura City, who compete in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 2, rugby union club Papakura RFC who are members of the Counties Manukau Rugby Union, rugby league club Papakura Sea Eagles, who compete in the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial competition (division 1), and Papakura Cricket Club who compete in the Counties Manukau Cricket Association competition. Papakura and the surrounding area is represented by the Counties Manukau Steelers in first-class rugby union and Northern Districts in first-class cricket.

The Papakura Museum showcases the area's local history.{{cite web |title=Papakura Museum |url=http://www.papakuramuseum.org.nz |publisher=Papakura Museum}}{{cite web |title=Papakura Museum on NZ Museums |url=https://www.nzmuseums.co.nz/collections/3296/papakura-museum |website=nzmuseums.co.nz |publisher=Te Papa}} It opened in 1972.{{Cite book |last=Deeming |first=Wendy |title=Papakura Museum: 50 Years |publisher=Papakura and Districts Historical Society |date=August 2022}}

File:Selwyn Chapel (Anglican).jpg

File:Unity sculpture IMG-20240219-WA0000.jpg

• Accent Point Building, which houses the Papakura Museum, Sir Edmund Hillary Library and Elim Christian Centre.
• Christ Church (Anglican) established in 1862 with Selwyn Chapel.{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Heritage New Zealand |url=https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/693/Selwyn%20Chapel%20(Anglican) |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Welcome to Heritage New Zealand |language=en}}
• Cumulus Pavilion (2009), a sculpture and outdoor stage by artist Sara Hughes in Central Park, Papakura{{cite web|url=https://www.aucklandpublicart.com/search?artwork=3435 |title=Cumulus Pavilion |website=Auckland Public Art |access-date=23 February 2024}}
• Kirks Bush, an area of remnant native forest.
• Papakura-Karaka War Memorial, a World War I memorial statue dedicated to fallen soldiers of the Papakura and Karaka areas
• Papakura Military Camp, army base established in 1939
• Prince Edward Park, a sports venue in Papakura
• Unity, a 2001 sculpture in the Papakura town centre, created by John Tohia and Papakura youth{{cite news|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/taggers-turn-talents-to-art/KUST5Y4XORLWL6BIV6GBNI5QZY/ |title=Taggers turn talents to art |first=Wayne|last=Thompson |date=13 July 2001 |website=The New Zealand Herald |access-date=23 February 2024}}

{{main category|People from Papakura}}

• Fleur Adcock – Poet
• John Afoa - Rugby union player, All Black
• Sir Edmund Hillary - Mountaineer and explorer
• Katrina Grant – Southern Steel and Silver Ferns netballer
• Lance Hamilton – International cricketer
• George Hawkins – Politician, Member of Parliament
• Jerome Kaino - Rugby union player, All Black
• Keven Mealamu – Rugby union player, All Black
• Reg Mombassa – Artist and musician
• P-Money – Hip-hop DJ
• Blair Pocock – International cricketer
• Kieran Read – Rugby union player, All Black
• Joe Rokocoko – Rugby union player, All Black
• David Sabine – Cricketer
• Kimberley Smith – Long-distance runner
• Mike Thackwell – Racing driver
• John Walker – Middle-distance runner, Olympic gold medallist

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=Bloomfield |first1=G.T. |title=The Evolution of Local Government Areas in Metropolitan Auckland, 1840–1971 |publisher=Auckland University Press, Oxford University Press |date=1973 |isbn=0-19-647714-X}}
• {{cite book |last1=Mackintosh |first1=Lucy |author-link1=Lucy Mackintosh (historian) |title=Shifting Grounds: Deep Histories of Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland |publisher=Bridget Williams Books |date=2021 |isbn=978-1-988587-33-2 |doi=10.7810/9781988587332}}
• {{cite book|last=Smith |first=Michelle Ann |title='Open All Hours': Main Street Papakura c. 1865–c.1938 |isbn=978-0-473-36174-7 |location=Papakura |publisher=Papakura and Districts Historical Society |year=2016 |edition=2nd}}

• {{cite book|last=Clarke |first=Ernest |title=Papakura: Town Growing Up |isbn=0-473-02119-6 |location=Papakura |publisher=Papakura and Districts Historical Society |year=1993 |edition=2nd}}
• {{cite book|last=Craig |first=E. W. G. |title=Breakwater Against the Tide: a History of Papakura City and Districts |isbn=9780908596171 |location=Papakura |publisher=Papakura and Districts Historical Society |year=1982}}

• [https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/photos/search/searchterm/Papakura Photographs of Papakura] held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections.

{{Papakura Local Board Area}}

Category:1846 establishments in New Zealand

Category:Populated places around the Manukau Harbour

Category:Populated places established in 1846

Category:Suburbs of Auckland

Category:Papakura Local Board Area