Nikolay Devyatkov

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Nikolay Devyatkov

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| birth_name = Nikolay Dmitrievich Devyatkov

| birth_date = April 11, 1907

| birth_place = Vologda, Russian Empire

| death_date = {{death date and age|2001|02|01|1907|4|11}}

| death_place = Moscow, Russia

| citizenship = Soviet Union, Russia

| nationality = Russian

| fields = Electronics

| workplaces = NPC "Istok"
Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

| alma_mater = Leningrad Politechnical Institute

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| known_for = Inventor of a reflex klystron
MM-wave Therapy

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| awards = Hero of Socialist Labour (1969), Stalin Prize (1949), Lenin Prize (1965), State Prize of the Russian Federation (2000)

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Nikolay Dmitrievich Devyatkov ({{langx|ru|Никола́й Дми́триевич Девя́тков}}; {{OldStyleDate|11 April|1907|29 March}}, Vologda — 1 February 2001, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian scientist and inventor of microwave vacuum tubes and medical equipment. Full Member of the USSR/Russian Academy of Sciences (1968; Corresponding Member from 1953). Professor of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.An official website of the Government of Vologda oblast. [http://vologda-oblast.ru/persones.asp?CODE=799&CPage=3&V=8&PS=0&T=&W=&F= Devyatkov Nikolay Dmitrievich] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722210528/http://vologda-oblast.ru/persones.asp?CODE=799&CPage=3&V=8&PS=0&T=&W=&F= |date=2011-07-22 }}. {{in lang|ru}}[http://www.cplire.ru/alt/Devyatkov/ballyko.html Baliko AK. To the 100 anniversary of outstanding scientist of our time Academician Nikolay Dmitrievich Devyatkov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929014500/http://www.cplire.ru/alt/Devyatkov/ballyko.html |date=2011-09-29 }}. {{in lang|ru}}

Most of Devyatkov's scientific papers apply to microwave vacuum tubes. He was an author of more than 250 scientific works and inventions, and was the inventor of a reflex klystron (1939, with E. Daniltsev).

Biography

File:Devyatkovs Memorial Board 30580-1.jpg

Nikolay Devyatkov worked in 54 years at the enterprise "Istok" in Fryazino, Moscow Oblast, in the head Soviet (now Russian) enterprise of microwave electronics, including 39 years as Deputy Director for Science.

Nikolay Devyatkov organized the publication of the journal "Electronic Engineering. Series 1, "Microwave Electronic", the editorial board of which he headed since its release in 1950 until his death. He was the chief editor of the journal "Radio Engineering and Electronics".

Nikolay Devyatkov was never a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

The founder of Soviet and Russian medical electronics

Although the main work of Nikolay Devyatkov were aimed at improving the country's defense, he also made a significant contribution to the development of medical instrumentation.

File:Yav-1 var 2.jpg apparatus «Yav-1»]]

= MM-wave Therapy =

Nikolay Devyatkov with colleagues developed the theoretical foundations of low-intensity millimeter waves therapy (MM-wave Therapy) also called Extremely High Frequency (EHF) Therapy.Devyatkov ND, Golant MB, Betsky OV. Millimeter waves and their role in the processes of life. - Moscow: Radio and Syaz, 1991. {{in lang|ru}}{{cite journal | last1 = Betsky | first1 = OV | last2 = Devyatkov | first2 = ND | last3 = Kislov | first3 = V. | year = 2000 | title = Low Intensity Millimeter Waves in Medicine and Biology | journal = Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering | volume = 28 | issue = 1&2| pages = 247–268 | doi = 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v28.i12.420 | pmid = 10999395 }}Devyatkov ND, Golant MB, Betsky OV. [http://www.gastroscan.ru/literature/authors/4184 Brief information for physicians about the physical characteristics of the processes occurring in the body under MM-wave therapy performed by installations "Jav-1", and the associated effects on the body of electromagnetic millimeter waves]. {{in lang|ru}} In the mid-1980s, under the guidance of Nikolay Devyatkov the company "Istok" (Fryazino, Moscow Oblast) has developed the first device for MM-wave therapy "Jav-1". The Committee on New Medical Technology of the Ministry of Health of the USSR recommended the "Jav-1" for serial production (1987)[http://www.gastroscan.ru/literature/authors/4179 Instructions for use of therapeutic radiation treatment systems for millimeter-wave band nonthermal intensity of the "Jav-1".] - Moscow: Ministry of Health of the USSR, 1987, the Committee on New Medical Technology. Minutes № 6 of 13.06.1987. {{in lang|ru}} and included one in the National Register of medical devices.[http://infopravo.by.ru/fed1996/ch07/akt22436.shtm State register of medical devices (as of 01/01/1996 was)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118035203/http://infopravo.by.ru/fed1996/ch07/akt22436.shtm |date=2010-11-18 }}. {{in lang|ru}} In late 1980 the "Istok" has been established mass serial production the "Jav-1". "Jav-1" was also produced in the company "Start", Penza. The "Istok" and "Start" don't produce the "Jav-1" now.Website of the company "Istok". [http://www.istokmw.ru/ru/node/146 Medical Products] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101114629/http://www.istokmw.ru/ru/node/146 |date=2011-11-01 }}. {{in lang|ru}}

= Microwave thermotherapy =

Nikolay Devyatkov, together with Eduard Gelvic, Vladimir Mazohin and others developed the theoretical framework and create an apparatus of the microwave thermotherapy (hyperthermia) operating local electromagnetic hyperthermia of malignant neoplasms.Devyatkov ND, Gelvich EA et al. [http://ufn.ru/ufn81/ufn81_5/Russian/r815h.pdf Apparatus and methods for microwave and RF heating for application in oncology]. Soviet Physics Uspekhi (Advances in Physical Sciences). 1981, May, v 134, N 1, pp. 158—163. {{in lang|ru}} At present, this direction is actively developed and theoretical developments Devyatkov and his colleagues are embodied in manufactured today in the company "Istok" installation:

"Yachta-4M" for the local microwave thermotherapy of malignant neoplasms and diseases of the prostate
"Yachta-5" for the general and local microwave thermotherapy of malignant neoplasms.

File:AGMI-01 Acidogastrometr for surgery.jpg

= Gastrointestinal and intraluminal pH-metry and manometry =

In 1969-1970, Devyatkov with his colleagues designed the world's first industrial model of pH probe, which measured the acidity of the two points of the gastrointestinal tractBatigin VN, Deviatkov ND, Linar EY, etc. [http://www.gastroscan.ru/literature/authors/3720 Probe to determine the hydrogen ion activity of biological media]. The USSR inventors certificate № 296346, 11/06/1969. {{in lang|ru}} and apparatus for recording the pH. Also he created the original versions of pH-probes with 3, 4 and 5 sensors, intraoperation, endoscopic, children's pH-probes for different age groups, dentistry and gynecology pH-probes, as well as equipment, recording pH with multisensor pH-probes. With the direct participation Devyatkov the NPC "Istok" were organized serial production of the first in the USSR pH-probes for gastrointestinal pH-metry. Method of complex study of the functional state of the stomach and duodenum, providing simultaneous measurement of pressure and acidity in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and is called at that time "ionomanometry" has been applied in medical practice since 1974. Under the guidance of Devyatkov was made probe with 4 pH sensors, and 4 plastic manometric catheters.{{cite journal |last=Trifonov |first=Mikhail |title=Devices and Probes for Intracavitary pH Monitoring |journal=Biomedical Engineering |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=156–160 |year=2003 |doi=10.1023/A:1025871231480 |s2cid=107618872 }}{{cite book |last= Rapoport |first= SI |author2=Lakshin AA |author3=Rakitin BV |author4=Trifonov MM |editor = Komarov FI|title= pH-metry of the Esophagus and Stomach in the Upper Digestive Tract Diseases |trans-title=рН-метрия пищевода и желудка при заболеваниях верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта|url = http://www.gastroscan.ru/literature/authors/3321|publisher= Medpraktika-M |location = Moscow |year= 2005 |pages = 208|language = ru |isbn= 5-98803-014-9}}

This area of his research has its modern development in the devices for diagnostic gastroenterology: esophageal pH monitoring, esophageal motility study, electrogastroenterography and other, that has brandname "Gastroscan" in Russia and are the main products of Fryazino company ZAO NPP «Istok-Sistema».

= Other areas =

Devyatkov and his colleagues performed a series of pioneering work in the field of medical thermography, were developed the therapy and surgical lasers, electrodes for coagulation endovascular veins, xenon feeds "Yakhont" for the treatment of otolaryngology, dental and gynecological diseases, and others.