Ninja Golf

File:NinjaGolf_gameplay.png. A mini-map and heads-up display cover the bottom third of the screen.]]

Ninja Golf mixes golf and beat 'em up gameplay and puts the player in the role of a ninja who has completed their training, tasked with nine holes of the titular sport as a final test.{{cite magazine | author=Hobbs | date=May 1990 | title=ProView: Ninja Golf | url=https://archive.org/details/game-pro-issue-10-may-1990/page/50/mode/1up | magazine=GamePro | publisher=International Data Group | issue=10 | page=50 | issn=1042-8658}} Each hole (stage) begins with the player aiming their golf ball via a mini-map and shooting it toward the green.{{cite web | author=Naytor, Robert | date=June 27, 2015 | title=Ninja Golf | url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/ninja-golf/amp/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203233606/www.hardcoregaming101.net/ninja-golf/amp/ | archive-date=February 3, 2023 | website=Hardcore Gaming 101 | accessdate=March 24, 2024}}{{cite web|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=17115&tab=review|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114132202/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=17115&tab=review|title=Ninja Golf - Review|accessdate=June 16, 2015|archivedate=November 14, 2014|last=Scoleri III|first=Joseph|publisher=RhythmOne| website=AllGame}} The path to reach the ball is set up like a traditional side-scroller, where the player fights other ninjas and hostile animals along the way. These creatures include gophers, birds, giant frogs, sharks, and snakes, depending on the environment. For instance, sharks are encountered in water hazards and snakes in sand traps. Ninjas exist in all the environments, including underwater.

The player can dodge foes by jumping and crouching as well attack with punches, kicks, and a limited supply of throwing shurikens. All regular enemies die in a single hit. The player can pick up restorative items such as extra health, lives, and shurikens as well as temporary invincibility and an instant warp to the green. The pattern of taking golf swings and fighting towards the ball's landing spot repeats until the green is reached, where the player encounters a dragon boss that guards it. These battles take place in a third-person perspective. The player must hit the dragon with shurikens while moving either right or left to avoid its fireballs. The player's score increases with defeating enemies, picking up items, and finishes holes with a limited number of strokes. The game contains four difficulty levels: easy, medium, hard, and kamikaze.

Ninja Golf was developed by BlueSky Software with a team consisting of programmers David R. Sullivan and David A. Dentt alongside artist Dana Christian.{{cite magazine | author=Hawkin, Kieren | date=September 2014 | title=Atari 7800 ProSystem | magazine=Retro Gamer | publisher=Imagine Publishing | issue=132 | pages=22–7 | issn=1742-3155 | url=https://archive.org/details/RetroGamer_132/page/22/mode/2up}}{{cite magazine | author=Charla, Chris | date=March 6, 2011 | title=Ninja Golf: No Secrets Mode | magazine=Incredibly Strange Games | issue=2 | pages=5–8 | url=https://archive.org/details/isg2bookletstyle/page/n5/mode/2up}} Sullivan was contracted by BlueSky while Dentt was led to employment at the company in 1988 while working at arcade video game developer Cinematronics.{{cite web | author=Harvey, John K. | title=David A Dentt Interview (Ninja Golf and Klax Programmer) | url=https://www.atari7800forever.com/daviddentt.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202032336/https://www.atari7800forever.com/daviddentt.html | archive-date=December 2, 2021 | website=Atari 7800 Forever | accessdate=March 27, 2024}} Ninja Golf was one of several titles pitched by publisher Atari Corporation's internal software team in early 1989.{{cite magazine | author=Ratcliff, Matthew | date=May 1989 | title=ZMagazine's Z*Net: Ratty's Rap | url=https://archive.org/details/JACG_1989-05/page/n17/mode/1up | publisher=Jersey Atari Computer Group | magazine=The JACG Newsletter | volume=9 | number=3 | page=Z5}}

Sullivan claimed that BlueSky was originally set to create a comedic platformer in the spirit of the film Caddyshack, but the simultaneous popularity of ninjas in the 1980s and the success of golf games like Mean 18 led to the finalized concept. "The way it was explained to me was that sports games were popular, ninjas were popular, so Ninja Golf", Dentt recounted. "One can not help but be in awe of the thought process!" After being given the concept, the team expanded on it as development progressed, frequently receiving feedback from Atari. According to Sullivan, Christian was responsible for the game's more absurd elements and Atari was unhappy that the game swayed from a more serious tone.

The budget for the project was $77,000 USD. The programmers each worked on a separate port of the game: Dentt on a version for the Atari 7800 home console and Sullivan on a version for the Atari 8-bit computers. The two frequently shared code with one another at their weekly meetings at a Sizzler restaurant. Aside from some art, the builds were nearly identical. However, the 8-bit computer version was eventually cancelled and remaining work shifted solely to the 7800 release.

Dentt's equipment consisted of an Atari ST and one external hard disk drive. The team had planned to implement a 3D renderer for the golf gameplay, but a simpler side-view was quickly added instead as combat became the main focus. When coding the graphics, Dentt recalled that the 7800 split the screen into three distinct sections. Each section could swap its palette during interrupt, increasing the possible total of colors on-screen at once. Dentt hid a joystick test within the game even after his producer insisted it be removed.

Ninja Golf was one of a plethora of games first unveiled by Atari at the summer 1989 Consumer Electronics Show. This came alongside an announcement that the company intended to further support its consoles even as its market share continued to dwindle against overwhelming competition from Nintendo.{{cite magazine | title=Atari Features New Video Games For 3 Systems | author=Computer Entertainer staff | date=June 1989 | url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-8-3/page/13/mode/1up | magazine=Computer Entertainer | volume=8 | issue=3 | page=13 | issn=0890-2143}}{{cite magazine | author=Harris, Steve | date=December 1989 | title=New 7800 Title Announced for 1990 | url=https://archive.org/details/ElectronicGamingMonthly_201902/Electronic%20Gaming%20Monthly%20Issue%20005%20%28December%201989%29/page/n71/mode/1up?q=%22ninja+golf%22 | magazine=Electronic Gaming Monthly | publisher=Sendai Publications, Inc. | issue=5 | page=72 | issn=1058-918X}} Ninja Golf was released in North America in the fourth quarter of 1990 and was one of the last titles for the Atari 7800.{{cite magazine | title=Availability Update | author=Computer Entertainer staff | date=December 1989 | url=https://archive.org/details/computer-entertainer-8-9/page/14/mode/1up | magazine=Computer Entertainer | volume=8 | issue=9 | page=14 | issn=0890-2143}} Atari manufactured about 100,000 cartridges for retail. The game has since seen numerous re-releases. It was included on the Internet Archive's MESS emulator in 2014;{{cite magazine | author=Jones, Darran | date=February 2014 | title=Internet Archive Launches Retro Service | magazine=Retro Gamer | publisher=Imagine Publishing | issue=125 | page=8 | issn=1742-3155 | url=https://archive.org/details/revistas-brasileiras-de-games-da-net/Retro%20Gamer%20-%20revistas/2014/Retro%20Gamer%20%E2%84%96125/page/8/mode/1up}} as part of a collection of Atari games for the Evercade handheld in 2020;{{cite web | author=Russell, Graham | date=May 19, 2020 | title=Evercade Combines Nostalgic Cartridges, Modern Tech and a Quirky Game Library| url=https://www.siliconera.com/evercade-combines-nostalgic-cartridges-modern-tech-and-a-quirky-game-library/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129171823/https://www.siliconera.com/evercade-combines-nostalgic-cartridges-modern-tech-and-a-quirky-game-library/ | archive-date=January 29, 2023 | publisher=Siliconera | accessdate=November 14, 2023}}{{cite web | author=Davison, Pete | date=October 18, 2023 | title=5 of the best Atari games on Evercade | url=https://evercade.co.uk/5-of-the-best-atari-games-on-evercade/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114162729/https://evercade.co.uk/5-of-the-best-atari-games-on-evercade/ | archive-date=November 14, 2023 | publisher=Evercade | accessdate=November 14, 2023}} on the short-lived Plex Arcade streaming service in 2021;{{cite web | author=Machkovech, Sam | date=January 26, 2021 | title=Plex adds game-streaming as paid add-on, completely botches the landing |

url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2021/01/plex-adds-game-streaming-as-paid-add-on-completely-botches-the-landing/amp/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118135548/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2021/01/plex-adds-game-streaming-as-paid-add-on-completely-botches-the-landing/amp/ | archive-date=November 18, 2023 | publisher=Condé Nast | website=Ars Technica | accessdate=November 18, 2023}} on the Atari 50 compilation for eighth and ninth generation consoles in 2022;{{cite web | author=Garrido, Alberto | title=Over 100 arcade classics arrive in Atari 50: The Anniversary Celebration |

url=https://www.gamereactor.eu/over-100-arcade-classics-arrive-in-atari-50-the-anniversary-celebration-1211723/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327090852/https://www.gamereactor.eu/over-100-arcade-classics-arrive-in-atari-50-the-anniversary-celebration-1211723/ | archive-date=March 27, 2023 | publisher=Gamez Publishing A/S | website=Gamereactor | date=29 September 2022 | accessdate=November 14, 2023}} and on cartridge for the Atari 2600+ console in 2024.{{cite web | author=Bitner, Jon | date=January 31, 2024 | title=New Atari 2600+ Games And Controllers Up For Preorder At Amazon | url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-atari-2600-games-and-controllers-up-for-preorder-at-amazon/1100-6520742/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212070722/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/new-atari-2600-games-and-controllers-up-for-preorder-at-amazon/1100-6520742/ | archive-date=February 12, 2024 | website=GameSpot | publisher=Fandom Inc. | accessdate=March 17, 2024}}

An enhanced remake of Ninja Golf was developed by Alpha Dog Games and published by Atari Interactive as a free-to-play application for iOS and Android around March 2019.{{cite web | author=Sinclair, Brendan | date=October 24, 2019 | title=Bethesda acquires Alpha Dog | url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/bethesda-acquires-alpha-dog | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009233508/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/bethesda-acquires-alpha-dog | archive-date=October 9, 2023 | publisher=Gamer Network | website=GamesIndustry.biz | accessdate=November 14, 2023}}{{cite press release | author=Atari staff | date=March 18, 2019 | title=The Atari Group provides an update on recent business developments and its perspectives on the occasion of the Game Developers Conference 2019 in San Francisco | url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/03/18/1756610/0/en/The-Atari-Group-provides-an-update-on-recent-business-developments-and-its-perspectives-on-the-occasion-of-the-Game-Developers-Conference-2019-in-San-Francisco.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323072550/https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/03/18/1756610/0/en/The-Atari-Group-provides-an-update-on-recent-business-developments-and-its-perspectives-on-the-occasion-of-the-Game-Developers-Conference-2019-in-San-Francisco.html | archive-date=March 23, 2023 | publisher=GlobeNewswire | accessdate=November 14, 2023}} Like the original game, the remake switches between golf and beat 'em up gameplay, but now features fully 3D graphics.{{cite web | author=Humphrey, Quintin | date=April 8, 2019 | title=GDC 2019 Hands-On IMPRESSIONS: Ninja Golf | url=https://operationrainfall.com/2019/04/08/gdc-2019-hands-on-impressions-ninja-golf/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114143058/https://operationrainfall.com/2019/04/08/gdc-2019-hands-on-impressions-ninja-golf/ | archive-date=November 14, 2023 | publisher=Operation Rainfall | accessdate=November 14, 2023}} In 2021, Atari sold off the distribution rights to the Ninja Golf remake alongside other free-to-play apps in order to refocus on marketing premium games for console and PC.{{cite web | author=McAloon, Alissa | date=July 6, 2021 | title=Atari Gaming walks away from free-to-play games to refocus on console and PC | url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/console/atari-gaming-walks-away-from-free-to-play-games-to-refocus-on-console-and-pc | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131025321/https://www.gamedeveloper.com/console/atari-gaming-walks-away-from-free-to-play-games-to-refocus-on-console-and-pc | archive-date=January 31, 2023 | publisher=Informa | website=Game Developer | accessdate=November 14, 2023}}

Critical reception for Ninja Golf has been mixed, though retrospective media sources have considered the game very memorable due to its unusual premise and mix of genres. Robert Naytor of Hardcore Gaming 101 felt that neither the golf nor the beat 'em up gameplay were particularly well-realized, leading to a difficult and repetitive experience once the charm of the concept wears off. AllGame reviewer Joseph Scoleri III gave a similar assessment, summarized, "While these facets of the game are imaginative, amusing and fun, the overall gameplay seems a little bland in comparison." John Delaney of the Retro Gamer team noted the serious delivery of its humor as deadpan and its gameplay as fun despite being simplistic compared to other beat 'em ups and golf simulations.{{cite web | author=Delaney, Jon | date=August 5, 2008 | title=Ninja Golf | url=https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games90/ninja-golf/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508152317/https://www.retrogamer.net/retro_games90/ninja-golf/ | archive-date=May 8, 2021 | publisher=Future plc | website=Retro Gamer | accessdate=March 21, 2024}}

Wireframe contributor Ian Dransfield summarized it as having "sort of Jack Nicklaus-does-Shinobi vibes. Is it good? No, not really. Is it absurd and funny? Yep. Perfect for golf haters everywhere."{{cite magazine | author=Dransfield, Ian | date=September 2021 | title=30 Great Sports Games (for people who don't like sports) | url=https://archive.org/details/Wireframe54/page/74/mode/1up | publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation | magazine=Wireframe | issue=54 | page=74 | issn=2631-6730}} Brett Weiss wrote in his book Classic Home Video Games 1972-1984 that the game successfully combines distinct genres, lauding the boss encounters as graphically impressive and functionally reminiscent of the bonus stages from the original Shinobi.{{cite book | author=Weiss, Brett | date=December 20, 2011 | title=Classic Home Video Games 1972-1984 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BzxTtml8Jq4C&pg=PA162MV=ONEPAGE | publisher=McFarland & Company | page=162 | isbn=978-0786487554}} Atari Gaming Headquarters reviewer Matthew Lippart made a similar observation regarding the boss fights and offered general praise to its graphics. He commended the combat gameplay while noting its difficulty in attacking when jumping and summarizing it "basically Kung Fu with a really bad golf engine thrown in."{{cite web | author=Lippart, Matthew | title=AGH Atari 7800 Review: NINJA GOLF by Atari | url=http://www.atarihq.com/reviews/7800/ninja_golf.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405060059/http://www.atarihq.com/reviews/7800/ninja_golf.html | archive-date=April 5, 2023 | website=Atari Gaming Headquarters | accessdate=March 22, 2024}} Andy Slaven briefly mentioned in Video Game Bible, 1985-2002 that the game's premise "may sound wacky" but it is "surprisingly enjoyable".{{cite book | author=Slaven, Andy | date=June 30, 2002 | title=Video Game Bible, 1985-2002 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PnPRd6QwvbQC&pg=PA45MV=ONEPAGE | publisher=Trafford Publishing | page=45 | isbn=978-1553697312}}

On his list "The Best and Worst of '80s Ninja Video Games" Den of Geek writer Craig Lines proclaimed, "I’m not sure there’s a more quintessentially '80s game in existence than Ninja Golf," calling it "endlessly inventive" and "one of the best of its kind."{{cite web | author=Lines, Craig | date=July 7, 2015 | title=The Best and Worst of '80s Ninja Video Games | url=https://www.denofgeek.com/games/the-best-and-worst-of-80s-ninja-video-games/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326065921/https://www.denofgeek.com/games/the-best-and-worst-of-80s-ninja-video-games/ | archive-date=March 26, 2023 | website=Den of Geek | publisher=DoG Tech LLC | accessdate=March 23, 2024}} Levi Buchanan of IGN listed it as the second best release on the Atari 7800, stating in a tongue-in-cheek fashion, "Ninja Golf is a better conversation piece than a game. But how can you deny the concept? Or that box art?"{{cite web | author=Buchanan, Levi | date=May 9, 2008 | title=Top 10 Atari 7800 Games | url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/09/top-10-atari-7800-games | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215054609/https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/09/top-10-atari-7800-games | archive-date=February 15, 2013 | website=IGN | accessdate=March 21, 2023}}

The game has been featured on other lists by magazines and websites in the decades following its original release. This includes Next Generation’s "five most bizarre game concepts of all time", CNET's "30 dumbest videogame titles ever", Paste’s "10 Goofy Golf Videogames that Aren’t Mario Golf, Bleacher Report’s "12 Most Insane Sports Video Games Ever", and Complex’s "15 Most Violent Sports Video Games".{{cite magazine | author=Next Generation staff | date=September 1996 | title=Breaking: Top Ten | url=https://archive.org/details/NEXT_Generation_21/page/n30/mode/1up | magazine=Next Generation | publisher=Imagine Media | issue=21 | page=29 | issn=1078-9693}}{{cite web | author=Lanxon, Nate | date=November 18, 2009 | title=The 30 dumbest videogame titles ever | url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/gaming/the-30-dumbest-videogame-titles-ever/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818034301/https://www.cnet.com/tech/gaming/the-30-dumbest-videogame-titles-ever/ | archive-date=August 18, 2023 | website=CNET | publisher=Red Ventures | accessdate=March 23, 2024}}{{cite web | author=Waverly | date=July 29, 2021 | title=10 Goofy Golf Videogames that Aren't Mario Golf | url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/article/weird-golf-games-that-arent-mario-golf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003022303/https://www.pastemagazine.com/article/weird-golf-games-that-arent-mario-golf | archive-date=October 3, 2023 | website=Paste | publisher=Paste Media Group | accessdate=March 23, 2024}}{{cite web | author=Dilbert, Ryan | date=September 19, 2011 | title=The 12 Most Insane Sports Video Games Ever | url=https://syndication.bleacherreport.com/amp/854790-the-top-12-most-insane-sports-video-games-ever.amp.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318112341/https://syndication.bleacherreport.com/amp/854790-the-top-12-most-insane-sports-video-games-ever.amp.html | archive-date=March 18, 2024 | website=Bleacher Report | publisher=TNT Sports Interactive | accessdate=March 23, 2024}}{{cite web | author=Matthews, David | date=November 20, 2012 | title=The 15 Most Violent Sports Video Games | url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/complex/violent-sports-video-games | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001041143/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/complex/violent-sports-video-games | archive-date=October 1, 2023 | website=Complex | accessdate=March 23, 2024}} The game's cover art has been considered among the worst of all time by IGN,{{cite web |author=News & Features Team |title=Top 25 Tuesday: Most Awesome Covers |website=IGN |date=March 27, 2007 |accessdate=April 10, 2011 |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/27/top-25-tuesday-most-awesome-covers?page=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020080304/http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/03/27/top-25-tuesday-most-awesome-covers?page=5 |archive-date=October 20, 2012}} Complex,{{cite web | author=Rogueau, Michael | date=April 12, 2012 | title=The 50 Most Awful Retro Video Game Box Art Covers | url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/michael-rougeau/the-50-most-awful-retro-video-game-box-art-covers | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912101548/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/michael-rougeau/the-50-most-awful-retro-video-game-box-art-covers | archive-date=September 12, 2023 | website=Complex | accessdate=March 23, 2024}} ComicsAlliance,{{cite web | author=Sims, Chris | date=January 12, 2012 | title=20 Amazingly Weird Pieces of Video Game Box Art | url=https://comicsalliance.com/20-amazingly-weird-pieces-of-classic-video-game-box-art/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331232234/https://comicsalliance.com/20-amazingly-weird-pieces-of-classic-video-game-box-art/ | archive-date=March 31, 2023 | website=ComicsAlliance | publisher=Townsquare Media | accessdate=March 23, 2024}} Comic Book Resources,{{cite web | author=Kurland, Daniel | date=March 31, 2022 | title=10 Video Games With The Worst Box Art | url=https://www.cbr.com/worst-video-game-box-art-ranked/#ninja-golf-is-a-ridiculous-parody-that-asks-to-be-taken-seriously | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307212537/https://www.cbr.com/worst-video-game-box-art-ranked/#ninja-golf-is-a-ridiculous-parody-that-asks-to-be-taken-seriously | archive-date=March 7, 2024 | website=Comic Book Resources | publisher=Valnet Inc. | accessdate=March 23, 2024}} T3,{{cite web | author=Sawh, Michael | date=October 21, 2012 | title=Bad Covers: Worst video game covers ever | url=https://www.t3.com/features/bad-covers | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609171703/https://www.t3.com/features/bad-covers | archive-date=June 9, 2023 | website=T3 | publisher=Future plc | accessdate=March 25, 2024}} Sports Illustrated,{{cite magazine | author=Graham, Bryan Armen | date=April 25, 2013 | title=17 Examples of Sports Video Game Cover Art That Make Other Art Embarrassed to Be Art | url=https://www.si.com/extra-mustard/2013/04/25/17-examples-of-sports-video-game-cover-art-that-makes-other-art-embarrassed-to-be-art | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230134539/https://www.si.com/extra-mustard/2013/04/25/17-examples-of-sports-video-game-cover-art-that-makes-other-art-embarrassed-to-be-art | archive-date=December 30, 2023 | magazine=Sports Illustrated | publisher=The Arena Group | accessdate=March 23, 2024}} and Grunge.{{cite web | author1=David, Collin |author2=Gates, Christopher | date=March 9, 2023 | title=Worst Video Game Covers Of All Time | url=https://www.grunge.com/79131/worst-video-game-covers-time/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203175119/https://www.grunge.com/79131/worst-video-game-covers-time/ | archive-date=December 3, 2023 | website=Grunge | publisher=Static Media | accessdate=March 24, 2024}}

{{reflist|2}}

• [https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/atari7800/585416-ninja-golf Ninja Golf] at GameFAQs
• {{moby game|id=/ninja-golf|name=Ninja Golf}}

Category:1990 video games

Category:Atari 7800 games

Category:Atari 7800-only games

Category:Atari games

Category:Beat 'em ups

Category:BlueSky Software games

Category:Cancelled Atari 8-bit computer games

Category:Golf video games

Category:Japan in non-Japanese culture

Category:Side-scrolling video games

Category:Single-player video games

Category:Video games about ninja

Category:Video games developed in the United States