North Franklin Mountain
{{Short description|Mountain in Texas, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = North Franklin Mountain
| photo = Northfranklinfromelephant2.jpg
| photo_caption = North Franklin Mountain, looking northeast from South Franklin Mountain
| elevation_ft = 7192
| elevation_ref =
| prominence_ft = 2981
| prominence_ref = [http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=4281 Peakbagger: North Franklin Mountain]
| location = El Paso County, Texas, U.S.
| range = Franklin Mountains
| coordinates = {{coord|31.90278|N|106.49333|W|format=dms|type:mountain_region:US|display=inline,title}}
| topo = USGS North Franklin Mountain
| easiest_route = Mundy's Gap Trail + North Franklin Peak Trail
}}
North Franklin Mountain (or North Franklin Peak) is a mountain in the Franklin Mountains of El Paso, Texas, located in the Southwestern United States. North Franklin, at {{convert|7192|ft|m|0}}, is the highest point in El Paso, and the 27th-highest mountain in the state of
Texas.[http://americasroof.com/highest/tx.shtml Texas Highest Named Summits] Surrounded by a state park and with a maintained trail leading to its summit, the mountain is a popular hiking destination. The eastern slope extends into Castner Range National Monument.
North Franklin is located entirely within the city of El Paso, approximately {{convert|10|mi|km}} east of the Texas–New Mexico border and {{convert|15|mi|km}} north of the U.S.–Mexico border. The mountain is the highest of the Franklins, clipping nearby Anthony's Nose by just over {{convert|200|ft|m}} and neighboring South Franklin by nearly {{convert|300|ft|m}}. North Franklin rises {{convert|3300|ft|m}} above both its western base in the Mesilla Valley and its eastern base in the Hueco Bolson. In spite of its name, North Franklin is actually in the central Franklins, being the northernmost of the range's two key peaks (South Franklin, of course, is the other). To the south of these, the South Franklins include the peaks Mount Franklin and Ranger Peak
{{cite web
| title = Franklin Mountains
| url = http://www.summitpost.org/franklin-mountains/472740
}} (all of the television broadcast towers for El Paso are in the Southern Franklins).
Like most of the Franklins, North Franklin Mountain is visible from many miles away. When observed from the east or west, North Franklin is shaped like a scalene triangle, with its long side facing its dome-shaped sister peak South Franklin Mountain. This quality makes it a valuable navigation point when traversing the desert areas around El Paso.
Geology
The Franklin Mountains are tilted-block fault mountains composed of sedimentary rocks, some of which date back to Precambrian times and are among the oldest in Texas. The mountains are the southernmost extent of the Laramide orogeny, which occurred 60-70 million years ago.{{cite web|first=Robert|last1=Miles|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/rjf14|title=Franklin Mountains|work=The Handbook of Texas Online|accessdate=1 April 2007}} The Precambrian rocks atop North Franklin Mountain represent "the highest geological structure in the state of Texas."{{cite web|first=DV|last=LeMone|url=http://www.geo.utep.edu/pub/lemone/1301/franklin_mts.html|title=The Franklin Mountains of El Paso, Texas|publisher=University of Texas-El Paso Department of Geology|accessdate=1 April 2007|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615202144/http://www.geo.utep.edu/pub/lemone/1301/franklin_mts.html|archivedate=15 June 2010}}
North Franklin gets its reddish color from the unusually high levels of oxidized iron in the volcanic rocks coating its summit and higher slopes.{{cite web|first=Michael|last=Whitelaw|url=http://www.geo.utep.edu/loca/Precambrian/transmtn.htm|title=Geological Excursions To a Transmountain Precambrian Adventure|publisher=University of Texas–El Paso Department of Geology|accessdate=1 April 2007}}
History
File:Residence Section and Mt. Franklin, El Paso, Texas.jpg
For centuries, Native Americans and other travellers have used the vegetation and wildlife in the Franklins when crossing the Paso del Norte—the gap between the Franklin Mountains and the Juarez Mountains that is now the site of Ciudad Juárez and El Paso. Pictographs and mortar pits attest to a human presence in the mountains dating back more than 12,000 years.[http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/spdest/findadest/parks/franklin/ Franklin Mountains State Park]. Texas Parks and Wildlife Division Website. Retrieved: 1 April 2007.
The Franklin Mountains are probably named after Benjamin Franklin Coons, who in 1849 purchased a ranch in what is now the El Paso area. Initially known as Coons Ranch, by 1851 the settlement had apparently taken Coons' middle name and was called "Franklin".W.H. Timmons, El Paso: A Borderlands History (El Paso: Texas Western Press/UTEP, 1990), 111.
Despite the town being officially named El Paso in 1852, the locals continued to call it Franklin throughout the 1850s.W.H. Timmons, El Paso: A Borderlands History (El Paso: Texas Western Press/UTEP, 1990), 112.
The El Paso Tin Mining and Smelting Company operated a tin mine on the northeast slope of North Franklin from 1909–1915. While the mine had the distinction of being the only tin mine ever located in the U.S., the venture was an economic failure. Today, a trail leading to the ruins of the mine forks off the North Franklin Peak Trail, just east of Mundy's Gap.Robert Miles, "[http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/rjf14 Franklin Mountains]." The Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved: 1 April 2007.
Access
Image:Summitanthonysnose1b.jpg
The trailhead is in the Tom Mays Unit (not the park headquarters in McKelligon Canyon) of the Franklin Mountains State Park near the summit of Woodrow Bean Transmountain Drive (Highway Loop 375). The Mundy's Gap Trail rises out of the Tom Mays section and winds {{convert|1.6|mi|km}} to Mundy's Gap, on the north slope of North Franklin Mountain. From Mundy's Gap, the North Franklin Peak Trail follows the mountain's eastern slope for approximately three miles to the summit. Various spur trails branch off the main trail along the way.
The summit of North Franklin has been flattened out, with an area equal to the size of a small parking lot. The only man-made structure at the summit is a {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=on}} ham radio repeater and ELT receiver maintained by the West Texas Repeater Association. On a typical day, the Organ Mountains of New Mexico can be seen along the horizon to the north. To the east, the Guadalupe Mountains rise some {{convert|100|mi|km}} in the distance. Most of the Mesilla Valley is visible to the west, including parts of El Paso and Ciudad Juárez, and most of the town of Anthony. South Franklin Mountain and the Juarez Mountains are to the south.
Anthony's Nose, the second highest peak, can be accessed from Tom Mays Unit by an unofficial trail originating from the C5 campsite (parking is at the same place as for the Aztec Cave trail). From the C5 campsite, the trail gradually winds uphill to the left, then goes directly up to the ridgeline across a narrow rocky pass. The trail then follows the ridgeline northward about 2 miles directly to Anthony's Nose. Although no technical gear is needed, there are a couple of difficult climbing areas along the way and the entire round trip takes about 10 hours. Once again, it is not an official trail, so it is not as well-maintained as other trails in the park.
Climate
The climate type of North Franklin Mountain belongs to the hot-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa), which is close to cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk). Unlike the desert climate of downtown El Paso, the state park is located at a higher altitude in the mountains, which can intercept a large amount of moisture from the air, thereby forming precipitation.
{{Weather box|width=60%
|single line = Y
|location = North Franklin Mountain, 1991–2020 normals
|Jan high F = 52.8
|Feb high F = 54.8
|Mar high F = 61.1
|Apr high F = 68.9
|May high F = 77.4
|Jun high F = 86.9
|Jul high F = 85.9
|Aug high F = 83.6
|Sep high F = 78.7
|Oct high F = 70.6
|Nov high F = 60.3
|Dec high F = 53.2
|year high F =
|Jan mean F = 42.0
|Feb mean F = 43.5
|Mar mean F = 49.2
|Apr mean F = 56.0
|May mean F = 64.6
|Jun mean F = 73.9
|Jul mean F = 73.8
|Aug mean F = 72.2
|Sep mean F = 67.3
|Oct mean F = 58.7
|Nov mean F = 49.1
|Dec mean F = 42.5
|year mean F =
|Jan low F = 31.2
|Feb low F = 32.3
|Mar low F = 37.2
|Apr low F = 43.1
|May low F = 51.9
|Jun low F = 60.8
|Jul low F = 61.8
|Aug low F = 60.9
|Sep low F = 55.9
|Oct low F = 46.8
|Nov low F = 37.9
|Dec low F = 31.8
|year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.61
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.53
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.39
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.42
|May precipitation inch = 0.46
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.72
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.25
|Aug precipitation inch = 2.27
|Sep precipitation inch = 2.17
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.86
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.71
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.32
|year precipitation inch =
|Jan dew point F = 18.2
|Feb dew point F = 17.0
|Mar dew point F = 17.8
|Apr dew point F = 18.3
|May dew point F = 24.9
|Jun dew point F = 35.0
|Jul dew point F = 48.2
|Aug dew point F = 50.1
|Sep dew point F = 44.8
|Oct dew point F = 32.9
|Nov dew point F = 23.4
|Dec dew point F = 20.0
|year dew point F =
|source 1 = PRISM Climate Group{{cite web|url=http://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University|website=prism.oregonstate.edu|access-date=June 1, 2023}}}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/pwdpubs/media/park_maps/pwd_mp_p4501_124d.pdf Franklin Mountains State Park, Tom Mays Unit, trail map]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100615202144/http://www.geo.utep.edu/pub/lemone/1301/franklin_mts.html Geology of the Franklin Mountains ] – Hosted by the University of Texas-El Paso
- [http://www.k5elp.com West Texas Repeater Association ] – The WTRA maintains the repeater atop North Franklin
{{Mountains of Texas}}