Newark, Ohio

File:Newark Earthworks mound 2.jpg mound, Hopewell culture, 100 AD-500 AD]]

Cultures of indigenous peoples lived along the river valleys for thousands of years before European contact. From more than two thousand years ago, 100 AD to 500 AD, people of the Hopewell culture transformed the area of Newark and Heath. They built many earthen mounds and enclosures, creating the single largest earthwork complex in the Ohio River Valley. The Newark Earthworks, designated a National Historic Landmark, have been preserved to document and interpret the area's significant ancient history. The earthworks cover several square miles and about 206 acres. This is operated as a state park by the Ohio History Connection.{{cite news|url=https://www.ohiohistory.org/visit/museum-and-site-locator/newark-earthworks|title=History|website=Ohio History Connection|date=2016|access-date=9 September 2016}}

The Observatory Mound, Observatory Circle, and the interconnected Octagon earthworks span nearly {{convert|3000|ft|m}} in length. The Octagon alone is large enough to contain four Roman Coliseums. The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt would fit precisely within Observatory Circle. The even larger {{convert|1180|ft|m|adj=on}}-diameter Newark Great Circle, located in Heath, is the largest circular earthwork in the Americas. The {{convert|8|ft|m}}-high walls surround a {{convert|5|ft|m}}-deep moat. At the entrance, the walls and moat are of greater and more impressive dimensions. {{Citation needed|date=September 2018}}

Contemporary archaeogeodesy and archaeoastronomy researchers have demonstrated that the Hopewell and other prehistoric cultures had advanced scientific understandings which they used to create their earthworks for astronomical observations, markings and celebrations. Researchers analyzed the placements, alignments, dimensions, and site-to-site interrelationships of the Hopewell earthworks to understand what had been done. Today, the Ohio Historical Society preserves the Great Circle Earthworks in a public park near downtown Newark, called Mound Builders Park (or the Newark Earthworks) located at 99 Cooper Ave, Newark, Ohio. The area of the Octagon Earthworks had been leased to a country club, but new arrangements in 1997 provided for more public access to it. Beginning in January 2025, the Octagon Earthworks have now been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site{{cite web |title=Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1689/ |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=13 February 2025}}{{cite web |title=Discover the Awe-Inspiring Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks |url=https://hopewellearthworks.org/ |website=hopewellearthworks.org |publisher=Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks |access-date=13 February 2025}} and is open to full public access. Later American Indian tribes inhabiting the area at the time of European contact were distant descendants of the Hopewell peoples. {{Citation needed|date=September 2018}}

File:Pennsylvania Railway Station Newark Ohio.JPG station]] After exploration by traders and trappers in earlier centuries, the first European-American settlers arrived in 1802, led by Gen. William C. Schenck. He named the new village after his New Jersey hometown.

Nineteenth-century investment in infrastructure resulted in growth in the town after it was linked to major transportation and trade networks. On July 4, 1825, Governors Clinton of New York and Morrow of Ohio dug the first shovelfuls of dirt for the Ohio and Erie Canal project, at the Licking Summit near Newark, Ohio. On April 11, 1855, Newark became a stop along the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad that was built to connect Pittsburgh to Chicago and St. Louis. On April 16, 1857, the Central Ohio Railroad connected Newark west to Columbus, and later Newark maintained a station on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

The Heisey Glass Company started in Newark in 1895. The factory operated there for 62 years, until the company's demise in 1957 due to changing tastes. The National Heisey Glass Museum, operated by the Heisey Collectors of America, Inc., is located on Sixth Street in Newark.

In 1909, The Arcade was opened. Modeled after innovative European retail buildings, it became one of Newark's first successful retail emporiums. Later versions of buildings that contained a variety of shops indoors became known as shopping malls. At {{convert|60000|sqft|m2}}, the Arcade is one-third the size of an average modern Wal-Mart.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|21.37|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|20.88|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.49|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=2013-01-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archive-date=2012-01-25}} Newark is located at {{coord|40|3|47|N|82|25|0|W|type:city}} (40.063014, −82.416779).{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}

{{Weather box

| location = Newark, Ohio (1991–2020 normals and extremes 1934–present)

| single line = Y

| Jan record high F = 76

| Feb record high F = 77

| Mar record high F = 85

| Apr record high F = 90

| May record high F = 95

| Jun record high F = 101

| Jul record high F = 106

| Aug record high F = 42

| Sep record high F = 103

| Oct record high F = 90

| Nov record high F = 81

| Dec record high F = 112

| year record high F = 106

| Jan avg record high F = 60.4

| Feb avg record high F = 63.0

| Mar avg record high F = 72.1

| Apr avg record high F = 81.2

| May avg record high F = 86.7

| Jun avg record high F = 92.1

| Jul avg record high F = 92.5

| Aug avg record high F = 91.6

| Sep avg record high F = 88.6

| Oct avg record high F = 81.2

| Nov avg record high F = 70.4

| Dec avg record high F = 61.4

| year avg record high F = 93.7

| Jan high F = 36.4

| Feb high F = 39.6

| Mar high F = 49.7

| Apr high F = 62.8

| May high F = 72.7

| Jun high F = 81.1

| Jul high F = 84.3

| Aug high F = 82.8

| Sep high F = 76.3

| Oct high F = 64.4

| Nov high F = 51.7

| Dec high F = 40.7

| year high F = 61.9

| Jan mean F = 27.3

| Feb mean F = 29.7

| Mar mean F = 38.6

| Apr mean F = 49.9

| May mean F = 60.2

| Jun mean F = 69.1

| Jul mean F = 72.6

| Aug mean F = 71.0

| Sep mean F = 63.9

| Oct mean F = 52.2

| Nov mean F = 41.1

| Dec mean F = 32.2

| year mean F = 50.7

| Jan low F = 18.2

| Feb low F = 19.7

| Mar low F = 27.4

| Apr low F = 37.1

| May low F = 47.7

| Jun low F = 57.1

| Jul low F = 60.9

| Aug low F = 59.1

| Sep low F = 51.5

| Oct low F = 40.0

| Nov low F = 30.5

| Dec low F = 23.7

| year low F = 39.4

| Jan avg record low F = -2.1

| Feb avg record low F = 2.8

| Mar avg record low F = 12.0

| Apr avg record low F = 24.3

| May avg record low F = 34.8

| Jun avg record low F = 44.9

| Jul avg record low F = 51.5

| Aug avg record low F = 49.9

| Sep avg record low F = 39.3

| Oct avg record low F = 28.2

| Nov avg record low F = 17.8

| Dec avg record low F = 8.1

| year avg record low F = -4.7

| Jan record low F = −24

| Feb record low F = −26

| Mar record low F = −7

| Apr record low F = 12

| May record low F = 23

| Jun record low F = 32

| Jul record low F = 41

| Aug record low F = 38

| Sep record low F = 25

| Oct record low F = 14

| Nov record low F = −4

| Dec record low F = −21

| year record low F = −26

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation inch = 3.21

| Feb precipitation inch = 2.56

| Mar precipitation inch = 3.61

| Apr precipitation inch = 4.01

| May precipitation inch = 4.24

| Jun precipitation inch = 4.69

| Jul precipitation inch = 4.56

| Aug precipitation inch = 3.89

| Sep precipitation inch = 3.24

| Oct precipitation inch = 3.11

| Nov precipitation inch = 2.99

| Dec precipitation inch = 3.29

| year precipitation inch = 43.40

| Jan snow inch = 7.2

| Feb snow inch = 3.9

| Mar snow inch = 2.2

| Apr snow inch = 0.1

| May snow inch = 0.0

| Jun snow inch = 0.0

| Jul snow inch = 0.0

| Aug snow inch = 0.0

| Sep snow inch = 0.0

| Oct snow inch = 0.0

| Nov snow inch = 0.2

| Dec snow inch = 1.6

| year snow inch = 15.2

| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in

| Jan precipitation days = 12.7

| Feb precipitation days = 10.4

| Mar precipitation days = 10.8

| Apr precipitation days = 12.5

| May precipitation days = 12.8

| Jun precipitation days = 11.3

| Jul precipitation days = 11.4

| Aug precipitation days = 10.3

| Sep precipitation days = 8.8

| Oct precipitation days = 10.1

| Nov precipitation days = 10.2

| Dec precipitation days = 11.8

| year precipitation days = 133.1

| unit snow days = 0.1 in

| Jan snow days = 3.9

| Feb snow days = 3.3

| Mar snow days = 1.2

| Apr snow days = 0.1

| May snow days = 0.0

| Jun snow days = 0.0

| Jul snow days = 0.0

| Aug snow days = 13

| Sep snow days = 0.0

| Oct snow days = 0.0

| Nov snow days = 0.3

| Dec snow days = 1.9

| year snow days = 10.7

| source 1 = NOAA

{{cite web

| url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=iln

| title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data

| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

| access-date = May 9, 2021}}

{{cite web

| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00335747&format=pdf

| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

| title = Station: Newark WTR WKS, OH

| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020)

| access-date = May 9, 2021}}

| source =

}}

{{US Census population

|1810= 232

|1820= 410

|1830= 999

|1840= 2705

|1850= 3654

|1860= 4675

|1870= 6698

|1880= 9600

|1890= 14270

|1900= 18157

|1910= 25404

|1920= 26718

|1930= 30596

|1940= 31487

|1950= 34275

|1960= 41790

|1970= 41836

|1980= 41162

|1990= 44389

|2000= 46279

|2010= 47573

|2020= 49934

|footnote=Sources:{{cite web|title=Number of Inhabitants: Ohio|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/37749282v1p37_ch02.pdf|date=1960|work=18th Census of the United States|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=17 May 2020}}{{cite web|title=Ohio: Population and Housing Unit Counts|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-37.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=17 May 2020}}

}}

https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newarkcityohio,OH/PST045219 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}

In terms of population, Newark, Ohio is the second-largest Newark in the United States, after Newark, New Jersey. Newark, Ohio is part of the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area. The median income for a household in the city was $52,570, with 16.8% of the population below the poverty line.[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newarkcityohio/PST045221 Quick facts. Newark City Ohio]

As of the census{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=2013-01-06}} of 2010, there were 47,573 people, 19,840 households, and 12,057 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2278.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 21,976 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1052.5|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 92.8% White, 3.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 19,840 households, of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.2% were non-families. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age in the city was 37.3 years. Twenty-four percent of residents were under the age of 18; 9.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 26% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.8% male and 52.2% female.

File:LSNewarkBank0.jpg|Home Savings Association Bank, Louis Sullivan, architect

File:NewarkOH MidlandTheater.jpg|The Midland Theatre on Courthouse Square

File:Shields Block Newark.JPG|Shields Block

File:Sculpture, Thomas Evans Bike Trail, Newark, Ohio.jpg|Family Outing, sculpture by Gary Lee Price, Thomas Evans Bike Trail, west of downtown

File:Upham-Wright House.JPG|Upham-Wright House

File:HudsonAvenueHistoricDistrict.jpg|Home in the Hudson Avenue Historic District

File:Cedar Hill Cemetery Buildings.JPG|Cedar Hill Cemetery

File:Dawes Arboretum - DSC02895.JPG|Nearby Dawes Arboretum south of Newark

Image:Newark-ohio-longaberger-headquarters-front.jpg former corporate headquarters]]

Newark is the site of several major manufacturers. Holophane, founded in 1898, is one of the world's oldest manufacturers of lighting-related products. The main factory of Owens Corning Fiberglas is also located in Newark. State Farm Insurance has Regional Headquarters here. The Park National Bank Corporation is headquartered in downtown Newark.

File:Heisey Uranium Milk Glass Souvenir Cup from Hansboro, North Dakota.jpg made in Newark]]

Several industrial parks have been developed and house such major companies as Kaiser Aluminum, Dow Chemical Company, General Electric, Covestro, Boeing, THK, Harry & David, Communicolor, Diebold, Anomatic, International Paper, and Tamarack Farms Dairy. Longaberger, a major basket-maker, had their new corporate headquarters in Newark designed as a gigantic "medium market basket," their most popular model.

The main shopping center in the area is the Indian Mound Mall, located in nearby Heath. The mall is named for the internationally known, ancient complex called the Newark Earthworks, built 2,000 years ago by the Hopewell culture of central Ohio.{{Cite web|url=https://stateparks.com/great_circle_earthworks_in_ohio.html|title=Great Circle Earthworks|first=T.|last=Walker|website=State Parks|accessdate=26 March 2023}} It is a National Historic Landmark and major elements of the earthworks are located less than a mile away from the shopping mall named for them.

File:McGuffey Elementary School, Newark.jpg, used also as West Main Intermediate]]

Newark City School District serves the city of Newark. Newark High School's enrollment is approximately 1,400 students, and competes at the OHSAA D1 level. Newark High School has a storied tradition in Academics and Sports, as well as Performing Arts. Newark High School has won 4 OHSAA Basketball titles (36', 38', 43', 08') and 3 AP Football titles. The Pride of Newark Marching Band has made an unprecedented 42 consecutive years to the OMEA state finals. The Pride has earned a superior rating at State Marching Band finals 31 years, including 4 straight seasons (2015, ‘16, ‘17, ‘18). The Newark High School Sinfonia, under the direction of Susan Larson, tied for first runner-up at the National Orchestra Cup in New York City on April 5, 2009. The Sinfonia was featured in a front-page article of the April 14, 2009, edition of The New York Times, and received an invitation to the White House in the fall of 2009.

A regional campus of Ohio State University is also located in the city. The Ohio State University at Newark, founded in 1957, schools over 2,800 students and is the most diverse campus in the Ohio State system. Today, the campus features eleven buildings, including a recreation center and two residence halls. It offers Associate of Arts degrees, as well as Bachelor of Arts degrees in seven majors and master's degrees in education and social work. It also serves as a doorway to over 200 majors on the Ohio State University campus in Columbus. The Newark Campus shares its facilities with a two-year technical college, COTC (Central Ohio Technical College). It serves some 3,000 other students in 45 certificate and associate degree programs.

Newark is also home to a number of private religious schools, including St. Francis de Sales School, Blessed Sacrament School and Newark Catholic High School.

C-TEC (Career and Technology Education Centers of Licking County) offers high school and adult programs.

Newark's public library has two branches that are located within Newark and they are a part of the Licking County Library System.{{cite web | url=https://www.lickingcountylibrary.info/hrsloc | title=Hours & Locations | publisher=Licking County Library System | access-date=26 February 2018}}

Licking County Transit provides demand-response and deviated fixed route transit service in the region.{{Cite web| title = Licking County - Public Transportation| access-date = 2018-10-22| url = https://www.lcounty.com/depts/public/default.htm}}{{cite web|url=https://lickingcounty.gov/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=109586|title=Deviated Fixed Route Guide|access-date=August 30, 2023}} GoBus' Columbus-Wooster route provides service to Newark.

• Roman Atwood, Youtube personality
• Gary A. Braunbeck, horror author
• John J. Brice, United States Navy officer and United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries (1896–1898)
• John Clem, one of the youngest soldiers in United States Army
• Mike Collins, football player for NFL's Detroit Lions and St. Louis Rams
• Katharine Coman, economic historian, professor at Wellesley College; credited with developing the field of industrial history
• Woody English, MLB player for Chicago Cubs
• Jon Hendricks, jazz singer
• Derek Holland, MLB starting pitcher for San Francisco Giants, Chicago White Sox, Texas Rangers, Detroit Tigers
• Rob Kelly, five-year NFL pro with the New Orleans Saints and New England Patriots
• Roman Mars, host and producer of 99% Invisible
• Andy Merrill, the voice of Brak
• Jerrie Mock, first woman to fly solo around the world
• Henrietta G. Moore, Universalist minister, educator, temperance activist, suffragist
• Bruce Mozert, photographer
• Wayne Newton, singer, actor, Las Vegas Strip entertainer; raised in Newark
• Kathi Norris, writer and television presenter
• Henry Putnam, Wisconsin state senator
• Edward James Roye, 5th President of Liberia{{cite book |last1=Dunn|first1= Elwood D.|last2=Beyan|first2=Amos J.|last3=Burrowes|first3=Carl Patrick|date=2000|title=Historical Dictionary of Liberia |trans-title=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC|language=English |location= |isbn=9781461659310|page=284|publisher= Scarecrow Press}}
• Fred Schaus, Hall of Fame head coach of NBA's Los Angeles Lakers, Purdue and West Virginia
• Marshall Sprague, journalist
• William Stanbery, U.S. Congressman
• G. David Thompson, investment banker, industrialist, and modern art collector{{cite web|title=Thompson, G. David|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/research/leonard-lauder-research-center/programs-and-resources/index-of-cubist-art-collectors/thompson|website=MetMuseum|access-date=25 September 2015}}
• Jim Tyrer, professional football player for Kansas City Chiefs and Washington Redskins
• Jeff Uhlenhake, 12-year NFL pro with Miami Dolphins, Washington Redskins and New Orleans Saints
• Geoffrey C. Ward, historian and writer
• Clarence Hudson White, early photographer, member of modernist "Photo Secessionist" group
• Michael Z. Williamson, science fiction author
• Charles R. Woods, Civil War general
• William Burnham Woods, U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice

• Newark Earthworks
• Blackhand Gorge State Nature Preserve
• Dawes Arboretum
• Home Building Association Bank
• Flint Ridge State Memorial
• Roper (company)

{{reflist}}

• Smucker, Isaac (1807-1894): Recollections of Newark, Ohio Archæological and Historical Society Publications: Volume 20 [1911], pp. 240–247.

{{EB1911 poster|Newark (Ohio)|Newark, Ohio}}

• [http://www.newarkohio.net/ City of Newark, Ohio]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20051124202448/http://www.newarkohioonline.com/ Community resource website for Newark, Ohio]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090105183019/http://newarkcampus.org/ OSU-Newark and COTC]
• {{Wikivoyage inline|Newark (Ohio)|Newark}}

{{Licking County, Ohio}}

{{Ohio}}

{{Great Lakes Megalopolis}}

{{Ohio county seats}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities in Ohio

Category:Cities in Licking County, Ohio

Category:County seats in Ohio

Category:Populated places established in 1802

Category:1802 establishments in the Northwest Territory