November 2018 Kowloon West by-election
{{for|the Kowloon West by-election held on 11 March 2018|Hong Kong by-election, March 2018}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2018 Kowloon West by-election
| country = Hong Kong
| flag_year =
| flag_image =
| type = presidential
| vote_type = Popular
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2016 Hong Kong legislative election
| previous_year = 2016
| previous_mps =
| election_date = {{Start date|2018|11|25|df=yes}}
| elected_mps =
| next_election = 2021 Hong Kong legislative election
| next_year = 2021
| next_mps =
| votes_for_election=
| needed_votes =
| seats_for_election=
| majority_seats =
| opinion_polls =
| registered =
| turnout = 44.45%
| image1 = File:Democrats-fail-to-regain-veto-power-7 (cropped).jpg
| colour1 =
| candidate1 = Chan Hoi-yan
| party1 = Nonpartisan politician
| alliance1 = Pro-Beijing camp
| popular_vote1 = 106,457
| percentage1 = 49.52%
| image2 = File:Democrats-fail-to-regain-veto-power-3 (cropped).jpg
| colour2 =
| candidate2 = Lee Cheuk-yan
| party2 = Labour Party (Hong Kong)
| alliance2 = Pro-democracy camp
| popular_vote2 = 93,047
| percentage2 = 43.28%
| image3 = File:Democrats-fail-to-regain-veto-power-4 (cropped).jpg
| colour3 =
| candidate3 = Frederick Fung
| party3 = Nonpartisan politician
| alliance3 = N/A
| popular_vote3 = 12,509
| percentage3 = 5.82%
| map_image = LegCoByElection2018KLWbyDist.svg
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map =
| map_caption = Candidates with most votes by each district (blue for Chan)
| title = Legislative Councillor
| before_election = Lau Siu-lai (disqualified)
| before_party = Labour
| posttitle =
| after_election = Chan Hoi-yan
| after_party = Nonpartisan politician
}}
The 2018 Kowloon West by-election was held on 25 November 2018 after the incumbent pro-democracy Legislative Councillor Lau Siu-lai of Kowloon West was disqualified from the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) after the oath-taking controversy resulted in the disqualifications of the six pro-democracy and localist legislators.{{cite news|title=選管會：11月25日舉行立法會九龍西補選|date=2018-06-26|url=http://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1403682-20180626.htm}} It followed the by-election of four other vacated seats on 11 March 2018. Chan Hoi-yan, a nonpartisan backed by the pro-Beijing camp won over veteran democrat Lee Cheuk-yan of the Labour Party, a backup candidate for the pro-democracy camp after Lau's candidacy was disqualified.
The pro-democrats suffered another defeat in eight months after Yiu Chung-yim narrowly lost to Vincent Cheng of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) in the same constituency in the March by-election. Frederick Fung, the former pro-democrat legislator who came third, was accused of "vote splitting". As a result, the pro-democracy camp failed to regain majority in the geographical constituencies which prevent the pro-Beijing camp to make changes to the legislature's Rule of Procedures to curb the pro-democrats opposition.{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2174922/hong-kong-election-results-kowloon-west-too-close-call|title=Hong Kong pro-establishment candidate Chan Hoi-yan wins Kowloon West by-election|newspaper=South China Morning Post|date=25 November 2018}}
Background
{{main|Hong Kong Legislative Council oath-taking controversy}}
File:Lau Siu-lai VOA.jpg, the incumbent legislator disqualified by the court over the oath-taking controversy.]]
In the 2016 Legislative Council election, the Kowloon West returned six members to the Legislative Council (LegCo), with college lecturer Lau Siu-lai being elected under the banner of "democratic self-determination".
On 12 October 2016 the inaugural meeting of the LegCo, Lau and other legislators-elect used the oath-taking ceremony as a platform to protest. After Yau Wai-ching and Sixtus Leung was controversially disqualified by the court following the interpretation of the Article 104 of the Basic Law of Hong Kong by the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying and Secretary for Justice Rimsky Yuen lodged another judicial review against Lau Siu-lai, as well as Nathan Law, Leung Kwok-hung and Yiu Chung-yim who also added words into or changed their tones when reading the oaths during the ceremony.{{cite news|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/12/02/breaking-hong-kong-govt-lodges-legal-challenges-four-pro-democracy-lawmakers/|title=Hong Kong gov’t lodges legal challenges to eject four more pro-democracy lawmakers from legislature|date=2 December 2016|work=Hong Kong Free Press}} As a result, the High Court ruled the four pro-democracy legislators were to lose their seats on 14 July 2017.{{cite news|title=Hong Kong lawmaker disqualification ruling ‘opens huge floodgate’, lawyers say|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2102737/hong-kong-lawmaker-disqualification-ruling-opens-huge|newspaper=South China Morning Post|date=15 July 2017}}
The by-election of the Hong Kong Island, New Territories East, Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape as well as Yau Wai-ching's Kowloon West seats was held on 11 March 2018. Nevertheless, the by-elections of the Lau Siu-lai's Kowloon West and Leung Kwok-hung's New Territories East seats were not held as the duo were seeking for appeal, partly because they hoped to avoid holding the by-election for two seats in a single constituency which would favour the weaker pro-Beijing candidate. However, in the March Kowloon West by-election, the pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) candidate Vincent Cheng made an upset victory by defeating pro-democrat Yiu Chung-yim.
On 29 May 2018, Lau decided to retract her appeal against her disqualification due to the costly legal fees and time.{{cite news|title=Former lawmaker Lau Siu-lai drops appeal against her disqualification to trigger by-election|date=29 May 2018|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2018/05/29/former-lawmaker-lau-siu-lai-drops-appeal-disqualification-trigger-election/|work=Hong Kong Free Press}} On 26 June, the Electoral Affairs Commission (EAC) announced the by-election for Lau's seat to be held on 25 November 2018.
Candidates
=Validated=
- Chan Hoi-yan, former journalist and political assistant to Secretary for Food and Health Ko Wing-man runs as an independent candidate supported by the pro-Beijing camp after the latter announced he would not run in the by-election{{cite news|title=【九西補選】高永文宣布不參選 陳凱欣參選與否都全力支持|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E6%94%BF%E6%83%85/218385/%E4%B9%9D%E8%A5%BF%E8%A3%9C%E9%81%B8-%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%B8%E6%96%87%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%83%E9%81%B8-%E9%99%B3%E5%87%B1%E6%AC%A3%E5%8F%83%E9%81%B8%E8%88%87%E5%90%A6%E9%83%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%8A%9B%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81|work=HK01|date=2018-08-03}}
- Frederick Fung Kin-kee, former veteran legislator for Kowloon West and candidate for the pro-democracy primary of the March by-election has announced his candidacy.{{cite news|title=Ousted Hong Kong lawmaker says pro-democracy groups in city forming alliance to help her as she considers Legco comeback|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2163119/ousted-hong-kong-lawmaker-says-pro-democracy-groups-city|date=7 September 2018|newspaper=South China Morning Post}} He criticised the pro-democracy camp for monopolising the candidate selection process by not holding a primary earlier and said he would bow out of the race if Lau Siu-lai was confirmed as the candidate.{{cite news|title=Veteran Hong Kong lawmaker Frederick Fung breaks ranks to contest Kowloon West by-election, threatening pan-dems’ bid to regain veto power in Legco|date=2 October 2018|newspaper=South China Morning Post|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2166713/veteran-hong-kong-lawmaker-frederick-fung-breaks-ranks}}
- Lee Cheuk-yan, trade unionist and former veteran legislator of the Labour Party acted as a "plan B" candidate in case the candidacy of Lau Siu-lai, ousted legislator in the oath-taking controversy, was invalidated.{{cite news|title=Ousted lawmaker Lau Siu-lai joins pro-democracy Labour Party ahead of legislative by-election|date=29 June 2018|work=Hong Kong Free Press|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2018/06/29/ousted-lawmaker-lau-siu-lai-joins-pro-democracy-labour-party-ahead-legislative-election/}}{{cite news|title=Ousted pro-democracy Hong Kong lawmaker Lau Siu-lai announces bid to return to the Legislative Council in by-election|date=20 September 2018|newspaper=South China Morning Post|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2165092/ousted-pro-democracy-hong-kong-lawmaker-lau-siu-lai}} Lee submitted his nomination on 12 October hours before Lau was informed that her candidacy was invalid.{{cite news|title=Ousted lawmaker Lau Siu-lai to run in November’s Legislative Council by-election|date=20 September 2018|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2018/09/20/ousted-lawmaker-lau-siu-lai-run-novembers-legislative-council-election/|work=Hong Kong Free Press}}
- Ng Dick-hay, former spokesman of the pro-Beijing activist group Defend Hong Kong Campaign and candidate in the March Hong Kong Island by-election submitted his nomination on the last day of the nomination period.{{cite news|title=【九西補選】五人混戰 人力前成員參選 陳國強無交按金未能參選|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E6%94%BF%E6%83%85/247334/%E4%B9%9D%E8%A5%BF%E8%A3%9C%E9%81%B8-%E4%BA%94%E4%BA%BA%E6%B7%B7%E6%88%B0-%E4%BA%BA%E5%8A%9B%E5%89%8D%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E5%8F%83%E9%81%B8-%E9%99%B3%E5%9C%8B%E5%BC%B7%E7%84%A1%E4%BA%A4%E6%8C%89%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AA%E8%83%BD%E5%8F%83%E9%81%B8|work=HK01|date=2018-10-15}}
- Judy Tzeng Li-wen, former member of People Power and a 2015 District Council election candidate also submitted her nomination on the last day of the nomination period.
=Invalidated=
File:Lee-cheuk-yan-confirmed-legco-by-election-candidacy-2.jpg protested against the Returning Officer's decision to invalidate her candidacy at the poll briefing.]]
- Lau Siu-lai, ousted legislator in the oath-taking controversy joined the Labour Party ahead of the election and has announced her candidacy as the joint candidate of the camp. Her candidacy was invalidated on 12 October by Returning Officer Franco Kwok Wai-fun on the basis of Lau previous advocacy of Hong Kong's self-determination, which showed she had no intention of upholding the Basic Law and pledging allegiance to Hong Kong as a special administrative region of China.{{cite news|title=Ousted pro-democracy Hong Kong lawmaker Lau Siu-lai barred from Kowloon West Legislative Council by-election|newspaper=South China Morning Post|date=12 October 2018|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2168359/ousted-pro-democracy-hong-kong-lawmaker-lau-siu-lai-barred}}
- James Chan Kwok-keung, a disqualified candidate in the 2016 Legislative Council election and 2018 New Territories East by-election for his perceived pro-independence stance failed to pay his deposit for the candidacy and his candidacy was therefore invalidated.
Campaign
In August, Chan Hoi-yan, a former news anchor and political assistant to Secretary for Food and Health Ko Wing-man emerged as a potential candidate for the pro-Beijing camp after Ko announced he would not run in the by-election. In late August, a 25-metre billboard of Chan Hoi-yan as a "health ambassador" outside Cross-Harbour Tunnel in Hung Hom funded by pro-Beijing Kowloon Federation of Associations (KFA) with an estimated cost of more than HK$248,000 sparked controversy the election rules dictate that candidates are only allowed to spend a maximum of HK$1.82 million on expenses while Chan had not yet declared herself as a candidate.{{cite news|title=Billboard outside Hong Kong tunnel sparks controversy in run-up to Legislative Council by-election|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2161420/billboard-outside-hong-kong-tunnel-sparks-controversy-run|newspaper=South China Morning Post|date=27 August 2018}}
Frederick Fung, a veteran pro-democracy legislator announced his candidacy after long speculations that he would run, and cited that he was unhappy the camp had decided on another veteran, Lee Cheuk-yan, as Lau's backup, in case of disqualification of the candidacy of Lau Siu-lai, one of the six ousted pro-democracy legislator in the 2016 oath-taking controversy who was commonly backed by the pro-democracy camp. Fung previously lost in the pro-democracy primary in the March by-election to Yiu Chung-yim and subsequently quit the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL), in what was seen as a move for him to run as an independent in the by-election. Fung said he ran because he opposed the pro-democrats for monopolising the candidacy selection process. Political observer Dr Chung Kim-wah said Fung's decision had caused uncertainty for the pro-democrat campaign would easily attract thousands of votes from the pro-democracy voter base that would cost pro-democrats the election.{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2166713/veteran-hong-kong-lawmaker-frederick-fung-breaks-ranks|title=Veteran Hong Kong lawmaker Frederick Fung breaks ranks to contest Kowloon West by-election, threatening pan-dems’ bid to regain veto power in Legco|date=2 October 2018|newspaper=South China Morning Post}}
On 12 October, Lau Siu-lai's candidacy was invalidated by Returning Officer Franco Kwok Wai-fun as he claimed that Lau did not accept China's sovereignty over Hong Kong. He cited her declaration in July 2016, made jointly with political party Demosisto and Eddie Chu, calling for "democratic self-determination" while keeping open the option for independence. He said Lau had been "consistently holding the same political stance" and "had not taken any step to dissociate herself from such political stance until very recently". Lau accused Kwok's decision as "unreasonable" and her political views from 2016 were "completely twisted". Foreseeing the disqualification, Labour Party veteran Lee Cheuk-yan signed up for the race as a "plan B".
File:Democrats-fail-to-regain-veto-power-2.jpg and Chan Hoi-yan were seen on the election day.]]
Lee's platform focuses on four themes: fighting for democracy, better living, a stronger civil society and resisting the "mainlandisation" of Hong Kong, while Chan said she intended to put citizens' welfare above politics. She admitted to being a member of the pro-Beijing camp only after she denied it even though her campaign rally attended by leaders from the camp.{{cite news|title=Voter fatigue threatens to dampen turnout once again for West Kowloon by-election|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2174562/voter-fatigue-threatens-dampen-turnout-once-again-west|newspaper=South China Morning Post|date=26 November 2018}} Chan also relied on the high popularity of former Secretary for Food and Health Ko Wing-man to sway swing votes, while Lee, learning from the defeat in March, struck a better balance between online and on-the-ground campaigns as the March pro-democracy candidate Yiu Chung-yim was criticised for focusing too much on online campaigns.{{cite news|title=Rival camps step up efforts in final straight before Sunday’s West Kowloon by-election|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2174843/rival-camps-step-efforts-final-straight-sundays-west-kowloon|newspaper=South China Morning Post}} He also highlighted his crucial goal of preventing a pro-Beijing dominance in the geographical constituencies, which meant the pro-democracy would lose the veto power against pro-Beijing attempts of changing the Rules of Procedure of the Legislative Council if they gained one more seats over the pro-democrats.
Fung focused on attacking the pro-democrats for its "undemocratic" mechanism of selecting the candidates for this election, claiming that it was the reason for him to eat his promise of not running again after he lost the March primary. He received a lot of attacks from the pro-democracy figures who rejected him for being a pro-democrat and accused him for being a "vote splitting tool" for Beijing. Fung reiterated by filing complaints to Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) against pro-democracy media for some of their accusations.
Polling
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px" | |||||||||
| ! style="width:75px;"| Date(s) conducted | style="width:200px;"|Polling organisation/client | class="unsortable" style="width:75px;"| Sample size | class="unsortable" style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; width:60px;"| Chan | class="unsortable" style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; width:60px;"| Fung | class="unsortable" style="background:{{party color|Labour Party (Hong Kong)}}; width:60px;"| Lee | class="unsortable" style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; width:60px;"| Ng | class="unsortable" style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; width:60px;"| Tzeng | class="unsortable" style="background:gray; width:60px;"| None of above/ Undecided | class="unsortable" style="width:85px;"| Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6–21 Nov | [https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20181122/58944701 Hong Kong Research Association] | ~1,000 | style="background:LightBlue"| 26% | 11% | 24% | 3% | 5% | 28% | style="background:RoyalBlue; color:white;"|2% |
| 1–19 Nov | [https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20181122/58942431 HKU POP/Apple Daily] | ~500 | 25% | 11% | style="background: NavajoWhite"| 31% | 1% | 0% | 32% | style="background:{{party color|Labour Party (Hong Kong)}}; color:white;"|6% |
Result
File:LegCoByElection2018KLW.svg
File:Democrats-fail-to-regain-veto-power-1.jpg
{{Election box begin | title= Kowloon West}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nonpartisan politician
|candidate = Chan Hoi-yan
|votes = 106,457
|percentage = 49.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (Hong Kong)
|candidate = Lee Cheuk-yan
|votes = 93,047
|percentage = 43.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nonpartisan politician
|candidate = Frederick Fung Kin-kee
|votes = 12,509
|percentage = 5.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nonpartisan politician
|candidate = Ng Dick-hay
|votes = 1,650
|percentage = 0.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nonpartisan politician
|candidate = Judy Tzeng Li-wen
|votes = 1,307
|percentage = 0.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 13,410
|percentage = 6.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
|votes = 214,970
|percentage = 100.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box rejected|
|votes = 1,552
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 216,522
|percentage = 44.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 487,160
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Nonpartisan politician
|loser = Nonpartisan politician
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{bar box
|title=Popular vote
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|Chan|{{party color|Nonpartisan politician}}|49.52}}
{{bar percent|Lee|{{party color|Labour Party (Hong Kong)}}|43.28}}
{{bar percent|Fung|{{party color|Nonpartisan politician}}|5.82}}
{{bar percent|Ng|{{party color|Nonpartisan politician}}|0.77}}
{{bar percent|Tzeng|{{party color|Nonpartisan politician}}|0.61}}
}}
Overturn
Based on the former cases of the returning officers' decision on disqualifying Agnes Chow and Ventus Lau in the March 2018 by-elections, Justice Anderson Chow on 21 May for the third time overturned the returning officer's disqualification decision regarding Lau Siu-lai, on the basis of which the returning officer's failed or refused to give Lau a proper opportunity to respond to allegations against her.{{cite news|title=Ousted lawmaker Lau Siu-lai’s election ban overturned by Hong Kong court|date=21 May 2020|newspaper=South China Morning Post|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3085473/ousted-lawmaker-lau-siu-lais-election-ban-overturned-hong}} The court also declared that Chan Hoi-yan was "unduly elected" and therefore was to lose her seat.{{cite news|title=Lau ruling ousts Chan from Legco|url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news/section/11/219272/Lau-ruling-ousts--Chan-from-Legco|date=22 May 2020|work=The Standard}}
See also
References
{{reflist|30em}}
External links
{{commons category|Kowloon West by-election, 2018}}
- [https://www.elections.gov.hk/legco2018kwby/eng/index.html 2018 Legislative Council Kowloon West Geographical Constituency By-election Official Website]
{{By-elections to the HK Legco}}