North Korean–Russian Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
{{Short description|2024 security and defense treaty}}
{{Infobox treaty
| name = North Korean–Russian Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
| long_name = Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the Russian Federation and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| image = Vladimir Putin and Kim Jong-un (2024-06-19) 12.jpg
| caption = Kim Jong Un and Vladimir Putin during the 2024 Summit
| type = Treaty of friendship
Defense pact
| date_signed = {{start date|2024|06|18|df=y}}
| date_effective = {{start date|2024|12|4|df=y}}
| location_signed = Government Complex No. 1, Pyongyang, North Korea
| signatories = * {{flagdeco|North Korea}} President of State Affairs, Kim Jong Un
- {{flagdeco|Russia}} President Vladimir Putin
| parties = * {{flag|North Korea}}
- {{flag|Russia}}
| languages = * Russian
| ratifiers = * {{flagdeco|North Korea}} President of State Affairs Kim Jong Un
- {{flagdeco|Russia}} State Duma
- {{flagdeco|Russia}} Federation Council
| date_ratified = *6 November (Russia)
- 11 November (North Korea)
| wikisource =
}}
The Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the Russian Federation and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is a security and defense treaty between North Korea and Russia. It was signed on 18 June 2024 during a visit by Russian president Vladimir Putin to North Korea.
History
The treaty was signed on 18 June 2024 by North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and Russian president Vladimir Putin in Pyongyang. It came amidst deepening ties between Russia and North Korea and suspected North Korean support for Russia during its invasion of Ukraine.{{Cite news |last=Wong |first=Tessa |date=19 June 2024 |title=Putin and Kim pledge mutual help against 'aggression' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ceddqkqzd5wo |access-date=15 October 2024 |work=BBC News |archive-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930055306/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ceddqkqzd5wo |url-status=live }} Kim described the relationship between two nations as a "fiery friendship" and called the treaty the "strongest ever treaty", while Putin praised it as a "breakthrough document".{{Cite news |last=Kim |first=Tong-hyung |last2=Ghosal |first2=Aniruddha |date=20 June 2024 |title=Russia and North Korea sign partnership deal that appears to be the strongest since the Cold War |url=https://apnews.com/article/vladimir-putin-kim-jong-un-russia-north-korea-summit-ukraine-a6b8d2c12de7ee2ab6716d4747c9850e |access-date=15 October 2024 |work=Associated Press |archive-date=19 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619042432/https://apnews.com/article/vladimir-putin-kim-jong-un-russia-north-korea-summit-ukraine-a6b8d2c12de7ee2ab6716d4747c9850e |url-status=live }}
Content
The treaty is composed of a preamble and 23 articles.{{Cite news |date=21 June 2024 |title=N. Korea's new pact with Russia is 'mirror image' of Yoon's alliance with US |url=https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_northkorea/1145933.html |access-date=15 October 2024 |work=The Hankyoreh |archive-date=5 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005015140/https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_northkorea/1145933.html |url-status=live }} It covers political, trade, investment, and security cooperation.{{Cite news |last=Regan |first=Helen |last2=Bae |first2=Gawon |last3=Seo |first3=Yoonjung |date=20 June 2024 |title=North Korea says Kim and Putin's defense pact permits all available means to assist each other if either nation attacked |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/20/asia/russia-putin-kim-deal-military-assistance-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=15 October 2024 |work=CNN |archive-date=26 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926020722/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/20/asia/russia-putin-kim-deal-military-assistance-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}
Article 3 states "in case a direct threat of armed invasion is created", the two nations "shall immediately operate the channel of bilateral negotiations for the purpose of adjusting their stands" and "discussing feasible practical measures". Article 4 of the treaty states that should either nation "put in a state of war by an armed invasion", the other "provide military and other assistance with all means in its possession without delay" in accordance "with Article 51 of the UN Charter and the laws of the DPRK and the Russian Federation".
Article 8 states the two sides "shall establish mechanisms" to "strengthen defense capabilities to prevent war". Article 10 states that the parties "develop exchanges and cooperation" in areas such as science and "peaceful nuclear energy".{{Cite web |last=Davenport |first=Kelsey |date=August 2024 |title=North Korea, Russia Strengthen Military Ties |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2024-07/news/north-korea-russia-strengthen-military-ties |access-date=15 October 2024 |website=Arms Control Association |archive-date=9 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909015401/https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2024-07/news/north-korea-russia-strengthen-military-ties |url-status=live }} The treaty also expresses opposition to "unilateral coercive measures of an extraterritorial nature." Article 16 state the two nations "consider the implementation of such measures to be illegal and acts that violate the U.N. Charter and international norms".{{Cite news |last=Kim |first=eung-yeon |date=20 June 2024 |title=New Russia-N.K. treaty signals united front against anti-Pyongyang sanctions |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20240620009600315 |access-date=15 October 2024 |work=Yonhap News Agency |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620084619/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20240620009600315 |url-status=live }}
Ratification
On 24 October 2024, the State Duma unanimously voted to ratify the agreement;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=24 October 2024 |title=Russian Parliament Ratifies Defense Treaty With North Korea |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/10/24/russian-parliament-ratifies-defense-treaty-with-north-korea-a86792 |access-date= |website=The Moscow Times |language=en}} the Federation Council ratified the treaty on 6 November, in a similar unanimous vote.{{cite web |date=6 November 2024 |title=Russian Senators Ratify Defense Treaty With North Korea |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/11/06/russian-senators-ratify-defense-treaty-with-north-korea-a86915 |accessdate= |website=The Moscow Times |publisher=}} On 9 November 2024, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the North Korea-Russia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Treaty into law.{{cite web |date=9 November 2024 |title=Putin signs into law mutual defence treaty with North Korea |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-signs-mutual-defence-treaty-with-north-korea-2024-11-09/ |access-date= |website=Reuters}}
Kim Jong Un in his capacity as the President of the State Affairs Commission of North Korea signed a decree which ratified the treaty on 11 November 2024.{{cite web |date=2024-11-12 |title=North Korea ratifies landmark mutual defence treaty with Russia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/12/north-korea-ratifies-landmark-mutual-defence-treaty-with-russia |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Al Jazeera |ref={{sfnref|Al Jazeera|2024}}}}{{cite web |date=2024-11-12 |title=N.Korean leader signs decree to ratify strategic partnership treaty with Russia |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20241112_08/ |accessdate=2024-12-04 |publisher=NHK World}}
The treaty officially came into force on 4 December 2024 after the exchange of ratification instruments.{{cite web |date=2024-12-04 |title=North Korea-Russia treaty comes into force, KCNA says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/north-korea-russia-treaty-comes-into-force-kcna-says-2024-12-04/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Reuters |ref={{sfnref|Reuters|2024}}}}
Aftermath
{{Main|North Korean involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
In October 2024, according to South Korea's intelligence agency, North Korea sent 1,500 special operation forces in Russia to prepare for battle in Ukraine.{{Cite news |last=Kim |first=Thong-Yiung |date=October 18, 2024 |title=South Korean intelligence says North has sent troops to aid Russia's war in Ukraine |url=https://apnews.com/article/north-korea-russia-ukraine-war-troops-south-spy-9cd563c5570f68e9b314976009682810 |work=AP News |access-date=October 20, 2024 |archive-date=November 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109073238/https://apnews.com/article/north-korea-russia-ukraine-war-troops-south-spy-9cd563c5570f68e9b314976009682810 |url-status=live }} In December 2024 Aleksandr Matsegora, the Russian ambassador to North Korea, hosted a reception to mark the signature of the treaty.{{cite web|url=https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1733990611-457440576/russian-ambassador-to-dprk-hosts-reception/|title=Russian Ambassador to DPRK Hosts Reception|date=2024-12-11|accessdate=2025-02-04}}{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.kp/view/article/21628|title=조선민주주의인민공화국과 로씨야련방사이의 포괄적인 전략적동반자관계에 관한 조약비준에 즈음하여 로씨야특명전권대사 연회 마련|publisher=DPRK Ministry of Foreign Affairs|lang=ko|accessdate=2025-02-04}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1718870859-459880358/dprk-russia-treaty-on-comprehensive-strategic-partnership/ The Text of the Treaty] — Korean Central Television
Category:21st-century military alliances
Category:North Korea–Russia relations
Category:Military alliances involving North Korea
Category:Military alliances involving Russia
Category:Treaties concluded in 2024
Category:North Korean involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine