Nigerian Americans

{{Further|Slave Coast of West Africa}}

The first people of ancestry from what is now modern Nigeria to arrive in what is now the modern United States were brought by force as slaves.{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/7.htm|title=Nigeria – The Slave Trade|access-date=13 August 2015}} These enslaved people were not called Nigerians but were known by their ethnic nations due to Nigeria not being a country until the early 1900s, after the slave trade was over. Calabar and Badagry (Gberefu Island), Nigeria, became major points of export of enslaved people from Africa to the Americas during the 17th and 18th centuries. Most slave ships frequenting this port were English.{{cite book|title=The Two Princes of Calabar: An Eighteenth-century Atlantic Odyssey |first=Randy J. |last=Sparks |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-674-01312-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tt6BCT-9yEgC&pg=PA39 |page=39}} Most of the slaves of Bight of Biafra – many of whom hailed from the Igbo hinterland – were trafficked to Virginia. After 400 years in the United States and the lack of documentation because of enslavement, African Americans have often been unable to track their ancestors to specific ethnic groups or regions of Africa. Like Americans of other origins, at this point most African Americans have ancestors of a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Most of the people who were stolen from Nigeria were likely to have been Igbo or Yoruba.{{cite web |url=http://www.yorku.ca/nhp/areas/ethnic.htm |quote=" and some Ibibio people. As is now widely known, enslaved Africans were often concentrated in specific places in the diaspora...USA (Igbo)" |publisher=York university |title=Ethnic Identity in the Diaspora and the Nigerian Hinterland |location=Toronto, Canada |access-date=2008-11-23}} Other ethnic groups such as the Fula and Edo peoples were also captured and transported to the colonies in the New World. The Igbo were exported mainly to Maryland{{cite web |url=http://www.usefoundation.org/view/29 |title=Languages in America #25 along with Kru and Yoruba |publisher=U.S.ENGLISH Foundation, Inc |access-date=2009-05-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525112805/http://www.usefoundation.org/view/29 |archive-date=2009-05-25 }} and Virginia.{{cite book |page=23 |title=Murder at Montpelier: Igbo Africans in Virginia |isbn=1-57806-706-5 |last=Chambers |first=Douglas B. |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |date=March 1, 2005}} They comprised the majority of all enslaved Africans in Virginia during the 18th century: of the 37,000 Africans trafficked to Virginia from Calabar during the eighteenth century, 30,000 were Igbo.{{Citation |last=Chuku |first=Gloria |title=Review of Chambers, Douglas B., Murder at Montpelier: Igbo Africans in Virginia |date=October 2006 |url=https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=12372 |publisher=H-Atlantic, H-Review |language=en |access-date=2022-04-21}} In the next century, people of Igbo descent were taken with settlers who moved to Kentucky. According to some historians, the Igbo also comprised most of the slaves in Maryland. This group was characterized by high rates of rebellion and suicide, as the people resisted and fought back against enslavement. Many Nigerians of Igbo origin were also brought into the US in the late 1960s as war refugees during Nigerian Civil War.

Some Nigerian ethnic groups, such as the Yoruba, and some northern Nigerian ethnic groups, had traditional, cultural identification marks, such as tattoo and scarification designs. These could have assisted a kidnapped and enslaved person who escaped in locating other members of their ethnic group, but few enslaved people managed to escape the colonies. In the colonies, slavers tried to dissuade the practice of traditional tribal customs. They also mixed people of different ethnic groups to make it more difficult for them to communicate and band together in rebellion.[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3172026 "Ethnicity and the Slave Trade: 'Lucumi' and 'Nago' as Ethnonyms in West Africa"],

US President Thomas Jefferson officially outlawed the Atlantic slave trade in 1808, although some enslaved Africans continued to be illegally smuggled into the country and the institution of slavery persisted until the American Civil War.

In modern times, most Americans of unambiguous Nigerian ancestry are voluntary immigrants and their descendants.{{cite web|url=https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2015/04/09/a-rising-share-of-the-u-s-black-population-is-foreign-born/|title=A Rising Share of the U.S. Black Population is Foreign Born|date=April 9, 2015}} Various leaders of the Nigerian independence movement such as Eyo Ita, Mbonu Ojike, and Nnamdi Azikiwe were educated in the United States during the 1930s-1940s. When President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, US restrictions on immigration from regions outside of Northwestern Europe were eliminated, allowing for a greater number of Nigerians in the United States.

The modern generation of Nigerian migrants was initially motivated by the desire to pursue educational opportunities in undergraduate and postgraduate institutions in the United States. During the 1960s and the 1970s aftermath of the Nigerian Civil War, the Nigerian government funded the education of Nigerian students attending US universities. While this was occurring, there were several military coups, interspersed with brief periods of civilian rule. The instability resulted in many Nigerian professionals emigrating, especially doctors, lawyers and academics, who found it difficult to return to Nigeria.[http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/891.html "Nigerians in Chicago"]. Posted by Charles Adams Cogan and Cyril Ibe, Encyclopedia of Chicago; Retrieved May 2, 2013

During the 1980s, a larger wave of Nigerians immigrated to the United States.{{Cite web|last=Pongou|first=Blessing U. Mberu, Roland|date=2010-06-30|title=Nigeria: Multiple Forms of Mobility in Africa's Demographic Giant|url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/nigeria-multiple-forms-mobility-africas-demographic-giant|access-date=2021-05-27|website=migrationpolicy.org|language=en}} This migration was driven by political and economic problems exacerbated by the military regimes of self-styled generals Ibrahim Babangida and Sani Abacha. Other émigrés comprised a large number of refugees, fleeing on account of religious persecutions, endless political unrests and ethnic/tribal conflicts, the presumption of Nigeria as a failing state, or just to enhance the quality of lives for themselves and their families (Ogbuagu, 2013). The most noticeable exodus occurred among professional and middle class Nigerians who, along with their children, took advantage of education and employment opportunities in the US.

This exodus contributed to a "brain-drain" of Nigeria's intellectual resources to the detriment of its future. Since the advent of multi-party democracy in March 1999, the former Nigerian head-of-state Olusegun Obasanjo has made numerous appeals, especially to young Nigerian professionals in the United States, to return to Nigeria to help in its rebuilding effort. Obasanjo's efforts have met with mixed results, as some potential migrants consider Nigeria's socioeconomic situation still unstable (Ogbuagu, 2013b).

Since 1980, the estimated population of foreign-born Nigerians has grown from 25,000 to 392,811 in 2019.

File:KunleOlukotun-2018photo.jpg, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Stanford University, known as the "father of the multi-core processor"{{cite web|last=Schubarth|first=Cromwell|date=2020-02-27|title=New Palo Alto chip unicorn's valuation nearly tripled to $2.5B|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2020/02/27/sambanova-valuation-funding-unicorn.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-14|website=www.bizjournals.com|publisher=The Silicon Valley Business Journal}}{{cite web|date=December 17, 2020|title=SambaNova, founded by alumnus Kunle Olukotun, emerges from stealth mode with AI-accelerated HPC system|url=https://news.engin.umich.edu/2020/12/sambanova-founded-by-alumnus-kunle-olukotun-emerges-from-stealth-mode-with-ai-accelerated-hpc-system/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=Michigan Engineering|language=en-US}}]]

The Migration Policy Institute reports that 29% of Nigerian Americans have a master's degree, PhD, or an advanced professional degree (compared to 11% of the US population overall). Nigerian Americans are also known for their contributions to medicine, science, technology, arts, and literature.{{cite web|date=2018-06-07|title=The Most Successful Ethnic Group in the U.S. May Surprise You|url=https://www.ozy.com/around-the-world/the-most-successful-ethnic-group-in-the-u-s-may-surprise-you/86885/|access-date=2021-02-14|website=OZY}} In 2023, 64.4% of Nigerian Americans had attained a bachelor's degree compared to 36.2% for the total population.{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSSPP1Y2022.S0201?q=S0201.&t=001:3786:076:451:567:582 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=data.census.gov}}

Nigerian culture has long emphasized education, placing value on pursuing academic excellence as a means to financial security.{{cite web|last=Adenle|first=Tola|title=Why do immigrant kids perform so well in America (2): The Nigerian example|date=June 13, 2011|url=http://emotanafricana.com/2011/06/13/why-do-immigrant-kids-perform-so-well-in-america-2/|access-date=14 April 2013}} Examples of Nigerian Americans in education include Akintunde Akinwande, Oyekunle Olukotun, Jacob Olupona, and Dehlia Umunna, professors at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and Harvard University, respectively. Recent famous examples include ImeIme Umana, the first black woman to be elected president of the Harvard Law Review,{{cite web|author=Alexandra Larkin|title=130-year-old Harvard Law Review elects its first African-American woman president|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/28/health/harvard-law-african-american-president-trnd/index.html|access-date=2020-09-20|website=CNN|date=February 28, 2017}} Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, the first woman to become the head of the World Trade Organization (WTO),{{cite news|last=León|first=Concepción de|date=2021-02-05|title=Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Set to Become W.T.O.'s First Female Leader|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/05/business/ngozi-okonjo-iweala-world-trade-organization.html|access-date=2021-02-14|issn=0362-4331}} and Tanitoluwa Adewumi, a homeless child refugee who went on to become a chess prodigy.{{cite web|title=USA and UK prodigies clash in online match|url=https://www.fide.com/news/623|access-date=2021-02-14|website=www.fide.com|language=en}}{{citation|title=The 9 Year Old Prodigy Tanitoluwa Adewumi vs Hikaru Nakamura in Puzzle Rush|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-pePy_1_Ts |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/j-pePy_1_Ts |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|publisher=Hikaru Nakamura|access-date=2021-02-14}}{{cbignore}}{{citation|title=10-year-old Chess Prodigy Plays Blindfold|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WdBOKYOzOM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/-WdBOKYOzOM |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|publisher=chess24|access-date=2021-02-14}}{{cbignore}}{{cite web|title=Chess: TanitoluwaAps116 vs GM Hikaru|url=https://www.chess.com/live/game/5370226151|access-date=2021-02-16|website=Chess.com|language=en-US}}{{cite news|last=Kasparov|first=Garry|title=Opinion {{!}} The heart-warming tale of the 8-year-old chess champion is quintessentially American|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-heart-warming-tale-of-the-8-year-old-chess-champion-is-quintessentially-american/2019/03/22/7a2fdf92-4cd9-11e9-b79a-961983b7e0cd_story.html|access-date=2021-02-16|issn=0190-8286}} Examples of Nigerian Americans in popular media include Dr. Bennet Omalu, portrayed in the 2015 film Concussion,{{citation|title=Brett Favre on making football more safe: Don't play|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IG7FdapKwck |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/IG7FdapKwck |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2020-09-20}}{{cbignore}} and Emmanuel Acho, former professional football player and host of the weekly activist webcast Uncomfortable Conversations with a Black Man.{{cite web|title=A Conversation with the Police - Uncomfortable Conversations with a Black Man Ep. 9 - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pM-HpZQWKT4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/pM-HpZQWKT4 |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-14|website=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}

A large percentage of black students at highly selective top universities are immigrants or children of immigrants. Harvard University, for example, has estimated that more than one-third of its black student body consists of recent immigrants or their children, or were of mixed-race parentage.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/24/us/top-colleges-take-more-blacks-but-which-ones.html |access-date=26 Jun 2011 |newspaper=New York Times |date=June 24, 2004 |title=Top Colleges Take More Blacks, but Which Ones? |first1=Sara |last1=Rimer |first2=Karen W. |last2=Arenson }} Other top universities, including Yale, Princeton, Penn, Columbia, Rice, Duke, and Berkeley, report a similar pattern.{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/education/article/Shades-of-gray-in-black-enrollment-Immigrants-2728709.php |title=Shades of gray in black enrollment: Immigrants' rising numbers a concern to some activists |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |date=February 22, 2005 |first=Jason B. |last=Johnson }} As a result, there is a question as to whether affirmative action programs adequately reach their original targets: African Americans who are descendants of American slaves and their discriminatory history in the US.

According to the 2021 Open Doors report, the top five US institutions with the largest student population of Nigerian descent (in no particular order) are Texas Southern University, University of Houston, University of Texas at Arlington, University of North Texas, and Houston Community College.{{cite web|url=https://www.thecable.ng/10674-nigerians-studying-us-highest-30-years |title=10,674 Nigerians studying in the US – highest in 30 years | TheCable |date=November 15, 2016 |publisher=Thecable.ng |access-date=2019-10-24}}{{cite web |date=2021-11-16 |title=Population Of Nigerian Students In US Ranks First In Africa, 10th Globally |url=https://saharareporters.com/2021/11/16/population-nigerian-students-us-ranks-first-africa-10th-globally |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=Sahara Reporters}} According to Institute of International Education's 2017 Open Doors report, 11,710 international students from Nigeria studied in the US during the 2016–2017 academic year, the 12th highest country of origin and highest of any African country.{{cite web|title=Places of Origin|url=https://www.iie.org/Research-and-Insights/Open-Doors/Data/International-Students/Places-of-Origin|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115010422/https://www.iie.org/Research-and-Insights/Open-Doors/Data/International-Students/Places-of-Origin|archive-date=2017-11-15|access-date=2019-10-24|publisher=iie.org}}

56.9% of Nigerian Americans work in Management, business, science, and arts occupations compared to 43.2% for the total population. Nigerian Americans in 2023 had a median household income of $80,711 which was higher than the total population's. However, Nigerian Americans had a slightly lower per capita income ($43,030) than the total population ($43,313). Personal earnings for Nigerian American males was $67,475 and $61,208 for females, both of which were higher than the total population's which was $63,975 for males and $52,370 for females. Nigerian Americans had a slightly lower poverty rate than the total population. Nigerian American families also had a lower poverty rate then the total population. Nigerian Americans have a high labor force participation rate of 77.7%.{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=S0201.&t=001:013:3782:076:3786:451:567:582 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=data.census.gov}}

In 2017, sociologist Onoso Imoagene argued that second generation Nigerian Americans are forming a distinct "diasporic Nigerian ethnicity" rather than assimilating into the mainstream African American culture, in contrast to what should have been predicted by segmented assimilation theory.{{cite book |last=Imoagene |first=Onoso |title=Beyond Expectations: Second-Generation Nigerians in the United States and Britain |date = 2017}} Limited sociological research suggests that Nigerian Americans may have a more positive opinion of the American police compared to the broader black community.{{cite journal |last1=Akinropo |first1=Akinniyi Ademola |date=2018 |title=Perception of Nigerian Immigrants of Police and Policing in the United States |journal=Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies |url=https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5048/}} The Marshall Project and Prison Legal News have reported that the Texas Department of Criminal Justice heavily recruits Nigerians to serve as guards in Texas prisons, where a significant proportion of the prisoners are black.{{cite web|url=https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2009/jun/15/texas-lawmakers-surprised-over-hiring-of-non-citizen-prison-guards-on-work-visas/|title = Texas Lawmakers "Surprised" over Hiring of Non-Citizen Prison Guards on Work Visas | Prison Legal News}}{{cite web|url=https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/06/03/nigerians-are-flocking-to-work-in-texas-prisons|title=Nigerians are Flocking to Work in Texas Prisons|date=June 3, 2015}}

{{See also|History of Nigerian Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth| History of Nigerian Americans in San Antonio}}

File:African Languages Spoken in American Households.jpg

As of 2013, the World Bank estimated that 252,172 Nigerian migrants live in the US. This is 23% of all Nigerian migrants, the most of any destination country. Nigerian migrants represent 0.5% of all migrants in the US, the 32nd highest of all US source countries.{{cite web|title=Migration and Remittances Data|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/migrationremittancesdiasporaissues/brief/migration-remittances-data|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223081114/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/migrationremittancesdiasporaissues/brief/migration-remittances-data|archive-date=December 23, 2017|access-date=December 25, 2017}}

The 2016 American Community Survey estimates that 380,785 US residents report Nigerian ancestry.

The 2012-2016 ACS estimates that 277,027 American residents were born in Nigeria. It also estimates that these states have the highest Nigerian-born population:

1. Texas 60,173
2. Maryland 31,263
3. New York 29,619
4. California 23,302
5. Georgia 19,182
6. Illinois 15,389
7. New Jersey 14,780
8. Florida 8,274
9. Massachusetts 6,661
10. Pennsylvania 6,371
11. North Carolina 3,561

File:Nigerian Muslim Assn Ft Greene jeh.jpg, New York]]

File:Igbo Roman Catholics.jpg in the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, Los Angeles, California]]

In terms of religion, the Nigerian community in the United States is split, as approximately 70% practice Christianity while 28% follow Islam and the remainder practice other religions (2%).{{disputed inline|date=May 2020}}{{cite book|title=Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans [4 Volumes]| isbn=9780313357879 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YN9jC2_7UHYC&pg=PA1615|last=Bayor|first=Ronald H.|date=July 22, 2011|publisher=Abc-Clio}}

Among Nigerian Americans, traditional Nigerian attire remains very popular.{{cite web |title=Nigerian Traditional Attire |url=https://www.nigeriainusa.com/blog/nigerian-traditional-attire |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=Nigeria in USA |language=en}} However, because the fabric is often hard to acquire outside of Nigeria,{{cite web |title=Clothing - The Peopling of New York City |url=https://macaulay.cuny.edu/seminars/rice08/articles/c/l/o/Clothing.html |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=macaulay.cuny.edu}} traditional attire is not worn on an everyday basis but rather, reserved for special occasions such as weddings, Independence Day celebrations, birthday ceremonies and Muslim Eid celebrations. For weddings, the fabric used to sew the outfit of the bride and groom is usually directly imported from Nigeria or bought from local Nigerian traders and then taken to a local tailor who then sews it into the preferred style. Due to the large number of Nigerians living in America and the cultural enrichment that these communities provide to non-Nigerians, the traditional attire has been adopted in many parts of the country as a symbol of African ethnicity, for example, clothes worn during Kwanzaa celebrations are known to be very influenced by Nigerian traditional attire. In recent years, the traditional fabric has attracted many admirers especially among celebrities such as Solange Knowles{{cite web|url=http://kaluswika.blogspot.com/2013/04/solange-knowles-african-prints.html|title=KaKKi: Solange Knowles – African Prints|author=KaKKi|access-date=13 August 2015}} and most notably Erykah Badu. On the fashion runway, Nigerian American designers like Boston-born Kiki Kimanu{{cite web |url=http://www.onobello.com/index.php/component/k2/item/2813-designer-biography-kiki-kamanu-clothing |title=Designer Biography: Kiki Kamanu Clothing - OnoBello.com: Latest in Fashion, Beauty, News, Features and Events |access-date=April 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413195854/http://www.onobello.com/index.php/component/k2/item/2813-designer-biography-kiki-kamanu-clothing |archive-date=April 13, 2014 |url-status=dead}} are able to combine the rich distinct colors of traditional attire with Western styles to make clothes that are highly sought after by young Nigerian professionals and Americans alike.{{cite web|url=http://www.kikikamanu.com/|title=Kiki Kamanu|access-date=13 August 2015}}

Nigerian-Americans can be subdivided into Nigeria's three largest ethnic groups - the Igbo, Yoruba, and Hausa-Fulani.

{{Main|Igbo Americans}}

Igbo Americans are people in the United States that maintain an identity of a varying level of Igbo ethnic group that now call the United States their chief place of residence (and may also have US citizenship). Many moved to the US following the effects of the Biafran War (1967–1970).

{{Main|Yoruba American}}

Yoruba Americans are Americans of Yoruba descent. The Yoruba people ({{Langx|yo|Àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá}}) are an ethnic group originating in southwestern Nigeria and southern Benin in West Africa. The first Yoruba people who arrived to the United States were imported as slaves from Nigeria and Benin during the Atlantic slave trade. This ethnicity of the slaves was one of the main origins of present-day Nigerians who arrived to the US, along with the Igbos. In addition, native slaves of current Benin hailed from peoples such as Nago (Yoruba subgroup, although exported mainly by Spanish, when Louisiana was Spanish), Ewe, Fon, and Gen. Many slaves imported to the modern United States from Benin were sold by the King of Dahomey, in Whydah.

The native tongue of the Yoruba people is spoken principally in Nigeria and Benin, with communities in other parts of Africa, Europe, and the Americas. A variety of the language, Lucumi, is the liturgical language of the Santería religion of the Caribbean.[https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/largest-ethnic-groups-in-nigeria.html date=December 2017]

{{Main|Ibibio American}}

Ibibio Americans are Nigerian Americans from present day Akwa Ibom State and Cross River State of Nigeria. They are identified by their common names and language that include the Efik, Ibibio and Annang dialects of the Ibibio Language. The main seaport where slaves were moved out of Nigeria is located in Calabar, the capital city of Cross River State and the first British Administrative Headquarter in southern Nigeria.

{{Main|Fula Americans}}

Fulani and Hausa Americans are people in the United States that maintain a cultural identity of various levels from the Fulani and Hausa ethnic groups and now call the United States home. Most speak Hausa, Fulfulde as well as English fluently and Arabic on various levels. The first wave of Fulani immigrants arrived as a result of the Atlantic slave trade. Recent Fulani and Hausa arrivals immigrated to the United States during the 1990s. They now make up a large percentage of the Muslim communities across America.

Nigerian American organizations in the US include:

• Houston, Texas–based Nigerian Union Diaspora (NUD)
• Society for Africans in the Diaspora (SAiD Institute){{cite web | title=2 Houston groups connect Blacks to African roots|url= https://www.khou.com/article/news/local/black-history/connecting-blacks-to-african-roots/285-15dcbde8-f1ab-42ea-a454-b7b0ccf7b43b|website= www.khou.com}}
• Houston, Texas–based Nigerian American Multicultural Council, NAMC (namchouston.org){{cite web|title=Nigerian-American Multicultural Council|url=http://www.namchouston.org|website=namchouston.org}}
• San Antonio Nigerian Nurses Association{{cite web|title=San Antonio Nigerian Nurses Association|url=https://sanna.nursingnetwork.com/}}
• Nigeria Peoples Association of San Antonio {{cite web|title=Nigeria Peoples Association of San Antonio|url=https://www.charitynavigator.org/ein/462433877}}
• Washington, D.C.–based Nigerian-American Council or Nigerian-American Leadership Council{{Cite web |url=http://www.nigerian-americancouncil.org/ |title=Nigerian-American Council |access-date=April 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709081042/http://www.nigerian-americancouncil.org/ |archive-date=July 9, 2017 |url-status=dead }}
• The Alliance of Nigerian Organizations in Atlanta, Georgia{{cite web|url=http://www.anogusa.org/|title=Home Page |website=Alliance of Nigerian Organizations in Georgia, USA (ANOG)|author=Itoro E. Akpan-Iquot|access-date=13 August 2015}}
• The Nigerian Association Utah{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianassociationutah.org/aboutus.html|title=Association of Nigerians in Utah, USA|access-date=13 August 2015}}
• The Nigerian Ladies Association of Texas (NLAT){{cite web|url=http://www.nlatx.org/|title=Nigerian Ladies Association of Texas|access-date=13 August 2015}}
• The Nigerian American Multi Service Association, NAMSA (namsa.org){{cite web|url=http://namsa.org/|title=NAMSA – Nigerian American Multi-Service Association|access-date=13 August 2015}}
• First Nigeria Organisation{{cite web|title=Nigerians in Chicago Rise Against Boko Haram|url=http://www.nigerianamericanbusiness.com/|website=Nigerian American Business|access-date=31 August 2014}}
• United Nigeria Association of Tulsa{{Cite web |url=http://www.unatok.org/go/index.php |title=United Nigeria Association of Tulsa |access-date=June 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118213311/http://www.unatok.org/go/index.php |archive-date=November 18, 2013 |url-status=dead }}
• The Alliance of Nigerian Organizations in Georgia is an organization that tries to satisfy the interests of the community, and represents all Nigeria nonprofit associations in the state (such as Nigerian Women Association of Georgia – NWAG-{{cite web|url=http://www.nwag.org/|title=Nigerian Women Association of Georgia – NWAG|access-date=13 August 2015}}), in tribal issues, ethnic, educational, social, political and economic. Through the ANOG, the Office of Nigerian Consulate in Atlanta reaches the Nigerian community associations.
• National Council of Nigerian Muslim Organizations in USA;[http://www.nmnationalcouncil.org/ National Council of Nigerian Muslim Organizations in USA]
• The National Council of Nigerian Muslim Organizations is an organization that teaches Islam, study the elements of religion, favoring Muslim integration in the US, creating a Muslim American identity and promoting interpersonal relationships.
• Nigerian Ladies Association of Texas (NLAT) is an apolitical, non-profit formed by Nigerian women that promote fellowship, community and family values. NLAT is looking for ways to improve the lives of its members and their families and contribute to improving the life and development of Nigeria and the United States of America. The association teaches its members on individual rights (especially the rights of women, creating media to promote respect for these rights, to promote equality and peace between the sexes) and establishes job opportunities for Nigerians living in Texas, organizes and provides resources to women and children in Nigeria and the US, teaches Nigerian culture to the new generations, working with women's groups in the US and drives programs to promote education and health services. and the Nigerian American Multi Service Association (NAMSA) provides services to community members.
• Nigerian Lawyers Association (NLA): Incorporated in 1999, the NLA's principal objectives are to cultivate the science of jurisprudence.https://nigerianlawyers.org/ Nigerian Lawyers Association Its first president was John Edozie of Madu, Edozie, and Madu law firm.
• NNAUSA is an organization for the Ngwa Diaspora in Americahttp://ngwanational.org/ Ngwa National.

Nigerian American associations representing the interests of determined groups include:

• The Association of Nigerian Physicians in the Americas{{cite web|url=http://www.anpa.org/|title=Association of Nigerian Physicians in the Americas – Home|author=Donia Robinson/Gold Star Web Sites, LLC|access-date=13 August 2015}} (ANPA)
• Igbo Studies Association Inc., USA
• Nigerian Nurses Association of USA, Inc.{{cite web|url=http://nigeriannursesassociationofusa.org/|title=Nigerian Nurses Association USA – Home|access-date=13 August 2015}}
• Ogbakor Ikwerre USA, Inc. is a non–profit organization of Ikwerre indigenes residing in the United States of America and Canada. We are committed to the survival and prosperity of the Ikwerre people and the entire Ikwerre community. OIUSA is an incorporate body that was founded on July 6, 1996 in Los Angeles, California. The organization is incorporated in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, but headquartered in Los Angeles. Membership comprises individuals and associations that subscribe to OIUSA vision. Members come from all over the 50 states in the US and Canada
• Nigerian Student Association{{cite web |url=https://harvardnsa.wordpress.com/ |title=Harvard Nigerian Students Association |website=harvardnsa.wordpress.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507193743/https://harvardnsa.wordpress.com/ |archive-date=2019-05-07}}

{{Main|List of Nigerian Americans}}

{{Portal|Nigeria|United States}}

• Igbo Americans
• Yoruba Americans
• Africans in the United States
• African immigration to Latin America
• History of Nigerian Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth
• History of Nigerian Americans in San Antonio
• List of topics related to Black and African people
• Nigeria–United States relations

{{Reflist}}

• Emeka, Amon. "'Just black' or not 'just black?' ethnic attrition in the Nigerian-American second generation." Ethnic and Racial Studies 42.2 (2019): 272–290.
• Ette, Ezekiel Umo. Nigerian Immigrants in the United States: Race, Identity, and Acculturation (Lexington Books, 2012).
• Ogbaa, Kalu. The Nigerian Americans (Greenwood, 2003).
• Ogbuagu, B. C. (2013). “Diasporic Transnationalism”: Towards a framework for conceptualizing and understanding the ambivalence of the social construction of “Home” and the myth of Diasporic Nigerian homeland return. Journal of Educational and Social Research 3(2), 189–212; Doi:10.5901/jesr. 2013.v3n2p189; ISSN 2239-978X. http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/jesr/article/view/157.
• Ogbuagu, B. C. (2013). Remittances and in-kind products as agency for community development and anti-poverty sustainability: Making a case for Diasporic Nigerians. International Journal of Development and Sustainability 2(3),1828-1857. Online {{ISSN|2186-8662}} – www.isdsnet.com/ijds ISDS Article ID: IJDS13052905
• Rich, Timothy. "You can trust me: A multimethod analysis of the Nigerian email scam." Security Journal 31.1 (2018): 208–225. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Timothy_Rich3/publication/314134114_You_can_trust_me_a_multimethod_analysis_of_the_Nigerian_email_scam/links/5cfb0533a6fdccd1308a678a/You-can-trust-me-a-multimethod-analysis-of-the-Nigerian-email-scam.pdf online]
• Sarkodie-Mensah, Kwasi. "Nigerian Americans." in Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 3, Gale, 2014), pp. 329–341. [https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3273300132/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=ab7d2d8e online]

{{Nigerian diaspora}}

{{African immigration to the United States}}

{{Demographics of the United States}}

American

Category:West African diaspora in the United States

Category:African-American society