Oberhof, Germany

{{Infobox German place

|type = Stadt

|image_photo = Oberhof stadtansicht d schmidt 08 2006.jpg

|name = Oberhof

|image_coa = Wappen Stadt Oberhof.svg

|coordinates = {{coord|50|42|19|N|10|43|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}

|image_plan = Oberhof in SM.png

|image_caption = Oberhof in August 2006

|state = Thuringia

|district = Schmalkalden-Meiningen

|elevation = 823

|area = 23.47

|Gemeindeschlüssel = 16066047

|postal_code = 98559

|area_code = 036842

|licence = SM

|website = [https://www.oberhof.de/ www.oberhof.de]

|mayor = Daniel Fischer[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.

|leader_term = 2024–30

}}

Oberhof is a town in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district of Thuringia, Germany. Located in the Thuringian Forest mountain range, it is a winter sports center and health resort. With 1,625 inhabitants (December 2016), it is visited by 144,000 tourists every year (2016).[https://statistik.thueringen.de/webshop/pdf/2016/07401_2016_12.pdf Gäste und Übernachtungen in Thüringen Dezember 2016] The town obtained its official city status in 1985.

History

Oberhof was first mentioned in a document in 1470. The village in the Black Forest department belonged to various Ernestine duchies, most recently to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1826 to 1918. In 1830, Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha had a hunting lodge built. In 1861 the first vacation guests came to the village. With the completion of the Brandleite Tunnel of the Neudietendorf-Ritschenhausen railway, Oberhof received a railroad connection in 1884, which enabled the expansion of tourism.

After the founding of the Oberhof Winter Sports Association, on the initiative of the Oberhof physician Kurt Weidhaas, in February 1904, the town developed into a center of winter sports. In 1906 the first bobsleigh run and the first ski jump were inaugurated.

In 1931, world championships were held in the town for the first time, in two-man bobsleigh and Nordic combined on the Hindenburg ski jump.

From 1951 to 1956, the GDR Winter Sports Championships were held in Oberhof. In 1964, the construction of the large ski jump on the Rennsteig for ski jumping was completed and in 1971 the luge track was finished, on which the FIL World Luge Championships were held for the first time in 1973.

From 1968 to 1978, Oberhof was expanded and reconstructed with extensive demolition of the existing building fabric, which completely changed the character of the place. Walter Ulbricht, the chairman of the Council of State, called in his Berlin architect Hermann Henselmann for the planning. Both were fond of representative symbolic architecture. When Ulbricht was replaced, not all the plans were realized. The accommodation capacity of the hotels and homes was increased to 4500 beds. This included the construction of the large hotel complexes Panorama (1969) in the shape of ski jumps, Rennsteig (1973) in the shape of a racing stone and Fritz Weineck (1975). In 1971, the Obere Hof, with seven restaurants, was opened in the center of the village as an adventure center. A new residential area was built in prefabricated slab construction.

A high ropes course was built on the grounds of the spa park in 2001 and dismantled in 2016. In 2011, the resort had 3500 guest beds.

On October 7, 1985, Oberhof received the town charter.

Geography

Oberhof is located in the Thuringian Forest, a low mountain range, at an altitude of about 815 meters. The town is located on a plateau, which is why there are no great differences in altitude in the built-up area. About four kilometers to the southeast are the two highest mountains in Thuringia, the 983-meter-high Großer Beerberg and the 978-meter-high Schneekopf. Southwest of Oberhof there are also two Rennsteig passes: the pass at the Grenzadler (former state border between the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Prussia) and the pass at the Rondell monument. Several rivers also rise near Oberhof, the Gera in the east, the Ohra in the north, the Hasel in the south and the Schönau in the west.

The surroundings of Oberhof are completely forested, the most common tree species is spruce.

=Climate=

The climate of Oberhof is very harsh, therefore the place could not develop before 1900. Unlike the other villages of the Thuringian Forest, Oberhof is located unprotected to the north, west and east on a plateau. The nearest weather station is on the Schmücke about six kilometers away on the Rennsteig. The annual precipitation is very high with about 1300 mm, the average annual temperature is in the low range with 4.4 °C. The average July temperature is 12.8 °C, and the January temperature is -4.0 °C. Snow usually falls from mid-November to the end of March.[http://www.klimadiagramme.de/Deutschland/schmuecke.html]

Like many low mountain regions dependent on winter sports, Oberhof is also affected by the effects of climate change. Thus, the region is no longer "snow-sure", as was still the case in the past.

{{Weather box

|location = Oberhof (Schmücke), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1936–present

|metric first = Y

|single line = Y

|Jan record high C = 10.8

|Feb record high C = 14.4

|Mar record high C = 17.4

|Apr record high C = 26.1

|May record high C = 26.9

|Jun record high C = 30.7

|Jul record high C = 32.6

|Aug record high C = 31.3

|Sep record high C = 27.3

|Oct record high C = 22.8

|Nov record high C = 18.4

|Dec record high C = 12.1

|year record high C = 32.6

|Jan avg record high C = 6.1

|Feb avg record high C = 7.6

|Mar avg record high C = 12.7

|Apr avg record high C = 18.4

|May avg record high C = 22.2

|Jun avg record high C = 25.6

|Jul avg record high C = 26.7

|Aug avg record high C = 26.5

|Sep avg record high C = 21.7

|Oct avg record high C = 16.9

|Nov avg record high C = 11.6

|Dec avg record high C = 7.2

|year avg record high C = 28.5

|Jan high C = -0.8

|Feb high C = 0.0

|Mar high C = 3.6

|Apr high C = 8.9

|May high C = 13.3

|Jun high C = 16.4

|Jul high C = 18.5

|Aug high C = 18.5

|Sep high C = 13.7

|Oct high C = 8.5

|Nov high C = 3.5

|Dec high C = 0.2

|year high C = 8.7

|Jan mean C = -2.8

|Feb mean C = -2.3

|Mar mean C = 0.6

|Apr mean C = 5.0

|May mean C = 9.2

|Jun mean C = 12.3

|Jul mean C = 14.3

|Aug mean C = 14.3

|Sep mean C = 10.2

|Oct mean C = 5.8

|Nov mean C = 1.3

|Dec mean C = -1.8

|year mean C = 5.5

|Jan low C = -4.7

|Feb low C = -4.4

|Mar low C = -1.9

|Apr low C = 1.8

|May low C = 5.6

|Jun low C = 8.7

|Jul low C = 10.9

|Aug low C = 11.0

|Sep low C = 7.4

|Oct low C = 3.6

|Nov low C = -0.5

|Dec low C = -3.7

|year low C = 2.8

|Jan avg record low C = -12.7

|Feb avg record low C = -11.6

|Mar avg record low C = -8.1

|Apr avg record low C = -5.2

|May avg record low C = -0.5

|Jun avg record low C = 3.1

|Jul avg record low C = 5.9

|Aug avg record low C = 5.7

|Sep avg record low C = 2.5

|Oct avg record low C = -2.2

|Nov avg record low C = -6.7

|Dec avg record low C = -10.6

|year avg record low C = -15.1

|Jan record low C = -25.5

|Feb record low C = -28.8

|Mar record low C = -19.0

|Apr record low C = -12.2

|May record low C = -7.9

|Jun record low C = -1.0

|Jul record low C = 2.5

|Aug record low C = 1.9

|Sep record low C = -1.6

|Oct record low C = -8.1

|Nov record low C = -14.9

|Dec record low C = -22.2

|year record low C = -28.8

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 133.6

|Feb precipitation mm = 104.1

|Mar precipitation mm = 106.0

|Apr precipitation mm = 73.4

|May precipitation mm = 96.5

|Jun precipitation mm = 90.9

|Jul precipitation mm = 129.9

|Aug precipitation mm = 96.2

|Sep precipitation mm = 111.0

|Oct precipitation mm = 110.9

|Nov precipitation mm = 119.7

|Dec precipitation mm = 142.5

|year precipitation mm = 1313.3

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 20.9

|Feb precipitation days = 18.0

|Mar precipitation days = 18.2

|Apr precipitation days = 14.6

|May precipitation days = 15.5

|Jun precipitation days = 16.4

|Jul precipitation days = 17.3

|Aug precipitation days = 15.1

|Sep precipitation days = 15.1

|Oct precipitation days = 17.4

|Nov precipitation days = 19.3

|Dec precipitation days = 22.0

|year precipitation days = 208.9

|Jan snow depth cm = 60.1

|Feb snow depth cm = 70.9

|Mar snow depth cm = 61.4

|Apr snow depth cm = 29.5

|May snow depth cm = 1.1

|Jun snow depth cm = 0

|Jul snow depth cm = 0

|Aug snow depth cm = 0

|Sep snow depth cm = 0

|Oct snow depth cm = 4.0

|Nov snow depth cm = 18.5

|Dec snow depth cm = 43.0

|year snow depth cm = 85.6

|Jan sun = 44.3

|Feb sun = 65.4

|Mar sun = 109.9

|Apr sun = 161.2

|May sun = 183.4

|Jun sun = 182.8

|Jul sun = 190.8

|Aug sun = 188.4

|Sep sun = 135.0

|Oct sun = 89.9

|Nov sun = 46.2

|Dec sun = 38.8

|year sun = 1434.7

|humidity colour = green

|Jan humidity = 93.6

|Feb humidity = 91.1

|Mar humidity = 87.4

|Apr humidity = 78.8

|May humidity = 79.3

|Jun humidity = 79.6

|Jul humidity = 78.9

|Aug humidity = 78.6

|Sep humidity = 85.8

|Oct humidity = 91.4

|Nov humidity = 93.8

|Dec humidity = 93.9

|year humidity = 85.9

|source 1 = World Meteorological Organization{{cite web

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231012173845/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Schmuecke_10552.csv

|archive-date = 12 October 2023

|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Schmuecke_10552.csv

|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020

|work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = 13 October 2023}}

|source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst / SKlima.de{{cite web

|url = http://sklima.de/datenbank_auswertung.php?tab=2

|title = Monatsauswertung

|website = sklima.de

|publisher = SKlima

|language = de