Nicholas Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford

After attending Latymer Upper School,{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} Stern studied the Mathematical Tripos and was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree in maths at Peterhouse, Cambridge in 1967.{{Cite web|last=Munro|first=Ann|date=2007|title=Petrean News|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/nominations/cv/cv_jim_skea.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Peterhouse Cambridge|archive-date=13 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613001251/http://www.ipcc.ch/nominations/cv/cv_jim_skea.pdf}} In 1971, his DPhil in economics at Nuffield College, Oxford, with thesis on the rate of economic development and the theory of optimum planning,{{cite thesis|degree=DPhilEcon|publisher=University of Oxford|title=Location and the rate of development. A study in the theory of optimum planning|first=Nicholas Herbert|last=Stern|date=1971|url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.473827|oclc=500571870|access-date=29 July 2016|archive-date=18 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818083256/http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.473827|url-status=live}} was supervised by James Mirrlees, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1996.

He was a lecturer at the University of Oxford from 1970 to 1977{{Scopus|7103384515}}{{cite journal|last1=Atkinson|first1=A. B.|last2=Stern|first2=Nicholas Herbert|title=Pigou, Taxation and Public Goods|journal=The Review of Economic Studies|volume=41|issue=1|year=1974|pages=119|doi=10.2307/2296403|jstor=2296403}} and served as a professor of economics at the University of Warwick from 1978 to 1987. From 1986 to 1993 he taught at the London School of Economics, becoming the Sir John Hicks Professor of Economics. From 1994 until 1999 he was the Chief Economist and Special Counsellor to the President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. His research focused on economic development and growth, and he also wrote books on Kenya and the Green Revolution in India. Since 1999, he has been a member of the International Advisory Council of the Center for Social and Economic Research (CASE). From 1999 until 2000 Stern was Chairman of the consultancy London Economics founded by John Kay.

From 2000 to 2003 he was the Chief Economist and Senior Vice-president of the World Bank. Stern was then recruited by Gordon Brown, then Chancellor of the Exchequer, to work for the British government where, in 2003, he became second permanent secretary at HM Treasury, initially with responsibility for public finances, and head of the Government Economic Service. Having also been Director of Policy and Research for the Commission for Africa, in July 2005 he was appointed to conduct reviews on the economics of climate change and also of development, which led to the publication of the Stern Review. At the time, he ceased to be a second permanent secretary at the Treasury, though he retained the rank until retirement in 2007; the review team he headed was based in the Cabinet Office. It was reported that Stern's time at the Treasury was marked by tensions with his boss, Gordon Brown:{{cite news

|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article1321147.ece

|date=8 December 2006

|title=Climate change author quits Treasury after Brown freezes him out

|newspaper=Times Online

|author=Hurst, G.

|access-date=3 August 2009

|location=London

|archive-date=10 May 2011

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510204545/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article1321147.ece

|url-status=dead

}}

... several Whitehall sources told The Times that Mr Brown did not like some of the advice he received from Sir Nicholas, including some "home truths" about long-term trends in the economy and he never broke into the chancellor's tight-knit inner circle. ... He subsequently lacked a real role and spent most of his time working on major international reports on global warming and alleviating poverty in Africa. His doom-laden report on the risks of failing to address climate change, published in October, caused tensions within the Government by triggering a debate on environmental taxes and leading to calls for big policy changes.

The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change was produced by a team led by Stern at HM Treasury, and was released in October 2006. In the review, climate change is described as an economic externality, which is a type of market failure. Stern has subsequently referred to the climate change externality as the largest ever market failure:

Climate change is a result of the greatest market failure the world has seen. The evidence on the seriousness of the risks from inaction or delayed action is now overwhelming ... The problem of climate change involves a fundamental failure of markets: those who damage others by emitting greenhouse gases generally do not pay{{cite news |author=Alison Benjamin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/nov/29/climatechange.carbonemissions |title=Stern: Climate change a 'market failure' |newspaper=Guardian |date=29 November 2007 |access-date=29 October 2013 |location=London |archive-date=28 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928003342/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/nov/29/climatechange.carbonemissions |url-status=live }}

Regulation, carbon taxes and carbon trading, along with pollution permits and property rights, are recommended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It is argued that the world economy can lower its greenhouse gas emissions at a significant but manageable cost. The review concludes that immediate reductions of greenhouse gas emissions are necessary to reduce the worst risks of climate change. The review's conclusions were widely reported in the press. Stern's relatively large cost estimates of 'business-as-usual' climate change damages received particular attention.{{Cite news

|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6096594.stm

|title=Report's stark warning on climate

|author=Peston, R.

|date=29 October 2006

|publisher=BBC

|access-date=29 October 2006

|archive-date=7 November 2006

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107212301/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6096594.stm

|url-status=live

}}{{Cite news

|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6096084.stm

|title=Climate change fight 'can't wait'

|publisher=BBC

|date=31 October 2006

|access-date=7 April 2010

|archive-date=20 April 2021

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420183030/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6096084.stm

|url-status=live

}} – video, executive summary and slide show. These are the estimated damages that might occur should no further effort be made to cut greenhouse gas emissions.

File:Nicholas Stern - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2009.jpg annual meeting in Davos, January 2009]]

There has been a mixed reaction to the Stern Review from economists. Several economists have been critical of the review,{{cite journal

|author=Tol, R.S.J. and G.Yohe

|year=2006

|title=A Review of the Stern Review

|journal=World Economics

|volume=7

|issue=4

|pages=233–50}}{{cite journal

|author=Nordhaus, W. D.

|author-link=William Nordhaus

|year=2007

|title=A Review of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate

|journal=Journal of Economic Literature

|volume=45

|issue=3

|pages=686–702

|doi=10.1257/jel.45.3.686}} for example, a paper by Byatt et al. (2006) describes the review as "deeply flawed".{{cite journal

|url=http://www.world-economics-journal.com/WEJArticle.asp?Vol=7&Iss=4&Id=261

|author=Byatt, I.

|year=2006

|title=The Stern Review: A Dual Critique, Part II

|journal=World Economics

|volume=7

|issue=4

|display-authors=etal

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205060817/http://www.world-economics-journal.com/WEJArticle.asp?Vol=7&Iss=4&Id=261

|archive-date=5 February 2008

|df=dmy

}} Some have supported the Review,{{cite web

|url=http://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2006/12/do_unto_others.html

|title=Do unto others ...

|author=DeLong, B.

|author-link=Brad DeLong

|access-date=12 June 2010

|archive-date=26 February 2010

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226143340/http://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2006/12/do_unto_others.html

|url-status=live

}}{{cite web

|url = http://johnquiggin.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/12/sternreviewed06121.pdf

|title = Stern and the critics on discounting (unpublised)

|author = Quiggin, J.

|author-link = John Quiggin

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110127222724/http://johnquiggin.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/12/sternreviewed06121.pdf

|archive-date = 27 January 2011

|df = dmy-all

}}

{{cite web

|url=http://gradworks.umi.com/33/53/3353210.html

|title=Climate Change and Discounting

|year=2008

|author=Nihar Shah

|access-date=19 October 2010

|archive-date=11 May 2011

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511172424/http://gradworks.umi.com/33/53/3353210.html

|url-status=live

}} while others have argued that Stern's conclusions are reasonable, even if the method by which he reached them is incorrect.{{cite web

|url=http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic135505.files/Weitzman_Paper.pdf

|title=The Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change

|author=Weitzman, M.

|author-link=Martin Weitzman}} The Stern Review team has responded to criticisms of the review in several papers.{{cite web

|date = 13 March 2008

|url = http://www.occ.gov.uk/activities/stern_additional.htm

|title = Stern Team – Additional papers and Presentations by Lord Stern

|author = UK Office of Climate Change

|access-date = 14 May 2009

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090327170330/http://www.occ.gov.uk/activities/stern_additional.htm

|archive-date = 27 March 2009

|df = dmy-all

}} Stern has also gone on to say that he underestimated the risks of climate change in the Stern Review.{{cite news

|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/apr/18/climatechange.carbonemissions

|date=18 April 2008

|title=I underestimated the threat, says Stern

|work=guardian.co.uk

|author=Adam, D.

|access-date=3 August 2009

|location=London

|archive-date=2 September 2013

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902053621/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/apr/18/climatechange.carbonemissions

|url-status=live

}}

Stern's approach to discounting has been debated amongst economists. The discount rate allows economic effects occurring at different times to be compared. Stern used a discount rate in his calculation of the effects of "business-as-usual" climate change damages. A high discount rate reduces the calculated benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Using too low a discount rate wastes resources because it will result in too much investment in cutting emissions (Arrow et al., 1996, p. 130).{{cite book |date = 1996b

|author = Arrow, K.J.

|title = Intertemporal Equity, Discounting, and Economic Efficiency. In: Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (J.P. Bruce et al. (eds.))

|publisher = This version: Printed by Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. PDF version: Prof. Joseph Stiglitz's web page at Columbia University

|isbn = 978-0-521-56854-8

|format = PDF

|url = https://archive.org/details/climatechange1990000unse_h1m9

|access-date = 11 February 2010

|display-authors = etal

|df = dmy-all

|url-access = registration

}} Too high a discount rate will have the opposite effect, and lead to under-investment in cutting emissions. Most studies on the damages of climate change use a higher discount rate than that used in the Stern Review. Some economists support Stern's choice of discount rate (Cline, 2008;{{cite web

|date=5 January 2008

|title=Comments on the Stern Review

|publisher=Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics

|author=Cline, W.

|url=http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=874

|access-date=20 May 2009

|archive-date=24 December 2009

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224224650/http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=874

|url-status=dead

}} Shah, 2008 Heal, 2008){{cite web

|date = April 2008

|title = Climate economics: A meta-review and some suggestions. NBER Working Paper 13927

|publisher = The National Bureau of Economic Research

|author = Heal, G.

|url = http://www2.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty/gheal/EnvironmentalEconomicsPapers/NBER%20Climate%20paper%2090198-w13927.pdf

|access-date = 20 May 2009

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110515193620/http://www2.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty/gheal/EnvironmentalEconomicsPapers/NBER%20Climate%20paper%2090198-w13927.pdf

|archive-date = 15 May 2011

|df = dmy-all

}} while others are critical (Yohe and Tol, 2008;{{Cite journal

|date=August 2008

|author=Yohe, G.W. and R.S.J. Tol

|title=The Stern Review and the economics of climate change: an editorial essay

|journal=Climatic Change

|publisher=Springer Netherlands

|page=231

|volume=89

|issue=3–4

|doi=10.1007/s10584-008-9431-z

|bibcode=2008ClCh...89..231Y

|s2cid=154546664

|url=https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/3a2633f7-5b5c-49c4-9254-042d2e7616ad

|access-date=30 May 2020

|archive-date=19 December 2021

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219074336/https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/the-stern-review-and-the-economics-of-climate-change-an-editorial

|url-status=live

}} Nordhaus, 2007).{{cite web

|url = http://nordhaus.econ.yale.edu/stern_050307.pdf

|title = The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change

|author = Nordhaus, W.D.

|publisher = Yale University website

|date = 3 May 2007

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091122142013/http://nordhaus.econ.yale.edu/stern_050307.pdf

|archive-date = 22 November 2009

|df = dmy-all

}}

Another criticism of the Stern Review is that it is a political rather than an analytical document. Writing in the Daily Telegraph newspaper, columnist Charles Moore compared the Stern Review to the UK Government's "dodgy dossier" on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction.{{cite news

|date=27 January 2007

|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3636752/Whats-black-and-white-and-green-all-over-Another-dodgy-dossier.html

|title=What's black and white and green all over? Another dodgy dossier

|author=Moore, C.

|publisher=telegraph.co.uk

|access-date=14 May 2009

|location=London

|archive-date=3 April 2009

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403024138/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3636752/Whats-black-and-white-and-green-all-over-Another-dodgy-dossier.html

|url-status=live

}}

In a speech given in 2007 at the Australian National Press Club, Stern called for one per cent of gross global product to be employed in global warming-related environmental measures.{{cite speech | title = National Press Club Address | first = Bob | last = Brown | date = 9 July 2008 | location = National Press Club | url = http://greens.org.au/system/files/Press+Club+Speech+July+2008+FINAL.pdf | format = PDF | access-date = 24 July 2008 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080722025236/http://greens.org.au/system/files/Press+Club+Speech+July+2008+FINAL.pdf | archive-date = 22 July 2008 | df = dmy-all }} He also joined the Cool Earth advisory board. In 2009, Stern linked recovery from the global economic crisis with an effective response to climate change.{{cite web|url=http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Energy_Resources_Materials/Environment/Connecting_climate_change_and_economic_recovery_2303|title=Stern McKinsey Interview|access-date=8 March 2009|archive-date=9 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309204525/http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Energy_Resources_Materials/Environment/Connecting_climate_change_and_economic_recovery_2303|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://greenmodesustainabilitydevelopments.blogspot.com/2009/03/gfc-and-climate-our-biggest-opportunity.html|title=GFC and Climate Change|date=8 March 2009|access-date=8 March 2009|archive-date=11 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511185601/http://greenmodesustainabilitydevelopments.blogspot.com/2009/03/gfc-and-climate-our-biggest-opportunity.html|url-status=live}} His book, Blueprint for a Safer Planet, was published in April 2009.

In June 2007, Stern became the first holder of the I. G. Patel Chair at the London School of Economics.{{cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2006/NickSternIGPatelNews.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-02-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221181749/https://www.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2006/NickSternIGPatelNews.aspx |archive-date=21 February 2014 |df=dmy }} In 2007, Nicholas Stern joined IDEAglobal as vice-chairman.{{cite web|title=Lord Nicholas Stern|url=http://ideacarbon.com/about-us/advisory-board/Lord-Stern.htm|publisher=IDEAcarbon|access-date=16 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110162710/http://ideacarbon.com/about-us/advisory-board/Lord-Stern.htm|archive-date=10 January 2016|url-status=dead}} In 2008, he was appointed Chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, a major new research centre also at LSE. He is Chair of the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy at Leeds University and LSE. Stern is co-chair of the Global Commission for the Economy and Climate, with Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Paul Polman.{{cite web |url=http://newclimateeconomy.net/about/members-global-commission/ |title=Members of the Global Commission |author= |website=NewClimateEconomy.net |access-date=April 17, 2017 |archive-date=18 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418162215/http://newclimateeconomy.net/about/members-global-commission/ |url-status=live }}

In 2009, he published the non-fiction literary work, The Global Deal: Climate Change and the Creation of a New Era of Progress and Prosperity.{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002U0KOLI |title=The Global Deal: Climate Change and the Creation of a New Era of Progress and Prosperity: Nicholas Stern: Amazon.com: Books |website=Amazon |access-date=4 December 2012 |archive-date=19 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219074328/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002U0KOLI |url-status=live }} The book examines climate change from an economist's perspective, and outlines the necessary steps toward achieving global economic growth while managing climate change. In 2009, he also became a member of the International Advisory Council of the Chinese sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corporation.{{cite web |url=http://www.china-inv.cn/cicen/governance/management_international.html |title=China Investment Corporation |publisher=China-inv.cn |access-date=4 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323220717/http://www.china-inv.cn/cicen/governance/management_international.html |archive-date=23 March 2010 |df=dmy-all }}

Stern is an advocate of vegetarianism as a climate change mitigation element.{{cite news | url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article6891362.ece | location=London | work=The Times | first=Robin | last=Pagnamenta | title=Climate chief Lord Stern give up meat to save the planet | date=27 October 2009 | access-date=1 April 2011 | archive-date=28 February 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228135143/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article6891362.ece | url-status=dead }}

He is a member of the scientific committee of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20110705022413/http://www.fundacionideas.es/en Fundacion IDEAS], Spain's Socialist Party's think tank.

In 2015, he was co-author of the report that launched the Global Apollo Programme, which calls for developed nations to commit to spending 0.02% of their GDP for 10 years, to fund co-ordinated research to make carbon-free baseload electricity less costly than electricity from coal by the year 2025.{{cite news|last1=Carrington|first1=Damian|title=Global Apollo programme seeks to make clean energy cheaper than coal|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/02/apollo-programme-for-clean-energy-needed-to-tackle-climate-change|access-date=2 June 2015|work=The Guardian|issue=2 June 2015|publisher=Guardian News Media|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216031318/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/02/apollo-programme-for-clean-energy-needed-to-tackle-climate-change|url-status=live}}

After the successful United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (mid-December 2015), Stern appeared optimistic, saying, "If we get this right, it will be more powerful than the Industrial Revolution. A green race is going on."{{cite news |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/13/climate-change-deal-agreed-paris |title=How the historic Paris deal over climate change was finally agreed |date=13 December 2015 |first1=John |last1=Vidal |first2=Suzanne |last2=Goldenbert |first3=Lenore |last3=Taylor |access-date=21 July 2019 |archive-date=2 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202013944/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/13/climate-change-deal-agreed-paris |url-status=live }} He also said {{blockquote|Where we can, we have to go to zero carbon, because of a growing population and a rising middle class in developing countries which wants the same standard of living the developed world already enjoys. GHGs must be cut by at least 50% around the world by 2050, with the rich, developed countries cutting by 80%, compared to 1990 levels. We are at the beginning of a technical revolution of the magnitude of the railway, the motor car ... The economic crisis is an opportunity to lay the foundation for the future ... You can tell a very positive story here.Nicholas Stern: climate and economic crises can be tackled jointly, Wind Directions (EWEA), March 2009 pp. 46–47}}

In November 2015 he was commissioned by the UK Minister of Universities and Science, Jo Johnson, to chair a review of the Research Excellence Framework (REF) that is used in assessing the research performance of universities and research institutes in the UK. The report was published in July 2016.{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/541338/ind-16-9-ref-stern-review.pdf|title=Building on Success and Learning from Experience An Independent Review of the Research Excellence Framework|date=July 2016|access-date=13 September 2017|archive-date=27 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027222223/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/541338/ind-16-9-ref-stern-review.pdf|url-status=live}}

In October{{nbsp}}2021, Stern released a working paper stating that economists had grossly undervalued young lives in relation to the climate crisis.{{cite book

| last1 = Stern

| first1 = Nicholas

| title = A time for action on climate change and a time for change in economics — Working paper 370

| date = 26 October 2021

| publisher = Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment

| location = London, United Kingdom

| issn = 2515-5717

| url = https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/working-paper-370-Stern.pdf

| access-date = 2021-10-26

| archive-date = 25 October 2021

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211025233527/https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/working-paper-370-Stern.pdf

| url-status = live

}} The manuscript is due to be published in the Economic Journal of the Royal Economic Society.{{cite news

| last1 = Carrington

| first1 = Damian

| title = Climate crisis: economists 'grossly undervalue young lives', warns Stern

| date = 25 October 2021

| work = The Guardian

| location = London, United Kingdom

| issn = 0261-3077

| url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/26/climate-crisis-economists-grossly-undervalue-young-lives-warns-stern

| access-date = 2021-10-26

| archive-date = 26 October 2021

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211026163351/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/26/climate-crisis-economists-grossly-undervalue-young-lives-warns-stern

| url-status = live

}}

Stern was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1993;The British Academy (2006). [http://www.britac.ac.uk/fellowship/directory/archive.asp?fellowsID=981 British Academy Fellows Archive] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219165732/http://www.britac.ac.uk/fellowship/directory/archive.asp?fellowsID=981 |date=19 December 2007 }}. Retrieved 31 October 2006. he is also an Honorary Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Foreign Honorary Member of both the American Economic Association and the American Philosophical Society.{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Nicholas+Stern&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-03-01|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=5 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405044528/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Nicholas+Stern&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|url-status=live}} In the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours he was made a Knight Bachelor, for services to Economics.{{London Gazette |issue=57315 |date=12 June 2004 |page=1 |supp=y}}{{London Gazette |issue=57391 |date=24 August 2004 |page=10694}}Press and Information Office – LSE (2006). [http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/pressAndInformationOffice/staffStudentsAndAlumni/newsandviews/21-06-2004.htm#top News and Views: Volume Thirty-Four • Number Nine • 21 June 2004] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313043224/http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/pressAndInformationOffice/staffStudentsAndAlumni/newsandviews/21-06-2004.htm#top |date=13 March 2007 }}. Retrieved 31 October 2006. On 18 October 2007, it was announced that Stern would receive a life peerage and was to be made a non-party political peer (i.e. would sit as a cross-bencher in the House of Lords). He was duly created Baron Stern of Brentford, of Elsted in the County of West Sussex and of Wimbledon in the London Borough of Merton on 10 December 2007.{{London Gazette |issue=58543 |date=17 December 2007 |page=18246}} He is, however, usually addressed as Lord Stern, or Lord Stern of Brentford.[http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/nicholas-stern/16807] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227093139/http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/nicholas-stern/16807|date=27 December 2010}}

In 2006, he was elected as an Honorary Fellow at Peterhouse, Cambridge,"Peterhouse" (college magazine) Jan 2008, page 3; also {{cite web|url=http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/fellows/fellows.html |title=Peterhouse: The Fellowship |access-date=2008-06-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414234910/http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/fellows/fellows.html |archive-date=14 April 2008 |df=dmy }} and he is also an Honorary Fellow of St Catherine's College, Oxford.{{cite web|url=http://www.stcatz.ox.ac.uk/Academic-Staff/Honorary-Fellows|title=Honorary Fellows|access-date=31 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422040034/http://www.stcatz.ox.ac.uk/Academic-Staff/Honorary-Fellows|archive-date=22 April 2015|url-status=dead}}

Stern was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree by the University of Warwick in 2006,University of Warwick (2006). [http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/NE1000000213201/ University of Warwick Honorary Degrees announced for July 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070112121507/http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/NE1000000213201/ |date=12 January 2007 }}. Retrieved 31 October 2006. an Honorary Doctor of International Relations degree in 2007 by the Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations, a for-profit business whose lack of university accreditation has put it under the spotlight of the news media,{{Cite web |last=Lanci |first=Camille |date=2022-11-16 |title=Geneva private universities come under the spotlight |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/geneva-private-universities-come-under-the-spotlight/47786510 |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2022-04-28 |title=#95 The G{{!}}O Briefing, April 28, 2022 |url=https://www.thegenevaobserver.com/briefings/78-the-g-o-briefing-april-28-2022/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=THE GENEVA OBSERVER |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2022-07-14 |title=A Genève, des universités privées proposent des formations onéreuses non reconnues par les autorités académiques suisses |url=https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/geneve/13238587-a-geneve-des-universites-privees-proposent-des-formations-onereuses-non-reconnues-par-les-autorites-academiques-suisses.html |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=rts.ch |language=fr}}{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=À Genève, des “universités” privées aux pratiques douteuses |url=https://fr.news.yahoo.com/%C3%A0-gen%C3%A8ve-universit%C3%A9s-priv%C3%A9es-pratiques-101507073.html |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Yahoo News |language=fr-FR}}{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=À Genève, des “universités” privées aux pratiques douteuses |url=https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/a-geneve-des-universites-privees-aux-pratiques-douteuses |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Courrier international |language=fr}}{{cite web |title=Honorary Degree Recipients |url=http://genevadiplomacy.com/faculty-at-gsd/honorary-degree-recipients/ |publisher=Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228051752/http://genevadiplomacy.com/faculty-at-gsd/honorary-degree-recipients/ |archive-date=28 February 2011 }} an Honorary Doctor of Letters by the University of Sheffield in 2008,University of Sheffield (2008). [http://www.shef.ac.uk/mediacentre/winterdegrees.html Media Centre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511200715/http://www.shef.ac.uk/mediacentre/winterdegrees.html |date=11 May 2011 }} an Honorary Doctor by the Technische Universität Berlin in 2009{{cite web|url=http://www.pressestelle.tu-berlin.de/uploads/media/CL_041109_PI-Ehrenprofessur_eng.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-11-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724002531/https://www.pressestelle.tu-berlin.de/uploads/media/CL_041109_PI-Ehrenprofessur_eng.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2011 |df=dmy }} and also in 2009 an honorary degree of Doctor of Science from the University of Brighton.{{cite web |author=University of Brighton – webteam |url=http://www.brighton.ac.uk/news/2009/090804sternwarning.php?PageId=804 |title=News and events – University of Brighton |publisher=Brighton.ac.uk |date=4 August 2009 |access-date=4 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305215714/http://www.brighton.ac.uk/news/2009/090804sternwarning.php?PageId=804 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}

In 2009, Stern was also awarded the Blue Planet Prize for his contributions to research on global environmental problems.{{Cite web |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/profile/nicholas-stern/ |title=Nicholas Stern - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment |access-date=3 December 2021 |archive-date=3 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203215834/https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/profile/nicholas-stern/ |url-status=live }}

Stern participated in one of the showings of The Age of Stupid at the RSA. At the after-showing webcast panel discussion{{cite web |url=http://www.ageofstupid.net/webcast |title=Indie Screenings Launch Event |publisher=The Age of Stupid |access-date=9 September 2009 |archive-date=25 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525095017/http://www.ageofstupid.net/webcast |url-status=live }} was director Franny Armstrong, journalist George Monbiot, and the Met Office head of climate impacts Richard Betts. In 2009 Nicholas Stern lent his support to the 10:10 project, a movement encouraging people to take positive action on climate change by reducing their carbon emissions.{{cite web|url=http://www.1010global.org/uk/who |title=Who's doing 10:10? | 10:10 |publisher=1010global.org |access-date=4 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928131628/http://www.1010global.org/uk/who |archive-date=28 September 2011 |df=dmy }}

Stern received the 2010 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category of Climate Change for his "pioneering report [that] shaped and focused the discourse on the economics of climate change" and provided "a unique and robust basis for decision-making."{{cite web|url=http://www2.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/Media/Announcements/BBVA-award-stern-Jan11.aspx |title=Lord Stern receives BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award - Jan - 2011 - Announcements - News and media - Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment - Home |access-date=2011-01-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511114942/https://www2.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/Media/Announcements/BBVA-award-stern-Jan11.aspx |archive-date=11 May 2011 |df=dmy }}

On 11 December 2013, Stern was awarded the 2013 Stephen H. Schneider Award for Outstanding Climate Science Communication by [http://www.climate-one.org/ Climate One] at [http://www.commonwealthclub.org/ The Commonwealth Club] in San Francisco, California.{{cite web|url=http://www.speakers.co.uk/our-business/our-news/lord-stern-will-be-awarded-the-stephen-h-schneider-award|title=Keynote Speakers – After Dinner Speakers – Motivational Speakers – CSA Celebrity Speakers Bureau|first=Celebrity Speakers|last=Ltd|website=www.speakers.co.uk|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104352/http://www.speakers.co.uk/our-business/our-news/lord-stern-will-be-awarded-the-stephen-h-schneider-award|url-status=live}}

Stern was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2014{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117102222/https://royalsociety.org/people/nicholas-stern-12343/ |archive-date=2015-11-17 |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/nicholas-stern-12343/ |publisher=Royal Society |location=London |title=The Lord Stern of Brentford Kt FBA FRS |author=Anon |year=2014 |website=royalsociety.org }} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{blockquote|"All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." --{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies |access-date=2016-03-09 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925220834/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |archive-date=25 September 2015 |df=dmy }}}} in recognition of his work challenging the world view on the economics of climate change.{{cite web|title=Royal Society elects new Fellows|url=https://royalsociety.org/news/2014/new-fellows/|publisher=Royal Society|access-date=28 October 2014|archive-date=13 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813090607/https://royalsociety.org/news/2014/new-fellows/|url-status=live}} In 2016, he was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS).{{cite web|title=Eighty-four leading social scientists conferred as Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences|url=https://www.acss.org.uk/news/eighty-four-leading-social-scientists-conferred-fellows-academy-social-sciences/|website=Academy of Social Sciences|access-date=5 August 2017|date=19 October 2016|archive-date=6 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606033408/https://www.acss.org.uk/news/eighty-four-leading-social-scientists-conferred-fellows-academy-social-sciences/|url-status=live}}

Stern was appointed Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to economics, international relations, and tackling climate change.{{London Gazette|issue=61962|supp=y|page=B25|date=17 June 2017}}{{cite news|title=Genome pioneer John Sulston enters elite club|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-40306236|access-date=17 June 2017|work=BBC News|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=16 June 2017|archive-date=18 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618071839/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-40306236|url-status=live}}

The Kiel Institute for the World Economy announced, that Stern will be awarded the Bernhard Harms Prize 2021.{{Cite web|title=Lord Nicholas Stern erhält Preis für Klimaforschung {{!}} Börsen-Zeitung|url=https://www.boersen-zeitung.de/personen/lord-nicholas-stern-erhaelt-preis-fuer-klimaforschung-af74577e-de58-11eb-be7d-1ab18f2f304e|access-date=2021-08-12|website=www.boersen-zeitung.de|language=DE|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812131359/https://www.boersen-zeitung.de/personen/lord-nicholas-stern-erhaelt-preis-fuer-klimaforschung-af74577e-de58-11eb-be7d-1ab18f2f304e|url-status=live}}

Stern is the son of the late Bert Stern and Marion Stern and nephew of Donald Swann—half of the Flanders and Swann partnership. Richard Stern, former vice-president of the World Bank, and Brian E Stern, former vice-president of Xerox Corporation, are his brothers, and his sister is Naomi Opalinska.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

• A Strategy for Development, World Bank Publications, 2002 ({{ISBN|978-0821349809}}).
• The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review, Cambridge University Press, 2007 ({{ISBN|978-0521700801}}).
• A Blueprint for a Safer Planet: How to Manage Climate Change and Create a New Era of Progress and Prosperity, Bodley Head, PublicAffairs, 2009 ({{ISBN|978-1-84792-037-9}}).
• The Global Deal: Climate Change and the Creation of a New Era of Progress and Prosperity, 2009 ({{ISBN|978-1586486693}}).
• Why Are We Waiting? The Logic, Urgency, and Promise of Tackling Climate Change, MIT Press, 2015 ({{ISBN|9780262029186}}).

{{Reflist}}

{{Wikiquote}}

{{Commons|Nicholas Stern}}

• [http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/_new/staff/person.asp?id=4478 Personal Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929105259/http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/_new/staff/person.asp?id=4478 |date=29 September 2018 }}
• [http://www2.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/Experts/n.stern@lse.ac.uk Lord Stern of Brentford – LSE Experts entry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929110152/http://www2.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/Experts/n.stern@lse.ac.uk |date=29 September 2018 }}
• [http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/138946/SternBio.doc World Bank biography]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20081208190307/http://www.speakers.co.uk/csaWeb/speaker,2804 Lord Stern of Brentford, FBA at CSA Celebrity Speakers]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070322012251/http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/video/200702_stern.cfm Stern at the University of Oxford]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926221549/http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/index.php?menuID=2&subID=1055 The man behind the British Treasury’s mammoth climate change report]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100309074040/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sternreview_index.htm The UK Government's Treasury web pages about the Stern review]
• [http://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/537-What-Stern-said-about-China-part-one- Article about the Stern review's conclusions on China's development]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070224063309/http://thebeaveronline.co.uk/Features/a-stern-response Nicholas Stern interview at The Beaver, 13 February 2007]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070517235751/http://www.uknow.or.jp/be_e/environment/stern-symposium/ Speech to the Economics of Climate Change Symposium, Nov 2006]
• [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/oct/23/commentanddebate-energy-environment-climate-change 'Green Routes To Growth' article published in the Guardian.co.uk's Comment Is Free Section, 23 October 2008]
• [https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16433-launch-green-economic-revolution-now-says-stern.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&nsref=online-news Launch green economic revolution now, says Stern]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Stern, Nicholas}}

Category:1946 births

Category:Academics of the London School of Economics

Category:Alumni of Nuffield College, Oxford

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Category:Global Apollo Programme

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