Odd Nerdrum

Nerdrum was born in Sweden. His Norwegian parents were resistance fighters who had fled German-occupied Norway to Helsingborg, Sweden during World War II where Nerdrum, subsequently, was born. At the end of the war Nerdrum returned to Norway with his parents. By 1950 Nerdrum's parents had divorced leaving the mother to raise Odd and his younger brother. In 1993, Nerdrum discovered that his father was not his biological father; his mother had had a relationship with the architect David Sandved. Nerdrum was born from this liaison.

Odd Nerdrum grew up as the son of lawyer and airline director Johan Nerdrum and shipowner's daughter Edith Marie (Lillemor) Nerdrum. He was born in Helsingborg, Sweden in 1944. His parents, then Resistance fighters, had been sent to Sweden from German-occupied Norway to direct guerrilla activities from outside the country. A year later, at the end of the war, Odd and his parents moved back to Norway. Lillemor, his mother, soon after, went to New York to study at the Fashion Institute of Technology. Nerdrum felt unwanted and abandoned; this feeling would stay with him until he was in his late forties. In 1950, Nerdrum's parents divorced, leaving Nerdrum's mother, Lillemor, to raise two small children, Odd, and his younger brother.{{cite book |last=Vine |first=Richard |title=Odd Nerdrum: Paintings, Sketches and Drawings. |year=2001 |publisher=Gyldendal Norsk Forlag A/S, Gyldendal Fakta |location=Oslo}} pp. 26-42

Nerdrum's father, Johan Nerdrum, later remarried. Although he was supportive of Odd, he kept an emotional distance between himself and his son. At his death, Odd was asked not to attend the funeral. He found out three years later that Johan was not his biological father. Odd, was in fact, the result of a liaison between David Sandved and Lillemor. Lillemor and Sandved had had a relationship prior to Lillemor's marriage, and this was resumed during the war in a period when Johan was absent. Richard Vine, art critic, describes this episode in Nerdrum's life as one which created "a conflicted preoccupation with origins and personal identity", that "came natural to Nerdrum" and was represented in his pictures. He would go on to make paintings about these experiences.

Nerdrum began his formal education in 1951 in Oslo, in the private Oslo Waldorf School (Rudolf Steinerskolen i Oslo). In Norway, anthroposophy in general and the Waldorf schools in particular have been strongly associated with the cultural and intellectual elite of the country since the early 20th century,[http://morgenbladet.no/kultur/2008/hundre_ars_tosomhet?quicktabs_mest_lest_mest_kommentert=0 Hundre års tosomhet], Morgenbladet, 19 Dec 2008 and the school attracted a combination of children of artists, academics and financial elites. This education would set Odd apart from his contemporaries. The system was based on anthroposophy that saw mankind as once living in harmony with the universe but now existing in a lesser state of rationality. Through spiritual or esoteric practice, Steiner believed mankind could find its way back to a connection with higher realities and to renewed harmony with the universe. Learning for students was often kinesthetic, for example, through dramatic enactments of history and fantasy, and through musical exercises that were reminiscent of the patterns found on ancient Greek vases, depicting figures moving in parallel patterns. These parallel patterns could be found in later Nerdrum work, as can a sensibility for iconographic images and costume.

Jens Bjørneboe, Norwegian author and mentor, said Nerdrum even at a young age exhibited tendencies of innate talent and industry, but also impatience with those with less ability than himself.

Odd Nerdrum has been married to fellow painter Turid Spildo since 1995. Spildo is artistic director of the Nerdrum Studio.{{Cite web |title=Artist Nerdrum defends himself again {{!}} Norway's News in English — www.newsinenglish.no |date=3 September 2014 |url=https://www.newsinenglish.no/2014/09/03/artist-nerdrum-defends-himself-again/comment-page-1/#comments |access-date=2022-10-26 |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Turidspildo (@kitschwife) • Instagram photos and videos |url=https://www.instagram.com/kitschwife/ |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www.instagram.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Kvinnor skapar män |url=https://www.bmz.se/dokument/kvinnor_skapar.html |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www.bmz.se}}{{Cite web |title=Odd Nerdrum Quotes on Art |url=https://www.artquotes.net/odd-nerdrum-quotes-on-art/ |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www.artquotes.net}} They have two sons, Öde and Bork; and twin daughters, Aftur and Myndin. Their adult children are engaged in creative endeavors, which includes art, documentary, plays and acting. {{Cite web |last=Solberg |first=Julie |date=2021-05-10 |title=Öde Nerdrum svarer på kjæreste-forvirringen |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/12-95-3424125737 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}{{Citation |title=Aftur Nerdrum on Staging her Father's Play "The Last Days of Immanuel Kant" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJ0KC068Ce0 |language=en |access-date=2022-10-26}}{{Cite web |last=Krager |first=Caroline |date=2020-11-23 |title=Odd Nedrums tvillingdøtre fronter norsk kleskolleksjon |url=https://melkoghonning.no/dotrene-fronter-anniken-jorgensen-kleskolleksjon/ |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=Melk & Honning |language=nb-NO}}{{Cite web |last=Official |first=Odd Nerdrum |date=2018-06-08 |title=The Hunt of Odd Nerdrum (2018) Released on Vimeo |url=https://nerdrum.com/the-hunt-of-odd-nerdrum-released-on-vimeo/ |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=Odd Nerdrum Official |language=en-US}}

Nerdrum began study at the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts, but became dissatisfied with the direction of modern art, notably Rauschenberg's work, and began to teach himself how to paint in a Neo-Baroque style, with the guidance of Rembrandt's technique and work as a primary influence. Nerdrum had seen Rembrandt's painting, The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis in the National Museum of Fine Arts in Stockholm. Nerdrum says seeing the painting was "a shock... Pervasive. Like finding home. I can say I found a home in this picture,... The wonderful thing with Rembrandt is the confidence he inspires - like when you warm your hands on a stove. Without Rembrandt I would have been so poor".[http://www.dagbladet.no/2010/05/11/kultur/kunst/odd_nerdrum/11674491/ "Nå snakker Odd Nerdrum igjen" ("Now Odd Nerdrum is talking again")] Eivind Kristensen, Dagbladet, May 11, 2010. By abandoning the accepted path of modern art, Nerdrum had placed himself in direct opposition to most aspects of the school, including his primary painting instructor, his fellow students, and a curriculum designed to present Norway as a country with an up-to-date artistic culture. He, in his own words, was chased from the academy after a two-year period like a "scroungy mutt". Years later Nerdrum said:

I saw that I was in the process of making a choice that would end in defeat. By choosing those qualities that were so alien to my own time, I had to give up at the same time the art on which the art of our time rests. I had to paint in defiance of my own era without the protection of the era's superstructure. Briefly put I would paint myself into isolation.Nerdrum, Odd.Themes: Paintings, Drawings, Prints and Sculptures, Press Publishing, Norway, 2007.pg11

Nerdrum later studied with Joseph Beuys, at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. However, he continued to feel isolated from the other students, who nicknamed him "Zorn" from the notorious Swedish "flesh-painter."

Rembrandt and Caravaggio are primary influences on Nerdrum's work, while secondary influences include Masaccio, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Titian, and the less obvious influences, according to Vine and either mentioned by Nerdrum himself or other critics, that include Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Goya, Chardin, Millet, as well as the even less apparent Henry Fuseli, Caspar David Friedrich, Ferdinand Hodler, Edvard Munch, Käthe Kollwitz, Salvador Dalí, Chaïm Soutine and Lars Hertervig.

Nerdrum's work from the first twenty years of his artistic life consisted of large canvasses, generally polemic in nature, that served to refute accepted social or economic viewpoints. The work from this period was highly representational and detailed in nature with often careful attention to contemporary references, such as in clothing, or in the model of a bicycle as in the painting The Arrest. Vine notes that, Nerdrum's influence was not, as might be expected, given the themes of the work, the ideological Ashcan school movement, although similar in subject matter. In 1968, Nerdrum had viewed for the first time the works of Caravaggio whose psychologically intense work, use of cross lighting, strongly suggested shadow that implied three dimensionality, and use of the faces of real, everyday people impacted him intensely, and provided one of the major influences for his work of this time period. He would revisit Italy and Caravaggio's work for on-going inspiration for many years.

As well, Nerdrum was a reader of visionary literature that included works by Rudolf Steiner, the prophetic William Blake, the dark Dostoyevsky, and the mystical Swedenborg. This would influence him towards a more vertical sensibility rather than the linear Marxist view based on revolution that influenced most artists with socially reformist sensibilities.

As a young student, Nerdrum had encountered the works of the master painters in the National Museum. In particular, Rembrandt's The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis (1661) acted as a powerful antidote to his sensibilities. His disillusionment with modern art, such as Robert Rauschenberg's Monogram,{{cite web|title=Monogram|url=http://www.lukechueh.com/paintings/monogram.html|access-date=17 April 2012}} a stuffed goat with a tire around its middle section standing on a flat, littered surface, which Nerdrum had encountered in the Museum of Modern Art in Stockholm, filled the young artist with disgust.

These influences both positive and negative would impact all of Nerdrum's work. A turning point in Nerdrum's work - the end of Nerdrum's more contemporary scene-like work, and the movement towards more Rembrandt-like painting elements- revolved around the enormous (11x16¾ foot) Refugees At Sea (1979–1980). Nerdrum, according to Vine, later considered the work to be naive in the sense that Rousseau defines the word, in which mankind is seen as innocent and innately good. In the painting Nerdrum endows the refugees, 27 Vietnamese boat people, with heroic stature, but in a highly sentimentalized manner that Nerdrum later described as "cloying".

In 1981 Nerdrum created a seminal work that would serve to indicate a change in direction from the sentimentalized view of Refugees at Sea to a starker, unadorned view of reality. Twilight, a rear view of a young woman alone in a wooded landscape defecating, offers nothing sentimental or ideal in its betrayal, but instead offers a stripped away view of life and reality.

Paintings were no longer as multi-figured as they had been with Refugees at Sea, and still lifes were of individual objects such as a brick or loaf of bread. The individuals who now populated Nerdrum's paintings were imbued with great quiet and stillness, but as Vine says, additionally were vitally alive, evoking a cosmic oneness that transcended individuality.

These figures — types rather than endowed with features or apparent stories that might distinguish them as individual — were costumed in garments that seemed timeless such as furs, skins, or leather caps, rather than in clothing that would link the viewer to a specific time and place.

Archetypal-like, these beings, inhabited pre-social, apocalyptic-like circumstances that included stark, severe landscapes, a reference to some place beyond our own time and space.

Nerdrum's approach to painting is based on traditional methods that included mixing and grinding his own pigments, working on canvas he had stretched or is stretched by assistants rather than on pre-stretched canvas, and working from live models, often himself, and in many cases members of his own family. In 2011, Nerdrum stated that the technique he used in the 1980s was faulty, "a special mixture of oils and wax in an effort to recreate the style of the old masters" which subsequently melted and disintegrated.Nina Berglund, "[http://www.newsinenglish.no/2011/08/03/artist-pleads-not-guilty-to-tax-evasion/ Artist pleads ‘not guilty’ to tax evasion]," Views and News from Norway, August 3, 2011

Of his process Nerdrum says: "When I paint as if I struggle in the water. I will try with all means not to drown. Sandpaper, rags, my fingers, the knife--in short everything. The brush is rarely used."

Odd Nerdrum prints are based on his paintings. For example, an etching entitled Baby is based on a painting of the same title from 1982. Nerdrum refers to his highly finished, charcoal drawings as "paintings" Often his drawings are large in scale and are works in their own right, as well as being studies for future paintings.

{{Main|Kitsch movement}}

Odd Nerdrum has declared himself to be a kitsch-painter identifying himself with kitsch rather than with the contemporary art world. Initially, Nerdrum's declaration was thought to be a joke, but later, and with the publication of articles and books on the subject, Nerdrum's position can be seen as an implied criticism of contemporary art.{{cite web|website=The Nerdrum Institute|title=Odd Nerdrum Biography|url=http://www.nerdruminstitute.com/on_biography.php|access-date=17 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407104525/http://www.nerdruminstitute.com/on_biography.php|archive-date=7 April 2012}}

In 2011, Nerdrum was convicted in Norway of tax evasion and sentenced to two years in prison. An appeal was filed.Nina Berglund, "[http://www.newsinenglish.no/2011/08/17/artist-odd-nerdrum-sentenced-to-jail/ Artist Odd Nerdrum sentenced to jail]," Views and News from Norway, August 17, 2011 His defense claimed that a very large amount of money stored in a safe deposit box in Austria was "a safety measure against future claims" for some 36 paintings that Nerdrum had created in the 1980’s using an experimental medium which began to melt when exposed to heat."Nina Berglund, "[http://www.artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=49936/ Controversy Follows Conviction of Artist Odd Nerdrum for Alleged Tax Fraud] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122051721/http://www.artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=2 |date=2008-11-22 }}," ArtDaily.com, August 22, 2011 The sentence was criticised as excessive while art professor Øivind Storm Bjerke called the sentence "strict".Nina Berglund, "[http://www.newsinenglish.no/2011/08/19/artist-cant-paint-in-prison/ Artist can’t paint in prison]," Views and News from Norway, August 19, 2011 Supporters stated that there were flaws in the proceedings of the trial, such as faulty evidence.Allison Malafronte, [http://freeoddnerdrum.com/The%20Nerdrum%20Affair,%20final%20PDF,%20low%20res.pdf American Artist Magazine] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722073028/http://freeoddnerdrum.com/The%20Nerdrum%20Affair,%20final%20PDF,%20low%20res.pdf |date=2012-07-22 }}, Jan-Feb 2012 Nerdrum claimed the case was an attempt at political persecution.{{cite web|title=Free Odd Nerdrum|url=http://freeoddnerdrum.com/Intro.html|access-date=6 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702230026/http://freeoddnerdrum.com/Intro.html|archive-date=2 July 2012}}

In January 2012, the Norwegian court of appeal granted Nerdrum a new trial.{{cite news|last=Trulson|first=Ola|title=Nerdrum-sak til lagmannsretten/Nerdum Goes To The Court of Appeal|url=http://www.nrk.no/kultur-og-underholdning/1.7970035|access-date=20 April 2012|newspaper=NRK|date=2012-01-26}} The trial began on 11 June.[https://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/konst-form/nerdrum-stammer-norska-skatteverket/ "Nerdrum stämmer norska skatteverket (Nerdrum sues the Norwegian Revenue Service)"], Dagens Nyheter Kultur / TT Spektra, 1 March 2012. After three trial days, Nerdrum was once again convicted of tax evasion and sentenced to two years and ten months in prison. In 2013, the verdict was set aside by the Supreme Court of Norway;{{cite web | url=http://www.vg.no/rampelys/nerdrum-milliontap-paa-fransk-slott/a/10123730/ | title=Nerdrum: Milliontap på fransk slott | date=19 May 2014 }}[http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/06/29/kultur/kunst/odd_nerdrum/rettssak/skattesvik/22344558/ Anker til høyesterett] (Appeals to the Supreme Court), (Dagbladet, Article in Norwegian), 29 June 2012. in 2014 court of appeals found him guilty of tax evasion and he was sentenced to 20 months in prison; 8 months were suspended.{{cite web |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/Odd-Nerdrum-domt-til-fengsel-for-skattesvik-86568b.html |title=Odd Nerdrum dømt til fengsel for skattesvik - Aftenposten |website=www.aftenposten.no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112143603/http://www.aftenposten.no/kultur/Odd-Nerdrum-domt-til-fengsel-for-skattesvik-86568b.html |archive-date=2016-11-12}} Under Norwegian law, Nerdrum would be forbidden from any painting activity in prison, as prisoners in Norway are not allowed to pursue business activities while incarcerated.

In October 2012, Nerdrum lost a suit filed against the regional tax authority. The Oslo court ruled that the funds that Nerdrum had set aside in Austria did not constitute a 'loan, security, depot or committed funds' and should have been disclosed as income.{{cite web|access-date=2020-10-08|title=Nerdrum lost in court again|url=https://www.newsinenglish.no/2012/10/24/nerdrum-lost-in-court-again/|website=www.newsinenglish.no|date=24 October 2012 }}

In September 2017 Nerdrum was pardoned by King Harald V of Norway.{{cite news |last1=editorial unknown name |title=Hats off to Harald |url=http://www.nysun.com/editorials/hats-off-to-harald/90095/ |access-date=30 November 2017 |publisher=New York Sun |date=October 11, 2017}}

A 2000 horror film, The Cell, contains a scene that was heavily influenced by Nerdrum's 1989 painting Dawn. The scene features three identical figures sitting down, looking upwards with pained, trance-like expressions on their faces. Director Tarsem Singh in the film's audio commentary says that the painting was the inspiration for the scene's imagery. Singh had seen the painting while visiting the owner of the painting, David Bowie.[http://www.vg.no/pub/vgart.hbs?artid=7353724 "Nerdrum kopiert i Lopez-thriller" ("Nerdrum copied in Lopez thriller")], Jon Selås, Verdens Gang, Sep 8 2000

Australian choreographer, Meryl Tankard's 2009 dance piece, The Oracle, was inspired by the work of Nerdrum. The work, featuring the dancer Paul White, was about the human being in constant struggle with forces outside of itself.{{cite web|title=Meryl Tankard|url=http://www.dlbdance.com/en/companies/detail/items/26.html|access-date=6 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001015825/http://www.dlbdance.com/en/companies/detail/items/26.html|archive-date=1 October 2013}}

The Norwegian classical composer Martin Romberg wrote a collection of piano pieces inspired by three of Nerdrum's works in 2014, named Tableaux Kitsch. The pieces are inspired by the paintings To the Lighthouse, Stranded, and Drifting, and were premiered at Nerdrum's exhibitions in Paris 2013 and Barcelona 2016.{{cite web|url=http://worldwidekitsch.com/news-articles/the-kitsch-interview-martin-romberg|title=Romberg's interview with Bork Nerdrum for World Wide Kitsch 2016|publisher=World Wide Kitsch.}}{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/brandon-kralik/odd-nerdrum-opens-his-house-in-paris_b_3287912.html|title= Event Report from Odd Nerdrum Exhibition, Paris 2013|date= 17 May 2013|publisher= Huffington Post.}}

Nerdum's highest selling painting, Dawn, was sold at Sotheby's London, for £341,000 ($428,637), on 11 November 2016.{{Cite web|url=http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2016/bowie-collector-part-ii-modern-contemporary-art-day-auction-l16148/lot.275.html|title=Odd Nerdrum: Dawn|publisher=Sotheby's|accessdate=2016-11-15|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129082350/http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2016/bowie-collector-part-ii-modern-contemporary-art-day-auction-l16148/lot.275.html|archivedate=2016-11-29}} This was a new record for the artist, surpassing the previous one held by The Cloud from 2008.{{Cite web|last=Hansen|first=Espen Arnold|date=2016-11-11|url=http://www.vg.no/rampelys/auksjon/bowies-nerdrum-ikon-solgt/a/23845291/|title=Bowies Nerdrum-ikon solgt|language=Norwegian|work=Verdens Gang|accessdate=2016-11-15}}

Odd Nerdrum's work is held in public collections worldwide including the National Gallery, in Oslo,[https://www.nasjonalmuseet.no/en/collection/search/?query=odd+nerdrum Odd Nerdrum, National Gallery, Oslo] the Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art, in Oslo, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, in Washington, D.C.,[https://hirshhorn.si.edu/collection/search/result/?edan_q=Odd%2BNerdrum#/ Odd Nerdrum, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden] the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York,[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search#!?q=ODD%20NERDRUM Odd Nerdrum, Metropolitan Museum of Art] the New Orleans Museum of Art, in New Orleans,[https://palateneworleans.com/blog-1/2019/4/23/a-norwegian-evening-at-noma Odd Nerdrum, New Orleans Museum of Art] the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, in San Diego,[http://collection.mcasd.org/people/1990/odd-nerdrum;jsessionid=564023D42410EB11C584B340B5BC2D72 Odd Nerdrum, Museum of Contemporary Art of San Diego] and the Walker Art Center, in Minneapolis.[https://walkerart.org/collections/artists/odd-nerdrum Odd Nerdrum, Waker Art Center]

Odd Nerdrum is represented by the Forum Gallery, New York.[https://www.forumgallery.com/artists/odd-nerdrum/images Odd Nerdrum, Forum Gallery]

• Skiens Kunstforening, Skien, Norway "Minner" June–September 2017
• Galleri Agardh Tornvall, Stockholm, Sweden "Making Painting Great again" November 2017
• Mollbrink's Art Gallery, Uppsala, Sweden "Making Painting great again" March 2018

• Odd Nerdrum, Joacim Ericsson, Per Lundgren, David Molesky, Richard T. Scott, Richard Vine. The Nerdrum School: The Master and His Students. Oslo, Norway: Orfeus Publishing, Nov. 2013. {{ISBN|978-91-87543-04-3}}.[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brandon-kralik/the-nerdrum-school-the-ma_b_4207398.html The Nerdrum School], Orfeus Publishing, Nov 2013.
• Odd Nerdrum, Jan-Ove Tuv, Bjorn Li, Dag Solhjell, Tommy Sorbo, Maria Kreyn, Kitsch: More than Art. Oslo, Norway: Schibsted 2011. {{ISBN|978-82-516-3638-4}}.
• Odd Nerdrum, Bjørn Li. Odd Nerdrum: themes: paintings, drawings, prints and sculptures. Oslo, Norway: Press Publishing, 2007. {{ISBN|82-7547-226-1}}.
• Odd Nerdrum and Richard Vine. Odd Nerdrum: paintings, sketches and drawings. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Fakta, 2001. {{ISBN|82-489-0121-1}}.
• Odd Nerdrum, On Kitsch Oslo, Norway: Kagge Publishing, 2001 {{ISBN|978-8248901235}}
• Odd Nerdrum and Jan-Erik Ebbestad Hansen. Odd Nerdrum: paintings. Oslo, Norway: Aschehoug, 1995. {{ISBN|82-03-26063-2}}.
• Odd Nerdrum, Jan Åke Pettersson and Astrup Fearnley Museet for Moderne Kunst. Odd Nerdrum: storyteller and self-revealer. Oslo, Norway: Astrup Fearnley museet for moderne kunst: Aschehoug, 1999. {{ISBN|82-03-22272-2}}.
• Odd Nerdrum, Richard Vine, E John Bullard and New Orleans Museum of Art. Odd Nerdrum, the drawings. New Orleans, Louisiana: New Orleans Museum of Art, 1994. {{ISBN|0-89494-047-3}}.

{{reflist|2}}

• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PJhUYj_Q1Q Odd Nerdrum: A collection of 63 works (HD)], Video 6:49.
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttIlMsFHxv0 Odd Nerdrum: The Self-portrait (2015)], Video 34:29.
• [http://nerdrummuseum.com/ Odd Nerdrum official website]
• [https://www.forumgallery.com/artists/odd-nerdrum?view=slider#3 Forum Gallery] - the gallery representing Nerdrum

{{Odd Nerdrum}}

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