Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni complex
{{See also|Prehistory of Transylvania#Noua culture}}
{{Infobox archaeological culture
|name=Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni complex
|map=
|mapalt=
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|region=Ukraine, Moldova, Romania
|period=Bronze Age
|dates=16th century - 11th century BC
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|precededby=Multi-cordoned ware culture, Srubnaya culture, Monteoru culture, Wietenberg culture, Tei culture
|followedby=Urnfield culture, Gava culture, Belozerka culture}}
The Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni complex was a late Bronze Age archaeological cultural complex located in Ukraine, Moldova and Romania, dating from the 16th to 11th centuries BC, consisting of the closely related Noua, Sabatinovka and Coslogeni cultures.{{cite web |date=2023 |title=Bronze Age |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.md/en/timetape/2000_dc_inceputul_mileniul_al_iii_lea/bronze_age/ |website=The National Museum of History of Moldova}}{{cite book |last=Boroffka |first=Nikolaus |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258343824 |title=The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age |date=2013 |isbn=978-0-19-957286-1 |editor-last1=Harding |editor-first1=Anthony |pages=888–890 |chapter=Chapter 47: Romania, Moldova, and Bulgaria |publisher=OUP Oxford |quote=The Late Bronze Age is marked by two cultural groupings, a south-eastern (Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni) and a western (channelled pottery). ... in Moldova and Ukraine, a specific settlement type of the Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni complex is the so-called ash-mound |editor-last2=Fokkens |editor-first2=Harry}}{{cite book |last=Parzinger |first=Hermann |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hefUAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA404 |title=The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age |date=2013 |isbn=978-0-19-957286-1 |editor-last1=Harding |editor-first1=Anthony |chapter=Chapter 48: Ukraine and South Russia in the Bronze Age |publisher=OUP Oxford |quote=The absolute chronology of the Noua culture, based on radiocarbon dating and synchronisms with the Carpathian Basin, fits in the fourteenth to thirteenth/twelfth centuries BC. To a large extent this corresponds to the beginnings of the Sabatinovka culture and emphasizes the contemporaneity of the two cultures. |editor-last2=Fokkens |editor-first2=Harry}}{{cite web |title=Noua culture |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CN%5CO%5CNouaculture.htm |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine}}
Characteristics
Origin
The Sabatinovka culture was formed on the basis of the Multi-Cordon Ware culture,{{cite book |last=Kuzmina |first=Elena E. |author-link=Elena Efimovna Kuzmina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x5J9rn8p2-IC |title=The Origin of the Indo-Iranians |publisher=BRILL |year=2007 |isbn=978-90-04-16054-5 |editor-last=Mallory |editor-first=J. P. |editor-link=J. P. Mallory |pages=355–359}}{{Cite book |last=Kuzmina |first=Elena E. |url=https://old.bigenc.ru/archeology/text/3526484# |title=Great Russian Encyclopedia |year=2015 |edition=29 |location=Moscow |pages=173 |language=ru}} there is also the influence of the Srubnaya culture and Monteoru.{{sfn|Kuzmina|2007|pp=356}} Noua culture and Coslogeni were formed as a result of the fusion of local cultures (Monteoru, Tei and Wietenbrg cultures) with the arriving carriers of the Sabatinovka culture.{{Cite book |last=Sava |first=E.N. |url=https://old.bigenc.ru/archeology/text/2665336# |title=Great Russian Encyclopedia |year=2013 |edition=23 |location=Moscow |pages=96–97 |language=ru}}
The relationship of the archaeological complex as part of the Srubnaya culture is a subject of debate.{{sfn|Kuzmina|2007|pp=355}}
Successors
Belozerka culture was the successor of the Sabatinovka culture.{{sfn|Kuzmina|2007|pp=356}}
Noua culture and Coslogeni was absorbed by Urnfield culture (Gava culture)
Ethnicity
Noua culture and Coslogeni were of Thracian origin, while Sabatinovka culture were of Iranian or Thracian origin.{{sfn|Kuzmina|2007|pp=355-359}}{{cite book |last=Sulimirski |first=T. |author-link=Tadeusz Sulimirski |year=1985 |chapter=The Scyths |editor-last=Gershevitch |editor-first=I. |editor-link=Ilya Gershevitch |series=The Cambridge History of Iran |title=The Median and Achaemenian Periods |volume=2 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=152–183 |isbn=978-1-139-05493-5}}
Gallery
File:Bronz preistoric Chisinau mai 2014 -0060.jpg|Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni bronze sceptre, Moldova.{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalmuseum.md/en/timetape/2000_dc_inceputul_mileniul_al_iii_lea/bronze_age/ |website=The National Museum of History of Moldova |title=Bronze Age |date=2023}}
File:Bronmzuri preistorice.jpg|Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni bronze artefacts, Moldova
File:Teukry.jpg|Bronze artefacts and casting mould, Ukraine
Genetics
= Haplogroups =
Noua culture and Sabatinovka culture had a male haplogroup R1a, from female haplogroups were present J1, U8a1a1, U2e1b.{{Cite journal |last1=Lazaridis |first1=Iosif |last2=Alpaslan-Roodenberg |first2=Songül |last3=Acar |first3=Ayşe |last4=Açıkkol |first4=Ayşen |last5=Agelarakis |first5=Anagnostis |last6=Aghikyan |first6=Levon |last7=Akyüz |first7=Uğur |last8=Andreeva |first8=Desislava |last9=Andrijašević |first9=Gojko |last10=Antonović |first10=Dragana |last11=Armit |first11=Ian |last12=Atmaca |first12=Alper |last13=Avetisyan |first13=Pavel |last14=Aytek |first14=Ahmet İhsan |last15=Bacvarov |first15=Krum |date=2022|title=The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm4247 |journal=Science |volume=377 |issue=6609 |pages=eabm4247 |doi=10.1126/science.abm4247 |pmid=36007055 |pmc=10064553 |s2cid=251843620 |issn=0036-8075}}
= Autosomal DNA =
The Noua and Sabatinovka cultures have a genetically similar origin, which distinguishes the Noua culture from its predecessor Monteoru, which was predominantly of Neolithic origin.
File:Sabatinovka-DNA.png|Autosomal DNA Sabatinovka culture
File:Noua-DNA.png|Autosomal DNA Noua Culture