Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention

The idea for a constitutional convention was first mooted by the Northern Ireland Office in its white paper The Northern Ireland Constitution, published on 4 July 1974.{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/hmso/cmd5675.htm |title=The Northern Ireland Constitution (1974) |publisher=Cain.ulst.ac.uk |date=1 January 1974 |access-date=7 August 2013 |archive-date=9 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709040129/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/hmso/cmd5675.htm |url-status=live }} The paper laid out plans for elections to a body which would seek agreement on a political settlement for Northern Ireland. The proposals became law with the enactment of the Northern Ireland Act 1974 later that month. With Lord Chief Justice Robert Lowry appointed to chair the new body, elections were announced for 1 May 1975.{{Cite legislation UK |type=si |year=1975 |number=449 |si=The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention (Polling Day) Order 1975 |article= |date=17 March 1975 |accessdate=18 August 2023}}

The elections were held for the 78-member body using the single transferable vote system of proportional representation in each of Northern Ireland's twelve Westminster constituencies. Initially the body was intended to be purely consultative, although it was hoped that executive and legislative functions could be devolved to the NICC once a cross-community agreement had been reached.

Unionists opposed to the NICC once again banded together under the umbrella of the United Ulster Unionist Council (UUUC) and this coalition proved the most successful, taking 46 seats.

File:Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention 1975 Seats.svg

Source: [http://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/fc75.htm Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention Elections 1975]

{{bar box

| title = Popular vote

| titlebar = #ddd

| width = 500px

| barwidth = 290px

| bars =

{{bar percent|Ulster Unionist|#48A5EE|25.4}}

{{bar percent|SDLP|#99FF66|23.7}}

{{bar percent|DUP|#D46A4C|14.8}}

{{bar percent|Vanguard|darkorange|12.7}}

{{bar percent|Alliance|gold|9.8}}

{{bar percent|Unionist Party NI|#ffa07a|7.7}}

{{bar percent|Republican Clubs|#EE0000|2.2}}

{{bar percent|NI Labour|#cd5c5c|1.4}}

{{bar percent|Ind. Loyalist (UUUC)|#DDFFDD|0.9}}

{{bar percent|Other|#777777|1.4}}

}}

{{bar box

| title = Parliamentary seats

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| width = 500px

| barwidth = 290px

| bars =

{{bar percent|Ulster Unionist|#48A5EE|24.4}}

{{bar percent|SDLP|#99FF66|21.8}}

{{bar percent|Vanguard|darkorange|17.9}}

{{bar percent|DUP|#D46A4C|15.4}}

{{bar percent|Alliance|gold|10.3}}

{{bar percent|Unionist Party NI|#ffa07a|6.4}}

{{bar percent|NI Labour|#cd5c5c|1.3}}

{{bar percent|Ind. Loyalist (UUUC)|#DDFFDD|1.3}}

{{bar percent|Ind. Unionist|lightblue|1.3}}

}}

{{main|Members of the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention}}

A number of leading Northern Ireland politicians were elected to the NICC, increasing hope that the body might achieve some of its aims. Also elected were some younger figures who went on to become leading figures in the future of Northern Ireland politics. These included:

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}

• Glenn Barr – VUPP
• Lord Brookeborough – UPNI
• William Craig – VUPP
• Austin Currie – SDLP
• Reg Empey – VUPP
• Brian Faulkner – UPNI
• Gerry Fitt – SDLP
• John Hume – SDLP
• James Kilfedder – UUP
• Seamus Mallon – SDLP
• Oliver Napier – APNI
• Ian Paisley – DUP
• Martin Smyth – UUP
• John Taylor – UUP
• David Trimble – VUPP
• Harry West – UUP

{{div col end}}

The elections left the body fundamentally weakened from its inception as an overall majority had been obtained by those Unionists who opposed power sharing as a concept. As a result, the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention Report published on 20 November 1975{{cite web |author=Dr Martin Melaugh |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/convention/nicc75report.htm |title=Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention Report, 20 November 1975 |publisher=Cain.ulst.ac.uk |access-date=7 August 2013 |archive-date=9 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709040134/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/convention/nicc75report.htm |url-status=live }} recommended only a return to majority rule as had previously existed under the old Parliament of Northern Ireland government. As such a solution was completely unacceptable to the nationalist parties, the NICC was placed on hiatus. The NICC report in its conclusion said of mandatory power-sharing with a role for the SDLP in a devolved government:

{{Blockquote|...no country ought to be forced to have in its Cabinet any person whose political philosophy and attitudes have revealed his opposition to the very existence of that State.}}

Hoping to gain something from the exercise, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Merlyn Rees announced that the NICC would be reconvened on 3 February 1976.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} However, a series of meetings held between the UUUC and the SDLP failed to reach any agreement about SDLP participation in government, and so the reconvened NICC once again failed to achieve a solution with cross-community support. As a result, Rees announced the dissolution of the body on 4 March 1976 effective two days later, and Northern Ireland remained under direct rule.{{Cite legislation UK |type=si |year=1976 |number=349 |si=The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention (Dissolution) Order 1976 |article= |date=4 March 1976 |accessdate=18 August 2023 |quote= "The Convention... is hereby dissolved with effect from 6th March 1976"}} The relevant parts of the Northern Ireland Act 1974 governing the creation and operation of the Convention were subsequently repealed by the Northern Ireland Act 1982.{{Cite legislation UK |type=act |year=1982 |chapter=38 |schedule=3 |act=Northern Ireland Act 1982|section= |date= |accessdate=18 August 2023}}

On the face of it, the NICC was a total failure as it did not achieve its aims of agreement between the two sides or of introducing 'rolling devolution' (gradual introduction of devolution as and when the parties involved saw fit to accept it). Nevertheless, coming as it did not long after the Conservative-sponsored Sunningdale Agreement, the NICC indicated that no British government would be prepared to re-introduce majority rule in Northern Ireland. During the debates William Craig accepted the possibility of power-sharing with the SDLP, a move that split the UUUC and precipitated the eventual collapse of Vanguard.

The idea of electing a consultative body to thrash out a deal for devolution was also retained and in 1996 it was revived when the Northern Ireland Forum was elected on largely the same lines and with the same overall purpose. The Forum formed part of a process that led to the Good Friday Agreement and the Northern Ireland Assembly.

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/fc75.htm A full discussion of the election results]
• [https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/events/convention/index.html Conflict Archive - University of Ulster]

{{Northern Ireland elections}}

{{United Kingdom local elections, 1975}}

Category:Constitutional conventions (political meeting)

Category:General elections in Northern Ireland

Category:Government of Northern Ireland

Category:Constitutional history of Northern Ireland

Category:May 1975 in the United Kingdom

Category:1975 elections in Northern Ireland