World Meteorological Organization

{{Infobox organization

| name = World Meteorological Organization

| image = World Meteorological Organization Logo.svg

| image_size = 250px

| map =

| map_size =

| map_caption =

| type = United Nations specialized agency

| abbreviation = WMO

| leader_title = Head

| leader_name = President
Abdulla Al Mandous, UAE
(since 2023){{cite web | url=https://wmo.int/media/news/executive-council-opens-new-office-holders#:~:text=New%20WMO%20President%20Dr.,chaired%20the%20Executive%20Council%20meeting | title=Executive Council opens with new office holders |work=public.wmo.int | date=5 June 2023 |access-date=28 August 2023}}
Secretary-General
Celeste Saulo, Argentina
since 2024

| status = Active

| formation = {{start date and age|1950|3|23|df=yes}}

| headquarters = Geneva, Switzerland

| website = {{URL|https://public.wmo.int/en|wmo.int}}

| parent_organization = United Nations Economic and Social Council

| subsidiaries =

| footnotes = {{portal-inline|Politics|size=tiny}}

}}

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology and geophysics.{{Cite web |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100031338 |url-access= |title=World Meteorological Organization (WMO) |author1=Staff writer |year=2024 |department=UIA Global Civil Society Database |website=uia.org |publisher=Union of International Associations |agency=Yearbook of International Organizations Online |location=Brussels, Belgium |access-date=24 December 2024 |url-status= |trans-quote= }}{{cite web|date=2 February 2016|title=History of WMO|url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/who-we-are/history-of-wmo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207215446/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/who-we-are/history-of-wmo|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 December 2023|access-date=14 October 2018|website=World Meteorological Organization}}

The WMO originated from the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), a nongovernmental organization founded in 1873 as a forum for exchanging weather data and research.{{cite web|date=2 December 2015|title=Who we are|url=https://public.wmo.int/en/about-us/who-we-are|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328025623/http://public.wmo.int/en/about-us/who-we-are|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 March 2016|access-date=14 October 2018|website=World Meteorological Organization}} Proposals to reform the status and structure of the IMO culminated in the World Meteorological Convention of 1947, which formally established the World Meteorological Organization.{{cite web|url=https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10076 |access-date=2023-09-23|title=Basic Documents|website=library.wmo.int }} The Convention entered into force on 23 March 1950, and the following year the WMO began operations as an intergovernmental organization within the UN system.

The WMO is made up of 193 countries and territories, and facilitates the "free and unrestricted" exchange of data, information, and research between the respective meteorological and hydrological institutions of its members.{{Cite web|date=2015-12-02|title=Who we are|url=https://public.wmo.int/en/about-us/who-we-are|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328025623/http://public.wmo.int/en/about-us/who-we-are|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 March 2016|access-date=2020-08-27|website=World Meteorological Organization|language=en}}{{Cite web |url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/resources/wmo-building-conference-centre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215221739/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/resources/wmo-building-conference-centre |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2023 |title=The WMO Building / Conference Centre|date=12 January 2016 |access-date=28 August 2023 |work=public.wmo.int}} It also collaborates with nongovernmental partners and other international organizations on matters related to environmental protection, climate change, resource management, and socioeconomic development.{{Cite web |date=2016-01-20 |title=What we do |url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/our-mandate/what-we-do |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127161055/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/our-mandate/what-we-do |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 November 2023 |access-date=2020-08-27 |website=World Meteorological Organization |language=en}}

Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the WMO is governed by the World Meteorological Congress, composed of member states, which meets every four years to set policies and priorities. The Congress is led by an Executive Council led by the President, currently Abdulla Al Mandous of UAE.{{cite web |url=https://wmo.int/media/news/executive-council-opens-new-office-holders#:~:text=New%20WMO%20President%20Dr.,chaired%20the%20Executive%20Council%20meeting. |title=President |last=Al Mandous |first=Abdulla |date=2023 |website=WMO |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |access-date=3 July 2023}}

Governance

File:Gerhard Adrian at World Meteorological Organization.jpg

The WMO was established by the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization,{{cite web |title=Convention of the World Meteorological Organization |url=http://library.wmo.int/opac/doc_num.php?explnum_id=3137 |website=library.wmo.int/opac }} signed 11 October 1947 and ratified on 23 March 1950. The Convention serves as the constituent treaty of the WMO, setting forth its purposes, governance, and general framework.

The WMO hierarchy:

The World Meteorological Congress,{{cite web |title=Governance {{!}} World Meteorological Organization |url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/governance |access-date=21 November 2024 |date=27 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127161039/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/governance |archive-date=27 November 2023 }} the supreme body of the Organization, determines policy. Each member state and territory is represented by a Permanent Representative with WMO when Congress meets every four years. Congress elects the President and vice-presidents of the Organization and members of the Executive Council; and appoints the Secretary-General.
The Executive Council (EC) implements Congress decisions.
The Secretariat is an eight-department organization with a staff of 200 headed by a Secretary-General, who can serve a maximum of two four-year terms.{{Cite web |url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/about/documents/1069_en.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610184400/https://www.wmo.int/pages/about/documents/1069_en.pdf |title=WMO Strategic Plan |work=wmo.int |archivedate=10 June 2013}}

The annually published WMO Statement on the status of the World Climate{{cite web |title=WMO Statement on the status of the World Climate |url=http://library.wmo.int/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97#.WOOzUnew1Bw |website=library.wmo.int }} provides details of global, regional and national temperatures and extreme weather events. It also provides information on long-term climate change indicators including atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, sea level rise, and sea ice extent. The year 2016 was the hottest year on record, with many weather and climate extremes, according to the most recent WMO report.{{Cite web |url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/climate-breaks-multiple-records-2016-global-impacts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218181353/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/climate-breaks-multiple-records-2016-global-impacts |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 December 2023 |title = Climate breaks multiple records in 2016, with global impacts |work=public.wmo.int |date=20 March 2017 |access-date=28 August 2023}}

As of August 2023, the WMO has a membership of 193 member states and territories.{{Cite web |url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215221739/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2023 |title=Members |work=public.wmo.int |date=

2022 |access-date=28 August 2023}}

= List of secretaries-general =

1952–1955 Gustav Swoboda ({{flag|Switzerland}}){{Cite web |date=2015-12-08 |title=Former Secretaries-General of WMO |url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/secretariat/previous-secretary-generals-of-wmo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218180116/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/secretariat/previous-secretary-generals-of-wmo |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 December 2023 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=public.wmo.int |language=en}}
1956–1979 David Arthur Davies ({{flag|United Kingdom}})
1980–1983 Aksel C. Wiin-Nielsen ({{flag|Denmark}})
1984–2003 Godwin Obasi ({{flag|Nigeria}})
2004–2015 {{Interlanguage link|Michel Jarraud|lt=Michel Jarraud|fr|Michel Jarraud}} ({{flag|France}})
2016–2023 Petteri Taalas{{Cite web |date=2015-12-08 |title=The Secretariat |url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/secretariat |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215221740/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/secretariat |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=public.wmo.int |language=en}} ({{flag|Finland}})
2024–present Celeste Saulo{{cite web |title=The Secretariat |url=https://wmo.int/about-wmo/secretariat |website=World Meteorological Organization |access-date=6 January 2024 |language=en |date=4 January 2023}} ({{flag|Argentina}})

WMO Strategic Plan

Disaster risk reduction
The Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)
The WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS)
Aviation meteorological services
Polar and high mountain regions
Capacity development
Governance

Meteorological codes

In keeping with its mandate to promote the standardization of meteorological observations, the WMO maintains numerous code forms for the representation and exchange of meteorological, oceanographical, and hydrological data. The traditional code forms, such as SYNOP, CLIMAT and TEMP, are character-based and their coding is position-based. Newer WMO code forms are designed for portability, extensibility and universality. These are BUFR, and, for gridded geo-positioned data, GRIB.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}

Recognitions received

In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a joint creation of the WMO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), received the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about anthropogenic (man-made) climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change."{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2007/press.html |title=IPCC Nobel Peace Prize |date=12 October 2007 |publisher=Nobel Prize Committee |access-date=20 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109120132/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2007/press.html |archive-date=9 January 2010 }}

World Meteorological Day

File:WMO Ženeva.jpg]]

The World Meteorological Day is held annually on 23 March.{{cite web |url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/resources/world-meteorological-day |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127161017/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/resources/world-meteorological-day |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 November 2023 |title=World Meteorological Day |date=5 February 2018 |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |access-date=2019-03-20}}

Use of the International System of Units

WMO states that "the International System of Units (SI) should be used as the system of units for the evaluation of meteorological elements included in reports for international exchange."{{cite web |url=http://www.seedmech.com/documents_folder/wmo_no_8.pdf |title=World Meteorological Organization – Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation – Preliminary seventh edition – WMO-No. 8 – Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization – Geneva – Switzerland – 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123054426/http://www.seedmech.com/documents_folder/wmo_no_8.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2015 }} The following units, which include units which are not SI units, are recommended by the WMO for meteorological observations:

Degrees Celsius (°C) for temperature, or alternatively Kelvin (K).
Metres per second (m/s) for wind speed.
Degrees clockwise from north (°) for wind direction, or alternatively on the scale 0–36, where 36 is the wind directly from north and 09 is the directly wind from east.
Hectopascals (hPa) for atmospheric pressure.
Percent (%) for relative humidity.
Millimetres (mm) for precipitation (or the equivalent unit kilograms per square metre (kg/m²)).
Millimetres (mm) for evaporation.
Millimetres per hour (mm/h) for precipitation intensity, or alternatively kilograms per square metre per second (kg m⁻² s⁻¹).
Hours (h) for sunshine duration.
Metres (m) for visibility.
Metres (m) for cloud height.
Standard geopotential metre (m') for geopotential height.
Kilograms per square metre (kg/m²) for snow water equivalent.
Watts per square metre (W/m²) for irradiance.
Joules per square metre (J/m²) for radiant exposure.
Oktas for cloud cover.

Main public outreach materials

The World Meteorological Organization at a Glance{{cite web |title=The World Meteorological Organization at a Glance |url=https://library.wmo.int/idurl/4/53688 |website=library.wmo.int}}
WMO for Youth{{cite web |title=WMO for Youth |url=https://youth.wmo.int |website=youth.wmo.int |access-date=21 November 2024}}
WMO Bulletin (twice annually){{cite web |title=WMO Bulletin |url=https://library.wmo.int/records/picture?search=&sort=-Year_iso%2C_score&perpage=20&page=1&fulltext=1&refine%5BLanguages_EN%5D%5B0%5D=English&refine%5BCollection%5D%5B0%5D=General%20Information%24%24%24WMO%20Bulletin&r= |website=library.wmo.int}}
WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (annually){{cite web |title=Greenhouse Gas Bulletin |url=https://wmo.int/publication-series/greenhouse-gas-bulletin |website=World Meteorological Organization |access-date=21 November 2024 |language=en}}
WMO Statements on the Status of the World Climate (annually){{cite web |title=State of the Global Climate |url=https://wmo.int/publication-series/state-of-global-climate |website=World Meteorological Organization |access-date=21 November 2024 |language=en}}
In September 2020 the WMO published a high-level brief compilation of the latest climate science information from the WMO, GCP, UNESCO-IOC, IPCC, UNEP and the Met Office. The United in Science 2020 Report is subdivided into 7 chapters, which each have a list of key messages.{{cite news |title=UN report: Covid crisis does little to slow climate change |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-54074733 |access-date=9 October 2020 |publisher=BBC News |date=9 September 2020}}{{cite web |title=United in Science 2020 |url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/resources/united_in_science |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215221742/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/resources/united_in_science |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2023 |website=World Meteorological Organization |access-date=9 October 2020 |language=en |date=19 September 2019}}

WMO awards and prizes

International Meteorological Organization Prize{{Cite news|url=https://wmo.int/international-meteorological-organization-imo-prize|title=International Meteorological Organization (IMO) Prize |work=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231203142101/https://wmo.int/international-meteorological-organization-imo-prize |archive-date= 3 December 2023 }}
Professor Dr Vilho Väisälä Awards{{Cite news|url=https://wmo.int/professor-dr-vilho-vaisala-awards|title=Professor Dr Vilho Väisälä Awards |work=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203001505/https://wmo.int/professor-dr-vilho-vaisala-awards |archive-date= 3 December 2023 }}
Norbert Gerbier-Mumm International Award (suspended in 2014){{Cite news|url=https://public.wmo.int/en/about-us/awards/norbert-gerbier-mumm-international-award|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107004110/https://public.wmo.int/en/about-us/awards/norbert-gerbier-mumm-international-award|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 January 2017|title=Norbert Gerbier-Mumm International Award|date=2015-12-09|work=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en}}
WMO Research Award for Young Scientists{{Cite news|url=https://wmo.int/wmo-research-award-young-scientists|title=WMO Research Award for Young Scientists|date=2015-12-09|work=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en}}
Professor Mariolopoulus Award{{Cite news|url=https://wmo.int/professor-mariolopoulos-award|title=Professor Mariolopoulos Award|date=2015-12-09|work=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en}}

Membership

As of 2023, WMO Members include a total of 187 Member States and 6 Member Territories.{{cite web|title=WMO – Members|date=30 September 2015|url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215221739/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 December 2023|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=6 March 2019}}

Eight United Nations member states are not members of WMO: Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Palau, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and San Marino. Cook Islands and Niue are WMO Members but non-members of the United Nations. Vatican City and State of Palestine and the states with limited recognition are not members of either organization.

The six{{clarify |reason=7 listed |date=March 2025}} WMO Member Territories are the British Caribbean Territories (joint meteorological organization and membership), French Polynesia, Hong Kong, Macau, Curaçao and Sint Maarten (joint meteorological service and membership) and New Caledonia.{{cite web |title=WMO Members |url=https://wmo.int/about-wmo/wmo-members |website=World Meteorological Organization |access-date=6 March 2025 |language=en |date=20 January 2023}}

= Membership by regional associations =

File:WMO Regions.PNG

==Regional Association I (Africa)==

Region I consists of the states of Africa and a few former colonial powers. Region I has 57 member states and no member territories:{{cite web|title=Members of Regional Association I (Africa)|url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members?regions_tid=109|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218182140/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members?regions_tid=109|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2023|work=World Meteorological Organization|date = 30 September 2015|access-date=6 March 2017}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Republic of the Congo
Côte d'Ivoire
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Djibouti
Egypt
Eritrea
EswatiniAs Swaziland until 2018.
Ethiopia
France
Gabon
The Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Portugal
Rwanda
São Tomé and Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Spain
Sudan
Tanzania, United Republic of
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe

}}

Non-member

Equatorial Guinea

==Regional Association II (Asia)==

Region II has 33 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are:{{cite web|title=Members of Regional Association II (Asia)|url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members?regions_tid=110|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218182648/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members?regions_tid=110|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2023|work=World Meteorological Organization|date = 30 September 2015|access-date=6 March 2017}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|*Afghanistan

Bahrain
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
People's Republic of China
India
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iraq
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Oman
Pakistan
Qatar
Russian Federation
Saudi Arabia
Republic of Korea
Sri Lanka
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkmenistan
United Arab Emirates
Uzbekistan
Viet Nam
Yemen

}}

The member territories are:

Hong Kong
Macau

==Regional Association III (South America)==

Region III consists of the states of South America, including France as French Guiana is an overseas region of France. It has a total of 13 member states and no member territories:{{cite web|title=Members of Regional Association III (South America)|url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members?regions_tid=111|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218183112/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members?regions_tid=111|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2023|work=World Meteorological Organization|date = 30 September 2015|access-date=6 March 2017}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
French Guiana
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela

}}

==Regional Association IV (North America, Central America and the Caribbean)==

Region IV consists of the states of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean, including three European states with dependencies within the region. It has a total of 25 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are:{{cite web|title=Members of Regional Association IV (North America, Central America and the Caribbean)|url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members?regions_tid=112|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218183827/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members?regions_tid=112|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2023|work=World Meteorological Organization|date = 30 September 2015|access-date=6 March 2017}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Canada
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
France
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Netherlands
Nicaragua
Panama
Saint Lucia
Trinidad and Tobago
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
United States of America
Venezuela

The two member territories are:

British Caribbean Territories
Curaçao and Sint Maarten

Non-members

Grenada
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

}}

==Regional Association V (South-West Pacific)==

Region V consists of 23 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are:{{cite web|title=Members of Regional Association V (South-West Pacific)|url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members?regions_tid=113|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218172935/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members?regions_tid=113|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2023|work=World Meteorological Organization|date = 30 September 2015|access-date=18 May 2019}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

Australia
Brunei Darussalam
Cook Islands
Fiji
Indonesia
Kiribati
Malaysia
Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Samoa
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Tuvalu
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
United States of America
Vanuatu

The Cook Islands and Niue (both are in free association with New Zealand)

The member territories are:

French Polynesia
New Caledonia

Non-members

Marshall Islands
Palau

}}

==Regional Association VI (Europe)==

Region VI consists consist of all the states in Europe as well as some Western Asia. It has 50 member states:{{cite web|title=Members of Regional Association IV (Europe)|url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members?regions_tid=114|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218183900/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/about-us/members?regions_tid=114|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2023|work=World Meteorological Organization|date = 30 September 2015|access-date=6 March 2017}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

Albania
Andorra
Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Lebanon
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands
North MacedoniaUnder the provisional designation "The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" until 2019.
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Republic of Moldova
Russian Federation
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Non-members

Liechtenstein
San Marino

}}

==States with membership in more than one region==

A total of ten member states have membership in more than one region. Two nations are members to four different regions, while eight are members of two regions. These nations, with their regions, are as follows:

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

France (Regions I, III, IV, and VI)
United Kingdom (Regions I, IV, V, and VI)
Colombia (Regions III and IV)
Kazakhstan (Regions II and VI)
Netherlands (Regions IV and VI)
Portugal (Regions I and VI)
Russia (Regions II and VI)
Spain (Regions I and VI)
United States (Regions IV and V)
Venezuela (Regions III and IV)

}}

References

External links

{{Wikisource|Convention of the World Meteorological Organization}}

{{Official website}}
{{cite web |url=https://severeweather.wmo.int/ |title=Severe World Weather website |publisher=WMO}}
{{cite web |url= http://icoads.noaa.gov/metadata/wmo47/wmo_quarterly/47CodeTables9903.html |title= International List of Selected, Supplementary and Auxiliary Ships |id = Pub 47 |year = 1999 |publisher= International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) |quote= Including country codes }}
{{cite web |url=https://gfcs.wmo.int//wwc_3 |title=World Climate Conference-3 (WCC-3) |date=Aug 2009 |publisher=WMO}}