Ninfa Huarachi

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Ninfa Huarachi

| image = Ninfa Huarachi Condori. Official portrait, 2014. Chamber of Deputies of Bolivia. Original.png

| caption = Official portrait, 2014

| alt = Headshot of Ninfa Huarachi

| office = {{Br list|Member of the Chamber of Deputies|from Tarija}}

| 1blankname = {{Nowrap|Substitute}}

| 1namedata = Carlos Borda

| term_start = 19 January 2010

| term_end = 18 January 2015

| predecessor = Simón Zurita

| successor = Nora Quisbert

| constituency = Party list

| birth_name = Ninfa Huarachi Condori

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|12|24|df=y}}

| birth_place = Cotagaita, Potosí, Bolivia

| death_date =

| death_place =

| party = Movement for Socialism {{Nowrap|(1999–present)}}

| occupation = {{Hlist|Politician|trade unionist}}

}}

Ninfa Huarachi Condori (born 24 December 1955) is a Bolivian politician and trade unionist who served as a party-list member of the Chamber of Deputies from Tarija from 2010 to 2015.

Huarachi spent her early life in rural Potosí and relocated to Tarija following {{ill|History of mining in Bolivia|es|Relocalización en Bolivia|lt=the closure of the mines|preserve=yes}}. She worked as a street vendor and associated with the various merchants' guilds dotting the city. Huarachi served as secretary of finance for the New Dawn labor syndicate and was secretary of relations in the Tarija Federation of Guild Workers.

A member of the Movement for Socialism, Huarachi won a seat in the Chamber of Deputies in 2009, representing the guild organizations of Tarija Department. She played a hand in early drafts of a law providing government guarantees to small traders, which passed into law in 2022{{snd}}after she left office.

Early life and career

= Early life and education =

Ninfa Huarachi was born on 24 December 1955 in Cotagaita,{{sfnm|1a1=Vargas|1a2=Villavicencio|1y=2014|1p=84|2a1=Romero Ballivián|2y=2018|2p=284}} an agrarian settlement in the Quechua-populated Andean high plain, part of the Nor Chichas Province of southeastern Potosí Department.{{sfn|Educa|2015}} She attended primary in the vicinal mining community of Pulacayo, where her father was employed as a mineworker.{{sfnm|1a1=Gonzales Salas|1y=2013|1p=390|2a1=Romero Ballivián|2y=2018|2p=284}} Following his death at age 60, 4-year-old Huarachi and her three siblings settled with their mother further into the countryside, where they lived off a small widow's pension.{{sfn|Gonzales Salas|2013|p=390}}

Huarachi married at age 14 and moved with her spouse to Tasna in the Quechisla mining district. She worked as a vendor on the mine outskirts, selling groceries to support her six children{{snd}}and attended, at the same time, workshops in weaving and embroidery.{{sfn|Gonzales Salas|2013|p=390}} Huarachi's family remained in Tasna until the mid-1980s, when the mine was closed and its workers laid off amid {{ill|History of mining in Bolivia|es|Relocalización en Bolivia|lt=a nationwide process of industry downsizing|preserve=yes}}.{{sfnm|1a1=The Washington Post|1y=1986|2a1=Romero Ballivián|2y=2018|2p=284}}

= Career and trade unionism =

Together with her family, Huarachi settled in Tarija, accompanying the influx of rural migrants into the city in search of employment and economic opportunity.{{sfnm|1a1=Gonzales Salas|1y=2013|1p=390|2a1=Romero Ballivián|2y=2018|2p=284}}{{efn-lg|In Tarija{{snd}}as in other cities{{snd}}the closure of state enterprises sparked a wave of peripheral urbanization and demographic change, as popular classes (disoccupied miners, peasants, small retailers, etc.) migrated out of the countryside and into urban centers seeking better opportunities.{{sfnm|1a1=Opinión|1y=2014|2a1=Romero Ballivián|2y=2018|2pp=63; 284}}}} She set up shop as a street vendor, selling candies and confections in and around the city center.{{sfn|Gonzales Salas|2013|p=390}} As a member of the informal economy, Huarachi integrated the various {{lang|es|gremios}} {{gloss|guilds}} representing Tarija's small traders{{efn-lg|The informal sector{{snd}}defined as enterprises operating "outside the law"; unregulated and usually untaxed{{snd}}constitutes a significant portion of Bolivia's economy, and the formal and informal markets frequently interact. Most of the country's small merchants, retailers, and vendors{{snd}}known as {{lang|es|gremialistas}} {{gloss|guild members}}; {{lit|lk=yes|guildists}}{{snd}}self-organize into {{lang|es|gremios}} {{gloss|guilds}}, which are recognized by and negotiate with government authorities.{{sfn|López Levy|2001|pp=45–46}}}}{{snd}}and, to a lesser extent, led community organizing efforts in the city's fast-growing outer neighborhoods.{{sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018|p=284}}

Huarachi held leadership posts in the neighborhood council representing the Méndez Arcos {{lang|es|barrio}} from 1988 on.{{sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018|p=284}} Her primary activities, however, were as a guild member, representing the 15 April and, later, New Dawn merchants' syndicates{{snd}}where she also held the post of secretary of finance.{{sfnm|1a1=Gonzales Salas|1y=2013|1pp=390–391|2a1=Vargas|2a2=Villavicencio|2y=2014|2p=84|3a1=Romero Ballivián|3y=2018|3p=284}} From 2006 to 2009, Huarachi served as secretary of relations for the Federation of Guild Workers of Tarija, the leading conglomerate representing fifty-plus guild organizations in the department.{{sfnm|1a1=Vargas|1a2=Villavicencio|1y=2014|1p=84|2a1=Romero Ballivián|2y=2018|2p=284}}

Chamber of Deputies

= Election =

Longtime adherence to left-wing viewpoints and early support for then-trade unionist Evo Morales led Huarachi to join the Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP) in 1999.{{sfnm|1a1=Gonzales Salas|1y=2013|1p=391|2a1=Página Siete|2y=2013|3a1=Vargas|3a2=Villavicencio|3y=2014|3p=84}} However, it was her status as a guild member{{snd}}not party affiliation{{snd}}that facilitated her nomination for parliament in 2009. The MAS supported a policy of cooperation with small traders, offering guild organizations a quota of representatives on its slate of candidates{{snd}}regardless of party membership.{{sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018|pp=284; 479}} Elected to run by a grassroots congress of MAS-aligned organizations, Huarachi was included as a party-list candidate for Chamber of Deputies, representing Tarija, and won the seat.{{sfnm|1a1=Página Siete|1y=2013|2a1=Romero Ballivián|2y=2018|2p=284}}

= Tenure =

Huarachi held seats on the Social Welfare Committee, the Constitutional Review Committee, and the Departmental Autonomies Committee and served two terms as chair of the Energy and Hydrocarbons Committee^[§]{{snd}}a post generally reserved for members of Tarija's delegation,{{efn-lg|A tarijeño held the chair of the Energy and Hydrocarbons Committee for all five years of the 2010–2015 legislative term.{{sfnm|1a1=Prensa Diputados|1y=2011|2a1=Prensa Diputados|2y=2012|3a1=Vargas|3a2=Villavicencio|3y=2014|3pp=308; 313; 317}}}} considering the department's status as the country's top producer of crude oil and natural gas.{{sfn|La Razón|2013}}

As a representative of the guild sector, Huarachi led early efforts to draft a dedicated law regulating the businesses of small traders.{{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|p=84}} A preliminary bill was introduced in late 2011, to be reviewed and revised in direct cooperation with members of the sector.{{sfn|Noticias Fides|2011}} The legislation remained in active development over the following years and was finally passed into law in late 2022{{snd}}after Huarachi had already left office.{{sfn|Los Tiempos|2022|p=7}} Under its provisions, approximately 3.5 million small traders were given access to finance, welfare services, and retirement benefits.{{sfn|El Mundo|2022|p=2}} Remarking at an event commemorating its enactment, Rodolfo Mancilla of the {{ill|Confederation of Guild Workers, Artisans, Small Traders, and Vendors of Bolivia |es|Confederación de Trabajadores Gremiales, Artesanos, Comerciantes Minoristas y Vivanderos de Bolivia#El Alto|lt=Federation of Guild Workers of El Alto}} lauded Huarachi as "the cornerstone" of the law's development.{{sfn|Ministerio de Economía|2022|loc=21:30}}

At the end of her term, Huarachi was not nominated for reelection. Among MAS-aligned social movement organizations, preference was to rotate out their representatives in parliament each election cycle, even as the core alliance with the government remained unchanged. In Huarachi's place, Nora Quisbert was selected, then elected to represent Tarija's guild sector in the lower chamber.{{sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018|pp=284; 479}}File:Enactment of Law No. 1455 on Guild Protection. 8 September 2022, Vice Ministry of Communication, La Paz. (53109003118).jpg enacts a law guaranteeing the rights of guild members, which was drafted in its initial stages by Huarachi.|240x240px]]

= Commission assignments =

Constitution, Legislation, and Electoral System Commission
Constitutional Review and Legislative Harmonization Committee (Secretary: 2011–2012){{sfn|Prensa Diputados|2011}}
Plural Economy, Production, and Industry Commission
Energy and Hydrocarbons Committee (Secretary: 2012–2014){{sfnm|1a1=Prensa Diputados|1y=2012|2a1=Vargas|2a2=Villavicencio|2y=2014|2p=313}}
Territorial Organization of the State and Autonomies Commission
Departmental Autonomies Committee (2014–2015){{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|p=309}}
Social Policy Commission
Social Welfare and Protection Committee (2010–2011){{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|p=319}}

Electoral history

class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" \|+ {{sronly\|Electoral history of Ninfa Huarachi}} ! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan=2 \| Year ! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan=2 \| Office ! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| Party ! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan=3 \| Votes ! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan=2 \| Result ! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan=2 \| {{abbr\|Ref\|Reference}}.
style="background-color:#EAECF0;" \| Total ! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" \| % ! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" \| {{abbr\|P\|Position}}.
style="background-color:#EAECF0;" \| 2009 \| Deputy \| style="background-color:{{party color\|Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)}};" \| \| Movement for Socialism \| 114,577 \| 51.09% \| 1st \| {{yes2\|Won}} \| {{sfn\|Atlas Electoral\|2009}}{{efn-lg\|name=fn1\|Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.}}
style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan=9 \| Source: Plurinational Electoral Organ {{!}} [https://atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo/#/ Electoral Atlas]

class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"

|+ {{sronly|Electoral history of Ninfa Huarachi}}

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan=2 | Year

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan=2 | Office

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Party

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan=3 | Votes

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan=2 | Result

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan=2 | {{abbr|Ref|Reference}}.

style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Total

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | %

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | {{abbr|P|Position}}.

style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | 2009

| Deputy

| style="background-color:{{party color|Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)}};" |

| Movement for Socialism

| 114,577

| 51.09%

| 1st

| {{yes2|Won}}

| {{sfn|Atlas Electoral|2009}}{{efn-lg|name=fn1|Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.}}

style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan=9 | Source: Plurinational Electoral Organ {{!}} [https://atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo/#/ Electoral Atlas]

References

= Notes =

= Footnotes =

= Works cited =

Online and list sources

{{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Prensa Diputados|2011}} |title=Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2011–2012 |url=http://www.diputados.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=59 |website=diputados.bo |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |publisher=Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526205735/http://www.diputados.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=59 |archive-date=26 May 2011 |access-date=1 August 2023}}
{{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Prensa Diputados|2012}} |title=Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2012–2013 |url=http://www.diputados.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=59 |website=diputados.bo |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |publisher=Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205103931/http://www.diputados.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=59 |archive-date=5 February 2012 |access-date=1 August 2023}}
{{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Atlas Electoral|2009}} |title=Elecciones Generales 2009 {{!}} Atlas Electoral |url=https://atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo/#/sub_proceso/82/40/3 |website=atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo |language=es |location=La Paz |publisher=Órgano Electoral Plurinacional |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/pv4TN |archive-date=9 August 2023 |access-date=8 August 2023}}
{{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Ministerio de Economía|2022}} |title=Promulgación de la Ley № 1455 de Protección Gremial |trans-title=Enactment of Law No. 1455 on Guild Protection |url=https://archive.org/details/promulgacion-de-la-ley-de-proteccion-gremial |publisher=Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas del Estado Plurinacional |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |date=8 September 2022 |access-date=11 August 2023 |via=the Internet Archive}}
{{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Educa|2015}} |title=Santiago de Cotagaita – Provincia Nor Chichas |url=https://www.educa.com.bo/geografia/cotagaita-municipio-de-nor-chichas |website=educa.com.bo |date=28 December 2015 |language=es |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117181745/http://www.educa.com.bo/geografia/cotagaita-municipio-de-nor-chichas |archive-date=17 November 2016 |access-date=10 August 2023}}

Digital and print publications

{{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Opinión|2014}} |title=Áreas periurbanas y periféricas |trans-title=Peri-Urban and Peripheral Areas |url=https://www.opinion.com.bo/articulo/opini-oacute-n/areas-periurbanas-perifericas/20140926195700500572.html |work=Opinión |language=es |publication-place=Cochabamba |date=26 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811014049/https://www.opinion.com.bo/articulo/opini-oacute-n/areas-periurbanas-perifericas/20140926195700500572.html |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=10 August 2023}}
{{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Los Tiempos|2022}} |title=Gobierno entrega ley que protege y garantiza las actividades de gremiales |trans-title=Government Enacts Law That Protects and Guarantees the Activities of Guild Members |url=https://archive.org/details/lostiempos-19065/page/n6 |work=Los Tiempos |language=es |publication-place=Cochabamba |date=9 September 2022 |page=7 |access-date=11 August 2023 |via=the Internet Archive}}
{{Cite news |ref={{harvid|The Washington Post|1986}} |last=Graham |first=Bradley |date=2 December 1986 |title=Bolivia Cuts Back Tin Production |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/12/02/bolivia-cuts-back-tin-production/027903fd-3cb9-4ec4-87df-f667af8b77e1/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en |publication-place=Washington, D.C. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810215623/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/12/02/bolivia-cuts-back-tin-production/027903fd-3cb9-4ec4-87df-f667af8b77e1/ |archive-date=10 August 2023 |access-date=10 August 2023}}
{{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Razón|2013}} |last=Lazcano |first=Miguel |date=17 April 2013 |title=Tarija produce el 68% del gas natural y el 69% de petróleo crudo |trans-title=Tarija Produces 68% of Natural Gas and 69% of Crude Oil |url=https://www.la-razon.com/economia/2013/04/17/tarija-produce-el-68-del-gas-natural-y-el-69-de-petroleo-crudo |work=La Razón |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812054213/https://www.la-razon.com/economia/2013/04/17/tarija-produce-el-68-del-gas-natural-y-el-69-de-petroleo-crudo/ |archive-date=12 August 2023 |access-date=12 August 2023}}
{{Cite news |ref={{harvid|El Mundo|2022}} |title=Más de 3,5 millones de gremiales se beneficiarán con la Ley N° 1455 |trans-title=More than 3.5 Million Guild Members Set to Benefit from Law No. 1455 |url=https://archive.org/details/elmundo-11112/page/n2 |work=El Mundo |language=es |publication-place=Santa Cruz de la Sierra |page=2 |date=13 September 2022 |access-date=11 August 2023 |via=the Internet Archive}}
{{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Noticias Fides|2011}} |title=Nuevo proyecto de ley busca normar el trabajo de gremiales en las calles |trans-title=New Bill Seeks to Regulate the Work of Guild Members |url=https://www.noticiasfides.com/nacional/politica/nuevo-proyecto-de-ley-busca-normar-el-trabajo-de-gremiales-en-las-calles-20111117-310876 |agency=Agencia de Noticias Fides |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |date=17 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811105338/https://www.noticiasfides.com/nacional/politica/nuevo-proyecto-de-ley-busca-normar-el-trabajo-de-gremiales-en-las-calles-20111117-310876 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=11 August 2023}}
{{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Página Siete|2013}} |last=Peralta |first=Pablo |date=13 February 2013 |title=Ninfa Huarachi, diputada del MAS: 'Ahora que tengo sueldo debo ayudar a mis organizaciones' |trans-title=Ninfa Huarachi, MAS Lawmaker: "Now That I Have a Salary, I Must Help My Organizations" |url=https://lafronterados.blogspot.com/2013/02/la-diputada-ninfa-huarachi-perdio-todo.html |work=Página Siete |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310200749/https://lafronterados.blogspot.com/2013/02/la-diputada-ninfa-huarachi-perdio-todo.html |archive-date=10 March 2023 |access-date=24 September 2023}}

Books and encyclopedias

{{Cite book |editor-last=Gonzales Salas |editor-first=Inés |year=2013 |title=Biografías: Historias de vida en la Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional |url=https://archive.org/details/historias-de-vida-en-la-asamblea-legislativa-plurinacional/page/390 |language=es |publisher=Editorial Gente Común; ERBOL; Fundación Friedrich Ebert; IDEA Internacional |pages=390–392 |isbn=978-99954-93-05-9 |oclc=876429743 |via=the Internet Archive}}
{{Cite book |last=López Levy |first=Marcela |year=2001 |title=Bolivia: An Oxfam Country Profile |url=https://archive.org/details/bolivia-oxfam-country-profile |language=en |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxfam |isbn=0-85598-455-4 |oclc=1335735570 |via=the Internet Archive}}
{{Cite book |last=Romero Ballivián |first=Salvador |author-link=Salvador Romero |year=2018 |editor-last=Quiroga Velasco |editor-first=Camilo |title=Diccionario biográfico de parlamentarios 1979–2019 |url=https://archive.org/details/diccionario-biografico-de-parlamentarios-1979-2019/page/284 |language=es |edition=2nd |location=La Paz |publisher=FUNDAPPAC; Fundación Konrad Adenauer |page=284 |isbn=978-99974-0-021-5 |oclc=1050945993 |via=the Internet Archive}}
{{Cite book |ref={{harvid|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014}} |editor-last1=Vargas Luna |editor-first1=María Elena |editor-last2=Villavicencio Arancibia |editor-first2=Jois Sarelly |year=2014 |title=Primera Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional de Bolivia, Cámara de Diputados: Diccionario biográfico, diputadas y diputados titulares y suplentes 2010–2015 |url=https://archive.org/details/primera-asamblea-legislativa-plurinacional-de-bolivia/page/84 |language=es |location=La Paz |publisher=Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional |page=84 |oclc=961105285 |via=the Internet Archive}}

External links

[https://www.vicepresidencia.gob.bo/spip.php?page=parlamentario&id_parlamentario=121 Parliamentary profile] Office of the Vice President {{inlang|es}}.
[https://erbol.com.bo/podcast/biografias_asamblea_plurinacional/ninfa_huarachi Biographic profile] ERBOL {{inlang|es}}.

{{s-ttl|title={{Br list|Member of the Chamber of Deputies|from Tarija}}|years=2010–2015}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|Bolivia|Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Organized labor|Politics}}

Category:1955 births

Category:Living people

Category:21st-century Bolivian politicians

Category:21st-century Bolivian women politicians

Category:Bolivian community activists

Category:Bolivian people of Quechua descent

Category:Bolivian politicians of indigenous peoples descent

Category:Bolivian trade unionists

Category:Bolivian women trade unionists

Category:Members of the Bolivian Chamber of Deputies from Tarija

Category:Movimiento al Socialismo politicians

Category:People from Nor Chichas Province

Category:People from Tarija

Category:Quechua politicians

Category:Women members of the Chamber of Deputies (Bolivia)