Novo Mesto

File:Novo mesto-Valvasor.jpg, 1689]]

Novo Mesto was attested in historical sources in 1365 as Růdolfswerde (and as Rudolfswerd in 1392 and Noua Mesta in 1419).{{cite book |last1=Snoj |first1=Marko |title=Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen |date=2009 |publisher=Modrijan |location=Ljubljana |page=284}}{{cite web |title=Novo mesto |url=https://topografija.zrc-sazu.si/ |website=Slovenska historična topografija |publisher=ZRC SAZU Zgodovinski inštitut Milka Kosa |access-date=September 2, 2020}} The German name (spelled Rudolfswerth in the modern era) is a compound of the personal name Rudolf and wert 'island, peninsula, land above the water', and refers to Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, who conferred town rights upon the settlement in 1365.Savnik, Roman, ed. 1971. Krajevni leksikon Slovenije, vol. 2. Ljubljana: Državna založba Slovenije, p. 516. The parallel German name Neustadtl was also in use (attested as Newestat in 1365, and probably a translation of the Slovene name). The name used for the settlement before 1365 is unknown. The Slovene name Novo mesto literally means 'new town'; names like this are common in Europe and generally refer to settlements built at a site where an older one was burned or otherwise destroyed. From 1865 to 1918, the town was officially named Rudolfovo in Slovene, based on the German name. Following World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, the city became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was officially renamed Novo mesto.

Novo Mesto has been settled since pre-history. The city is one of the most important archeological sites of the Hallstatt culture (Early Iron Age) in Europe and has been nicknamed the "City of Situlas" after numerous situlas found in the area.{{cite journal |url=http://www.maribor2012.info/userfiles/File/application-form_2007+supplement_2008_v3.pdf |title=Application for the Title of the European Capital of Culture 2012 |publisher=City Municipality of Maribor |year=2008 }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Graben Castle on the Krka River, ancestral seat of the noble House of Graben von Stein, was first mentioned in an 1170 deed.

The town itself was founded by the Habsburg archduke Rudolf IV of Austria on 7 April 1365 as Rudolfswerth. The Austrian Habsburgs received the Carniolan March from the hands of Louis IV, the Holy Roman Emperor, King of Italy and Duke of Bavaria, in 1335 and in 1364 Rudolf "the Founder" proclaimed himself a Duke of Carniola. The city was connected to the Southern lands since the 1600s by the Kandija Bridge originally a wooden structure, since the 1800s an iron bridge.

During World War II, the city was controlled by Fascist Italy as part of the Province of Ljubljana until Mussolini's downfall in 1943. It was then occupied by Nazi Germany until the end of the war.{{cite book |last1=United States War Department General Staff |title=Atlas of the World Battle Fronts in Semimonthly Phases to August 15 1945 |date=1945 |publisher=Army Map Service |location=Washington, DC}}

In 1958, the authorities of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had a motorway built connecting the Slovenian capital Ljubljana and Zagreb in Croatia, which passed through Novo Mesto. The A2 motorway is today part of the European route E70. With its construction, Novo Mesto became much better connected to the rest of Slovenia and the rest of Yugoslavia, and began to grow as an important regional center.

The population of Novo Mesto is predominantly ethnically Slovene. On the southeast outskirts of the town there is a Roma settlement called Žabjak, also known as Brezje.{{cite news|title=Poštarji nočejo v romsko naselje|url=http://www.zurnal24.si/slovenija/crna-kronika/postarji-nocejo-v-romsko-naselje-271707|access-date=21 October 2017|work=Zurnal24.si|date=31 May 2016}}{{cite news|title=Po Dobruški vasi še Žabjak in ostala naselja?|url=http://www.dolenjskilist.si/2016/09/20/162092/novice/dolenjska/Po_Dobruski_vasi_se_Zabjak_in_ostala_naselja/|access-date=21 October 2017|work=Dolenjski list|date=20 September 2016}}{{cite news|last1=Stanković|first1=Dragana|last2=Škerl Kramberger|first2=Uroš|title=Za romsko naselje Žabjak na razpisu zmanjkalo denarja, novomeški župan napovedal upravni spor|url=https://www.dnevnik.si/1042740873|access-date=21 October 2017|work=Dnevnik|date=14 June 2016}}

File:Breg novo mesto.jpg

File:Sailing on Krka by Portoval.jpg

Novo Mesto has a humid subtropical climate, which is influenced by several factors: the Dinaric Alps, the Alps, the Adriatic Sea, and the continental background. Despite the fact that town is close to the 46th parallel north, the climate is much warmer than places at similar latitudes in North America and East Asia. Prevailing western winds bring warm and moist air from the Atlantic and Mediterranean. Lying in partial rain shadow, precipitation is much lower than just {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}} to the west, and foehn winds blowing from southwest over the Dinaric alps can bring very warm weather in any month of the year. From the northeast, the town is exposed to cold air originating in eastern Europe and Siberia, which in winter can bring very cold and sometimes snowy weather. The coldest temperature of −25.6 °C was recorded on 17 February 1952, and the highest, 39.9 °C, on 8 August 2013. Precipitation is abundant, most of it failing as rain in warmer months, between May and November. Hail and heavy thunderstorms are very common between May and September, and snow regularly occurs between December and February. Snow is not uncommon in November and March and rare in October and April. Snow fell as early as 21 October 1971 and as late as 20 May 1969. The greatest snow depth was recorded on 17 February 1969, measuring 103 cm. The wettest year on record was 2014, with 1,482 mm of precipitation, and the driest was 2000, with 827 mm.

{{Weather box

| location = Novo Mesto (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–2020)

| metric first = Yes

| single line = Yes

| Jan record high C = 17.2

| Feb record high C = 21.4

| Mar record high C = 25.8

| Apr record high C = 29.0

| May record high C = 33.1

| Jun record high C = 35.2

| Jul record high C = 38.0

| Aug record high C = 39.9

| Sep record high C = 33.0

| Oct record high C = 28.1

| Nov record high C = 23.7

| Dec record high C = 19.8

| year record high C = 39.9

| Jan high C = 4.7

| Feb high C = 7.3

| Mar high C = 12.3

| Apr high C = 17.2

| May high C = 21.7

| Jun high C = 25.5

| Jul high C = 27.6

| Aug high C = 27.3

| Sep high C = 21.6

| Oct high C = 16.2

| Nov high C = 10.1

| Dec high C = 4.9

| year high C = 16.4

| Jan mean C = 0.7

| Feb mean C = 2.1

| Mar mean C = 6.5

| Apr mean C = 11.1

| May mean C = 15.6

| Jun mean C = 19.5

| Jul mean C = 21.2

| Aug mean C = 20.5

| Sep mean C = 15.4

| Oct mean C = 10.8

| Nov mean C = 6.1

| Dec mean C = 1.2

| year mean C = 10.9

| Jan low C = −2.6

| Feb low C = −2.1

| Mar low C = 1.3

| Apr low C = 5.4

| May low C = 9.7

| Jun low C = 13.5

| Jul low C = 15.1

| Aug low C = 15.0

| Sep low C = 10.9

| Oct low C = 7.0

| Nov low C = 3.1

| Dec low C = −1.6

| year low C = 6.2

| Jan record low C = −23.5

| Feb record low C = −25.2

| Mar record low C = −22.1

| Apr record low C = −6.9

| May record low C = −4.2

| Jun record low C = 1.1

| Jul record low C = 4.9

| Aug record low C = 3.9

| Sep record low C = −1.1

| Oct record low C = −6.6

| Nov record low C = −15.0

| Dec record low C = −19.6

| year record low C = −25.2

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 56

| Feb precipitation mm = 70

| Mar precipitation mm = 60

| Apr precipitation mm = 83

| May precipitation mm = 103

| Jun precipitation mm = 105

| Jul precipitation mm = 99

| Aug precipitation mm = 112

| Sep precipitation mm = 136

| Oct precipitation mm = 120

| Nov precipitation mm = 111

| Dec precipitation mm = 82

| year precipitation mm = 1137

| Jan snow depth cm = 6

| Feb snow depth cm = 7

| Mar snow depth cm = 2

| Apr snow depth cm = 0

| May snow depth cm = 0

| Jun snow depth cm = 0

| Jul snow depth cm = 0

| Aug snow depth cm = 0

| Sep snow depth cm = 0

| Oct snow depth cm = 0

| Nov snow depth cm = 2

| Dec snow depth cm = 5

| year snow depth cm = 1.9

| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 11

| Feb precipitation days = 10

| Mar precipitation days = 11

| Apr precipitation days = 13

| May precipitation days = 14

| Jun precipitation days = 13

| Jul precipitation days = 12

| Aug precipitation days = 11

| Sep precipitation days = 13

| Oct precipitation days = 14

| Nov precipitation days = 15

| Dec precipitation days = 13

| year precipitation days = 151

| unit snow days = 0 cm

| Jan snow days = 15

| Feb snow days = 13

| Mar snow days = 6

| Apr snow days = 1

| May snow days = 0

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0

| Oct snow days = 0

| Nov snow days = 4

| Dec snow days = 12

| year snow days = 51

| time day = 14:00

| Jan humidity = 73

| Feb humidity = 61

| Mar humidity = 54

| Apr humidity = 52

| May humidity = 52

| Jun humidity = 54

| Jul humidity = 52

| Aug humidity = 54

| Sep humidity = 60

| Oct humidity = 66

| Nov humidity = 73

| Dec humidity = 79

| year humidity = 61

| Jan sun = 79.4

| Feb sun = 108.2

| Mar sun = 155.5

| Apr sun = 184.6

| May sun = 232.2

| Jun sun = 255.8

| Jul sun = 288.3

| Aug sun = 267.3

| Sep sun = 181.7

| Oct sun = 129.1

| Nov sun = 66.9

| Dec sun = 61.4

| year sun = 2010.4

| source 1 = Slovenian Environment Agency (humidity and snow 1981–2010){{Cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230922151702/https://meteo.arso.gov.si/met/sl/climate/tables/statistike_1950_2020/novo_mesto/

| archive-date = 22 September 2023

| url = https://meteo.arso.gov.si/met/sl/climate/tables/statistike_1950_2020/novo_mesto/

| title = Novo Mesto Podnebne statistike 1950-2020

| publisher = Slovenian Environmental Agency

| language = sl

| access-date = 22 September 2023}}{{Cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230922151811/https://meteo.arso.gov.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/table/en/by_location/novo-mesto/climate-normals_81-10_Novo-mesto_eng.pdf

| archive-date = 22 September 2023

| url = https://meteo.arso.gov.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/table/en/by_location/novo-mesto/climate-normals_81-10_Novo-mesto_eng.pdf

| title = Novo Mesto Climate Normals 1981-2010

| publisher = Slovenian Environmental Agency

| access-date = 22 September 2023}}

|source 2 = NOAA (sun 1991–2020){{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230922151908/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovenia/CSV/Novomesto_14121.csv

| archive-date = 22 September 2023

| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovenia/CSV/Novomesto_14121.csv

| title = Novo Mesto Climate Normals 1991–2020

| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)

| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

| access-date = 22 September 2023}}

}}

Novo Mesto has been a hub of artistic creation in various fields: music, literature, and visual arts. The turning point is the September 1920 exhibition named Novo Mesto Spring, which brought together artists of different genres and marks the beginning of avant-garde art in Slovenia.

The development of music in Novo Mesto may be traced to the 16th century, with the clergy, e.g. the provost George Slatkonia, the first residential Bishop of Vienna, promulgating the development of vocal music. In 1498 Slatkonia was appointed the singing master (Singmeister) of the choir later known as the Vienna Boys' Choir.

Accelerated development took place in the 19th century with the establishment of a brass band in 1846, and the establishment of the Lower Carniola Singing Society in 1884. The society laid the foundations of the vocal music in the wider Lower Carniola area. A significant part in the musical development of the town was contributed by students and the teaching staff of the Novo Mesto Grammar School. The school had a quality singing choir led by {{ill|Hugolin Sattner|sl}}, Aleš Ottokar and {{ill|Ignacij Hladnik|sl}} as well as a student orchestra led by {{ill|Viktor Parma|sl}}. In 1886, a male choir was established in the town in the frame of the Catholic Craftsman Assistants Society. Several classical composers were connected to Novo Mesto, the best known of them being Marjan Kozina, after whom the music school of the town is named, and the expressionist composer Marij Kogoj. In the 20th century, particularly after World War II, a number of influential contemporary (jazz, rock, and pop) music groups appeared and created in the town, the most notable of them being {{ill|Rudolfovo (music group)|sl|Rudolfovo (skupina)|lt=Rudolfovo}}, Dan D and others. In the early 21st century, the most popular pop-rock music group was Dan D, whereas classical music gained two important pieces of work in the frame of the George Slatkonia Vocal Academy, a chamber opera (The Baptism on the Savica) and Te Deum, a monumental cantata work.

The central literature personalities of Novo Mesto are the writer Janez Trdina (1830–1905), the poet Dragotin Kette (1876–1899), and the poet and essayist Anton Podbevšek (1898–1981). Trdina, after whom the central cultural venue of the town is named Janez Trdina Cultural Centre, lived in Novo Mesto in exile and wrote primarily short fictional stories about the Gorjanci hill range, which he published under the title Fairytales and Stories about Gorjanci (Bajke in povesti o Gorjancih). Kette, who lived in Novo Mesto in the time of his studies, wrote lyrical poetry, particularly dedicated to Angela Smola whom he met in the town's chapter church. Podbevšek laid the foundations of Slovene lyrical avant-garde poetry. The youngest professional theatre in Slovenia and the first theatre in the town, established in 2005, has been named after him {{ill|Anton Podbevšek Theatre|sl| Anton Podbevšek teater}}.

Novo Mesto is the birthplace of the painter and graphic artist Božidar Jakac (1899–1989), who produced one of the most extensive oeuvres of visual arts in Slovenia and was a key organiser of visual arts education and visual arts events in the country. Many of his works as well as of other well-known Slovenian artists are kept at the Jakac House in the town. Other known Novo Mesto visual artists were the painter {{ill|Vladimir Lamut|sl}} and the architect {{ill|Marjan Mušič|sl}}. Several notable film artists originate from Novo Mesto, besides Jakac also the film editor Jurij Moškon, and the contemporary film directors {{ill|Rok Biček|sl}}, {{ill|Klemen Dvornik|sl}}, Nejc Gazvoda, and {{ill|Žiga Virc|sl}}.

File:Kapitelj Novo mesto1.jpg

File:Julijina brv, Novo mesto.jpg

On 7 April 2006, Novo Mesto became the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Novo Mesto, which is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Ljubljana.

Novo Mesto Cathedral, standing on Kapitelj Hill above the town, is dedicated to Saint Nicholas and is an originally Gothic building that was rebuilt in the Baroque style in the 17th century. The main altar oil painting by Tintoretto, and the side altar paintings by the French 18th century painter Valentin Metzinger, the leading Baroque painter in Slovenia, are on display in the church.{{cite web |url=http://giskd2s.situla.org/rkd/Opis.asp?Esd=494 |title=494: Novo mesto - Cerkev sv. Nikolaja |trans-title=494: Novo Mesto – St. Nicholas' Church |work=Register nepremične kulturne dediščine [Registry of Immovable Cultural Heritage] |language=sl |publisher=Ministry of Culture, Republic of Slovenia |access-date=23 May 2012}}

Today, tourism is increasing in Slovenia, and Novo Mesto is feeling some of the effects. The Krka Valley is becoming a place for wine enthusiasts who take tours throughout the Lower Carniola region, tasting locally produced Cviček wine, which is produced by blending several different varieties of local wine.

Major industries include:

• Revoz (subsidiary of Renault), car manufacturing
• Adria Mobil, camper manufacturer
• Krka, pharmaceuticals

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovenia}}

Novo Mesto is twinned with:{{cite news |url=https://novomesto.si/o-novem-mestu/mednarodno/ |title=O Novem mestu: Mednarodno |lang=sl |trans-title=About Novo Mesto: International |access-date=5 December 2022 |publisher=City Municipality of Novo Mesto}}

• {{flagicon|GER}} Langenhagen, Germany
• {{flagicon|ESP}} Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain
• {{flagicon|BIH}} Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina
• {{flagicon|PRC}} Yixing, China
• {{flagicon|SRB}} Leskovac, Serbia
• {{flagicon|MNE}} Herceg Novi, Montenegro
• {{flagicon|POL}} Toruń, Poland{{cite web|url=http://www.torun.pl/pl/node/1700|title=Miasta bliźniacze Torunia|access-date=2013-08-22|work=Urząd Miasta Torunia [City of Toruń Council]|language=pl|trans-title=Toruń's twin towns}}
• {{flagicon|SVK}} Trnava, Slovakia

Notable people that were born or lived in Novo Mesto include:

• Joannes Adamus Gaiger (1667–1722), philologist and lexicographer
• Albin Gutman (born 1947), general
• Božidar Jakac (1899–1989), painter
• Iztok Jarc (born 1963), diplomat and politician[http://www.mkgp.gov.si/nc/si/splosno/cns/novica/article/12541/5306/ Biography on the Slovenian Government webpage]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• Barbara Jelić-Ružić (born 1977) and Vesna Jelić (born 1982), Croatian female volleyball players
• Rado Lencek (1921–2006), linguist, philologist, writer
• Pino Mlakar (1907–2006), choreographer
• Silvo Plut (1968–2007), serial killer
• Edvard Ravnikar (1907–1993), architect
• Ferdinand Seidl (1856–1942), naturalist and geologist
• Damijan Šinigoj (born 1964), writer
• Leon Štukelj (1898–1999), 3x Olympic gold medalist
• Melania Trump (born 1970), former model and First Lady of the United States

• Krka Basketball Club
• Langenhagen, a twin city of Novo Mesto
• Novo Mesto Grammar School

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

• {{commons category-inline|Novo Mesto}}
• [https://www.geopedia.world/#T12_L362_F2473:3204_x1688557.6652591052_y5749495.540406307_s13_b2345 Novo Mesto on Geopedia]

{{Novo Mesto}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities and towns in Lower Carniola

Category:Populated places in the Urban Municipality of Novo Mesto

Category:Establishments in the Duchy of Carniola

Category:1360s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire

Category:1365 establishments in Europe

Category:Populated places established in the 1360s