Open-mid back rounded vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=ɔ

|ipa number=306

|decimal=596

|xsampa=O

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0254.svg

|imagesize=150px

|braille=gh

}}

File:Spectrogram of open-mid back rounded vowel (IPA ɔ).png

The open-mid back rounded vowel, or low-mid back rounded vowel,{{Vowel terminology}} is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɔ}}. The IPA symbol is a turned letter c and both the symbol and the sound are commonly called "open-o". The name open-o represents the sound, in that it is like the sound represented by {{angbr IPA|o}}, the close-mid back rounded vowel, except it is more open. It also represents the symbol, which can be remembered as an o which has been "opened" by removing part of the closed circular shape.

In English, the symbol {{angbr IPA|ɔ}} (or {{angbr IPA|ɔː}}) is typically associated with the vowel in "thought", but in Received Pronunciation ("RP", standard British English), Australian English, New Zealand English and South African English that vowel is produced with considerably stronger lip rounding and higher tongue position than that of cardinal {{IPA|[ɔ]}}, i.e. as close-mid {{IPAblink|oː}} or somewhat lower. Open-mid {{IPA|[ɔː]}} or even open {{IPAblink|ɒː}} realizations are found in North American English (where this vowel is often indistinguishable from the open back unrounded vowel in "bra") and Scottish English as well as Hiberno-English, Northern England English and Welsh English, though in the last three accent groups closer, {{IPAblink|oː}}-like realizations are also found. In RP, the open-mid realization of {{IPA|/ɔː/}} has been obsolete since the 1930s. Pronouncing that vowel as such is subject to correction for non-native speakers aiming at RP.{{Harvcoltxt|Harrington|Cox|Evans|1997}}Geoff Lindsey (2012) [http://englishspeechservices.com/blog/morgen-a-suitable-case-for-treatment/ Morgen — a suitable case for treatment], Speech Talk{{Harvcoltxt|Roach|2004|p=242}}{{Harvcoltxt|Wells|1982}}

In Received Pronunciation and Australian English, the open-mid back rounded vowel occurs as the main allophone of the {{sc2|LOT}} vowel {{IPA|/ɒ/}}. The contrast between {{IPA|/ɔː/}} and {{IPA|/ɒ/}} is thus strongly maintained, with the former vowel being realized as close-mid {{IPAblink|oː}} and the latter as open-mid {{IPA|[ɔ]}}, similarly to the contrast between {{IPA|/o/}} and {{IPA|/ɔ/}} found in German, Italian and Portuguese.{{Harvcoltxt|Wikström|2013|p=45}}, "It seems to be the case that younger RP or near-RP speakers typically use a closer quality, possibly approaching Cardinal 6 considering that the quality appears to be roughly intermediate between that used by older speakers for the LOT vowel and that used for the THOUGHT vowel, while older speakers use a more open quality, between Cardinal Vowels 13 and 6."

Features

Occurrence

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
Albanian \|Tosk \|tortë \|[ˈtɔɾtə] \|'cake' \|
Armenian	Eastern{{Harvcoltxt\|Dum-Tragut\|2009\|p=13}}	{{lang\|hy\|հողմ}} hoġm	{{IPA\|[hɔʁm]}}	'storm'
colspan="2" \| Assamese	{{lang\|hy\|কৰ}} / kor	[kɔɹ]	'to do'	May also be transcribed as fully low [ɒ] or "over-rounded" [ɒ̹]
Bavarian	Amstetten dialect{{Harvcoltxt\|Traunmüller\|1982}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=290}}	wås	{{IPA\|[β̞ɔs]}}	'what'	Contrasts close {{IPAblink\|u}}, near-close {{IPAblink\|o̝}}, close-mid {{IPAblink\|o}} and open-mid {{IPA\|[ɔ]}} back rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded {{IPAblink\|ä}}.{{Harvcoltxt\|Traunmüller\|1981}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɒ}}.
colspan="2" \| Bengali{{Harvcoltxt\|Khan\|2010\|p=222}}	{{lang\|bn\|অর্থ}} ortho	{{IPA\|[ɔrt̪ʱɔ]}}	'meaning'	See Bengali phonology
colspan="2" \| BretonMikael Madeg, Traité de prononciation du breton du Nord-Ouest à l’usage des bretonnants, Emgleo Breiz, Brest, 2010	roll	[ˈrɔlː]	'list'
colspan="2" \| Bulgarian{{Harvcoltxt\|Ternes\|Vladimirova-Buhtz\|1999\|p=56}}	{{lang\|bg\|род}} rod	{{IPA\|[rɔt̪]}}	'kin'	See Bulgarian phonology
colspan="2" \| Catalan{{Harvcoltxt\|Carbonell\|Llisterri\|1992\|p=54}}	{{lang\|ca\|soc}}	{{IPA\|[ˈsɔk]}}	'clog'	See Catalan phonology
rowspan="2" \|Chinese	Cantonese	{{lang\|yue\|我}} ngo⁵	{{IPA\|[ŋɔː˩˧]}}	'I, me, my'	See Cantonese phonology
Hokkien	{{lang\|nan\|某}} bó͘	{{IPA\|[bɔ⁵²]}}	'wife'	See Hokkien phonology
Cipu	Tirisino dialect{{sfnp\|McGill\|2014\|pp=308–309}}	{{lang\|awc\|kødø}}	{{IPA\|[kɔ̟̀ɗɔ̟́]}}	'cut down!'	Near-back.{{sfnp\|McGill\|2014\|p=308}}
Danish	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Grønnum\|1998\|p=100}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=47}}	{{lang\|da\|kort}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkʰɔːt]}}	'map'	Most often transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɒː}}. See Danish phonology
rowspan="2" \| Dutch	Standard Belgian{{Harvcoltxt\|Verhoeven\|2005\|p=245}}	rowspan="2" \| {{lang\|nl\|och}}	rowspan="2" \| {{Audio-IPA\|Nl-och.ogg\|[ʔɔˤx]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'alas'	rowspan="2" \| 'Very tense, with strong lip-rounding',{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=132}} strongly pharyngealized{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|pp=132, 222 and 224}} (although less so in standard Belgian{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=222}}) and somewhat fronted.{{Harvcoltxt\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=47}} See Dutch phonology
Standard Northern
rowspan="8" \| English	Australian	rowspan="4" \| not	rowspan="4" \| {{Audio-IPA\|En-uk-not.ogg\|[nɔt]}}	rowspan="4" \| 'not'	See Australian English phonology
Estuary{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells\|1982\|p=305}}
New Zealand{{Harvcoltxt\|Mannell\|Cox\|Harrington\|2009}}	May be somewhat fronted.{{Harvcoltxt\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}} Often transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɒ}}. See New Zealand English phonology
Received Pronunciation	{{IPA\|/ɒ/}} has shifted up in emerging RP.
General American \| rowspan="2" \|thought \| rowspan="2" \|{{IPA\|[θɔːt]}} \| rowspan="2" \|'thought' \| Mainly in speakers without the cot–caught merger. It may be lower {{IPAblink\|ɒ}}. (It is rarely lowered to {{IPA\|/ɒ/}} before liquids {{IPA\|/l ɹ/}}, and may thus be more familiar to many North Americans in r-colored form, {{IPAslink\|ɔ˞}}.)
Scottish{{Harvcoltxt\|Scobbie\|Gordeeva\|Matthews\|2006\|p=7}}	Most Scottish dialects exhibit the cot-caught merger, the outcome of which is a vowel of {{IPA\|[ɔ]}} quality.
Sheffield{{Harvcoltxt\|Stoddart\|Upton\|Widdowson\|page=74}}	goat	{{IPA\|[ɡɔːt]}}	'goat'	Common realization of the {{Sc2\|GOAT}} vowel particularly for males.
Newfoundland{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells\|1982\|p=498}}	but	{{IPA\|[bɔt]}}	'but'	Less commonly unrounded {{IPAblink\|ʌ}}. See English phonology
colspan="2"\| Faroese	{{lang\|fo\|lálla}}	{{IPA\|[ˈlɔtla]}}	'seal flipper'	See Faroese phonology
French	Parisian{{Harvcoltxt\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}	{{lang\|fr\|sotte}}	{{Audio-IPA\|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-sotte.wav\|[sɔt]\|help=no}}	'silly' (f.)	The Parisian realization has been variously described as a back vowel {{IPA\|[ɔ]}} centralized to {{IPAblink\|ɞ}} before {{IPA\|/ʁ/}} and central {{IPAblink\|ɞ}}.{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}} See French phonology
colspan="2" \| Galician	{{lang\|gl\|home}}	{{IPA\|[ˈɔmɪ]}}	'man'	See Galician phonology
colspan="2" \| Georgian{{Harvcoltxt\|Shosted\|Chikovani\|2006\|pp=261–262}}	{{lang\|ka\|სწორი}} stsori	{{IPA\|[st͡sʼɔɾi]}}	'correct'
German	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=34}}	{{lang\|de\|voll}}	{{Audio-IPA\|De-at-voll.ogg\|[fɔl]}}	'full'	See Standard German phonology
rowspan="2" \| Hindustani \| Hindi	कौन /kaun	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[kɔːn]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'who'	rowspan="2" \| See Hindustani phonology
Urdu \|کَون/kaun
colspan="2" \| Italian{{Harvcoltxt\|Rogers\|d'Arcangeli\|2004\|p=119}}	{{lang\|it\|parola}}	{{Audio-IPA\|It-parola.ogg\|[päˈrɔ̟ːlä]}}	'word'	Near-back. See Italian phonology
colspan="2" \| Javanese	ꦫꦱ / råså	{{IPA\|[rɔsɔ]}}	taste, feeling
colspan="2" \| Kaingang{{Harvcoltxt\|Jolkesky\|2009\|pp=676–677, 682}}	align="center" \| pó \|{{IPA\|[ˈpɔ]}}	'stone'
colspan="2" \| Kera{{Harvcoltxt\|Pearce\|2011\|p=251}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[dɔ̟̀l]}}	'hard earth'	Near-back.
colspan="2" \| Kokborok	{{lang\|trp\|kwrwi}}	{{IPA\|[kɔrɔi]}}	'not'
Korean \| North Korean	{{lang\|ko\|조선}} / {{lang\|ko-Latn\|Chosŏn}}	{{IPA\|[t͡sɔsɔn]}}	'North Korea'	Both ㅓ /ʌ/ and ㅗ /o/ in South Korean have merged into [ɔ] in North Korean. See Korean phonology
colspan="2" \| Limburgish{{Harvcoltxt\|Verhoeven\|2007\|p=221}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Peters\|2006\|pp=118–119}}	{{lang\|li\|mòn}}	{{IPA\|[mɔːn]}}	'moon'	Lower {{IPAblink\|ɒ\|ɔ̞ː}} in the Maastrichtian dialect.{{Harvcoltxt\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|pp=158–159}} The example word is from the Hasselt dialect.
colspan="2" \| Lower Sorbian{{Harvcoltxt\|Stone\|2002\|p=600}}	{{lang\|dsb\|pšosba}}	{{IPA\|[ˈpʂɔz̪bä]}}	'a request'
rowspan="3" \| Low German	Most dialects	{{lang\|nds\|stok}}	{{IPA\|[stɔk]}}	'stick'	May be more open {{IPA\|[ɒ]}} in the Netherlands or more closed {{IPA\|[o̞]}} in Low Prussian dialects.
Various dialects	{{lang\|nds\|slaap}}	{{IPA\|[slɔːp]}}	'sleep'	May be as low as {{IPA\|[ɒː]}} and as high as {{IPA\|[oː]}} in other dialects.
Southern Eastphalian	{{lang\|nds\|brâd}}Schambach, Gerog (1858), "Wörterbuch der niederdeutschen Mundart der Fürstenthümer Göttingen und Grubenhagen oder GöttingischGrubenhagen'sches Idiotikon", p. 30.	{{IPA\|[brɔːt]}}	'bread'	Corresponds to {{IPA\|[oː], [ou̯], [ɔu̯], [ɛo̯]}} in other dialects.
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{Harvcoltxt\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|p=70}}	{{lang\|lb\|Sonn}}	{{IPA\|[zɔn]}}	'son'	Possible realization of {{IPA\|/o/}}. See Luxembourgish phonology
rowspan="3" \|Malay \|Standard \|sotong \|{{IPA\|[sotɔŋ]}} \|'squid' \|Possible realization of {{IPA\|/o/}} and {{IPA\|/u/}} in closed final syllables. See Malay phonology
Negeri Sembilan \| كيت / kita \|{{IPA\|[kitɔ]}} \|'we' (inclusive) \|See Negeri Sembilan Malay
Kelantan-Pattani \| بياسا / biasa \|{{IPA\|[bɛsɔ]}} \|'normal' \|See Kelatan-Pattani Malay
rowspan=2 colspan=2\| Nepali	{{lang\|ne\|पर}}	{{IPA\|[pɔ̜ɾɔ̜]}}	'far'	Less rounded. Allophone of {{IPA\|/ʌ/}} around labial consonants and in isolation.{{cite journal \|last=Darnal\|first=Arnav\|title= Spoken and sung vowels produced by bilingual Nepali speakers: A brief comparison\|journal= Himalayan Linguistics\|volume= 23\|issue= 1\|pages= 5-11\|doi= 10.5070/H923161723}}
{{lang\|ne\|लामो}}	{{IPA\|[lämɔ]}}	'long'	Uncommon post-nasal allophone of {{IPA\|/o/}}, which is commonly raised to {{IPA\|[u]}}.{{citation\|last=Pokharel\|first=Madhav Prasad\|year=1989\|title=Experimental analysis of Nepali sound system\|type=PhD\|publisher=University of Pune, India}}
Norwegian	Some dialects{{Harvcoltxt\|Popperwell\|2010\|p=26}}	{{lang\|no\|så}}	{{IPA\|[sɔː]}}	'so'	Present e.g. in Telemark; realized as mid {{IPAblink\|ɔ̝ː}} in other dialects. See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \| Occitan	{{lang\|oc\|òda}}	{{IPA\|[ɔðɔ]}}	'ode'	See Occitan phonology
colspan="2" \| Odia	{{lang\|or\|ଅର୍ଥ}}	{{IPA\|[ɔɾtʰɔ]}}	'meaning'
colspan="2" \| Polish{{Harvcoltxt\|Jassem\|2003\|p=105}}	{{lang\|pl\|kot}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Pl-kot.ogg\|[kɔt̪]}}	'cat'	See Polish phonology
rowspan="2" \| Portuguese	Most dialects{{Harvcoltxt\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=91}}[http://www.pucminas.br/imagedb/mestrado_doutorado/publicacoes/PUA_ARQ_ARQUI20121017151454.pdf Variação inter- e intra-dialetal no português brasileiro: um problema para a teoria fonológica – Seung-Hwa LEE & Marco A. de Oliveira] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215091040/http://www.pucminas.br/imagedb/mestrado_doutorado/publicacoes/PUA_ARQ_ARQUI20121017151454.pdf \|date=2014-12-15 }}	{{lang\|pt\|fofoca}}	{{IPA\|[fɔˈfɔ̞kɐ]}}	'gossip'	Stressed vowel might be lower. The presence and use of other unstressed ⟨o⟩ allophones, such as {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|o̞}} {{IPAplink\|o}} {{IPAplink\|ʊ}} {{IPAplink\|u}}]}}, varies according to dialect.
Some speakers[http://cl.up.pt/arquivo/como/tabela_fenomenos.pdf Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP] {{in lang\|pt}}	{{lang\|pt\|bronca}}	{{IPA\|[ˈbɾɔ̃kə]}}	'scolding'	Stressed vowel, allophone of nasal vowel {{IPA\|/õ̞/}}. See Portuguese phonology
Russian	Some speakers{{Harvcoltxt\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|p=56}}	{{lang\|ru\|сухой}} sukhoy	{{IPA\|[s̪ʊˈxɔj]}}	'dry'	More commonly realized as mid {{IPAblink\|o̞}}. See Russian phonology
Slovak	Standard{{sfnp\|Pavlík\|2004\|pp=94–95}}	{{lang\|sk\|ohúriť}}	{{IPA\|[ˈɔɦu̞ːri̞c]}}	'to stun'	See Slovak phonology
Swedish	Standard	{{lang\|sv\|moll}}	{{IPA\|[mɔlː]}}	'minor scale'	See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" \| Tagalog	{{lang\|tl\|oyayi}}	{{IPA\|[ʔɔˈjajɪ]}}	'lullaby'	See Tagalog phonology
colspan="2" \| Thai	{{lang\|th\|งอ}} ngo	{{IPA\|[ŋɔː˧]}}	'to bend'	See Thai phonology
colspan="2" \| Temne{{Harvcoltxt\|Kanu\|Tucker\|2010\|p=249}}	{{lang\|tem\|pɔn}}	{{IPA\|[pɔ̟̀n]}}	'swamp'	Near-back.
colspan="2" \| Ukrainian{{sfnp\|Danyenko\|Vakulenko\|1995\|p=4}}	{{lang\|uk\|любов}} lyubov	{{IPA\|[lʲuˈbɔw]}}	'love'	See Ukrainian phonology
colspan="2" \| Upper Sorbian{{Harvcoltxt\|Šewc-Schuster\|1984\|p=20}}	{{lang\|hsb\|pos}}	{{IPA\|[pɔs̪]}}	'dog'	See Upper Sorbian phonology
colspan="2" \|Welsh \| siop \|{{IPA\|[ʃɔp]}} \|'shop' \|See Welsh phonology
colspan="2" \| West Frisian{{sfnp\|Tiersma\|1999\|p=10}}	{{lang\|fy\|rôt}}	{{IPA\|[rɔːt]}}	'rat'	See West Frisian phonology
colspan="2" \| Yoruba{{Harvcoltxt\|Bamgboṣe\|1969\|p=166}}	colspan="3" \| {{example needed\|date=December 2023}}	Nasalized; may be near-open {{IPAblink\|ɒ\|ɔ̞̃}} instead.

Notes

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External links

{{phoible|ɔ}}

Category:Open-mid vowels

Category:Back vowels

Category:Rounded vowels

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
Albanian \|Tosk \|tortë \|[ˈtɔɾtə] \|'cake' \|
Armenian	Eastern{{Harvcoltxt\|Dum-Tragut\|2009\|p=13}}	{{lang\|hy\|հողմ}} hoġm	{{IPA\|[hɔʁm]}}	'storm'
colspan="2" \| Assamese	{{lang\|hy\|কৰ}} / kor	[kɔɹ]	'to do'	May also be transcribed as fully low [ɒ] or "over-rounded" [ɒ̹]
Bavarian	Amstetten dialect{{Harvcoltxt\|Traunmüller\|1982}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=290}}	wås	{{IPA\|[β̞ɔs]}}	'what'	Contrasts close {{IPAblink\|u}}, near-close {{IPAblink\|o̝}}, close-mid {{IPAblink\|o}} and open-mid {{IPA\|[ɔ]}} back rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded {{IPAblink\|ä}}.{{Harvcoltxt\|Traunmüller\|1981}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɒ}}.
colspan="2" \| Bengali{{Harvcoltxt\|Khan\|2010\|p=222}}	{{lang\|bn\|অর্থ}} ortho	{{IPA\|[ɔrt̪ʱɔ]}}	'meaning'	See Bengali phonology
colspan="2" \| BretonMikael Madeg, Traité de prononciation du breton du Nord-Ouest à l’usage des bretonnants, Emgleo Breiz, Brest, 2010	roll	[ˈrɔlː]	'list'
colspan="2" \| Bulgarian{{Harvcoltxt\|Ternes\|Vladimirova-Buhtz\|1999\|p=56}}	{{lang\|bg\|род}} rod	{{IPA\|[rɔt̪]}}	'kin'	See Bulgarian phonology
colspan="2" \| Catalan{{Harvcoltxt\|Carbonell\|Llisterri\|1992\|p=54}}	{{lang\|ca\|soc}}	{{IPA\|[ˈsɔk]}}	'clog'	See Catalan phonology
rowspan="2" \|Chinese	Cantonese	{{lang\|yue\|我}} ngo⁵	{{IPA\|[ŋɔː˩˧]}}	'I, me, my'	See Cantonese phonology
Hokkien	{{lang\|nan\|某}} bó͘	{{IPA\|[bɔ⁵²]}}	'wife'	See Hokkien phonology
Cipu	Tirisino dialect{{sfnp\|McGill\|2014\|pp=308–309}}	{{lang\|awc\|kødø}}	{{IPA\|[kɔ̟̀ɗɔ̟́]}}	'cut down!'	Near-back.{{sfnp\|McGill\|2014\|p=308}}
Danish	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Grønnum\|1998\|p=100}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=47}}	{{lang\|da\|kort}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkʰɔːt]}}	'map'	Most often transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɒː}}. See Danish phonology
rowspan="2" \| Dutch	Standard Belgian{{Harvcoltxt\|Verhoeven\|2005\|p=245}}	rowspan="2" \| {{lang\|nl\|och}}	rowspan="2" \| {{Audio-IPA\|Nl-och.ogg\|[ʔɔˤx]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'alas'	rowspan="2" \| 'Very tense, with strong lip-rounding',{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=132}} strongly pharyngealized{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|pp=132, 222 and 224}} (although less so in standard Belgian{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=222}}) and somewhat fronted.{{Harvcoltxt\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=47}} See Dutch phonology
Standard Northern
rowspan="8" \| English	Australian	rowspan="4" \| not	rowspan="4" \| {{Audio-IPA\|En-uk-not.ogg\|[nɔt]}}	rowspan="4" \| 'not'	See Australian English phonology
Estuary{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells\|1982\|p=305}}
New Zealand{{Harvcoltxt\|Mannell\|Cox\|Harrington\|2009}}	May be somewhat fronted.{{Harvcoltxt\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}} Often transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɒ}}. See New Zealand English phonology
Received Pronunciation	{{IPA\|/ɒ/}} has shifted up in emerging RP.
General American \| rowspan="2" \|thought \| rowspan="2" \|{{IPA\|[θɔːt]}} \| rowspan="2" \|'thought' \| Mainly in speakers without the cot–caught merger. It may be lower {{IPAblink\|ɒ}}. (It is rarely lowered to {{IPA\|/ɒ/}} before liquids {{IPA\|/l ɹ/}}, and may thus be more familiar to many North Americans in r-colored form, {{IPAslink\|ɔ˞}}.)
Scottish{{Harvcoltxt\|Scobbie\|Gordeeva\|Matthews\|2006\|p=7}}	Most Scottish dialects exhibit the cot-caught merger, the outcome of which is a vowel of {{IPA\|[ɔ]}} quality.
Sheffield{{Harvcoltxt\|Stoddart\|Upton\|Widdowson\|page=74}}	goat	{{IPA\|[ɡɔːt]}}	'goat'	Common realization of the {{Sc2\|GOAT}} vowel particularly for males.
Newfoundland{{Harvcoltxt\|Wells\|1982\|p=498}}	but	{{IPA\|[bɔt]}}	'but'	Less commonly unrounded {{IPAblink\|ʌ}}. See English phonology
colspan="2"\| Faroese	{{lang\|fo\|lálla}}	{{IPA\|[ˈlɔtla]}}	'seal flipper'	See Faroese phonology
French	Parisian{{Harvcoltxt\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}	{{lang\|fr\|sotte}}	{{Audio-IPA\|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-sotte.wav\|[sɔt]\|help=no}}	'silly' (f.)	The Parisian realization has been variously described as a back vowel {{IPA\|[ɔ]}} centralized to {{IPAblink\|ɞ}} before {{IPA\|/ʁ/}} and central {{IPAblink\|ɞ}}.{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}} See French phonology
colspan="2" \| Galician	{{lang\|gl\|home}}	{{IPA\|[ˈɔmɪ]}}	'man'	See Galician phonology
colspan="2" \| Georgian{{Harvcoltxt\|Shosted\|Chikovani\|2006\|pp=261–262}}	{{lang\|ka\|სწორი}} stsori	{{IPA\|[st͡sʼɔɾi]}}	'correct'
German	Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=34}}	{{lang\|de\|voll}}	{{Audio-IPA\|De-at-voll.ogg\|[fɔl]}}	'full'	See Standard German phonology
rowspan="2" \| Hindustani \| Hindi	कौन /kaun	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[kɔːn]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'who'	rowspan="2" \| See Hindustani phonology
Urdu \|کَون/kaun
colspan="2" \| Italian{{Harvcoltxt\|Rogers\|d'Arcangeli\|2004\|p=119}}	{{lang\|it\|parola}}	{{Audio-IPA\|It-parola.ogg\|[päˈrɔ̟ːlä]}}	'word'	Near-back. See Italian phonology
colspan="2" \| Javanese	ꦫꦱ / råså	{{IPA\|[rɔsɔ]}}	taste, feeling
colspan="2" \| Kaingang{{Harvcoltxt\|Jolkesky\|2009\|pp=676–677, 682}}	align="center" \| pó \|{{IPA\|[ˈpɔ]}}	'stone'
colspan="2" \| Kera{{Harvcoltxt\|Pearce\|2011\|p=251}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[dɔ̟̀l]}}	'hard earth'	Near-back.
colspan="2" \| Kokborok	{{lang\|trp\|kwrwi}}	{{IPA\|[kɔrɔi]}}	'not'
Korean \| North Korean	{{lang\|ko\|조선}} / {{lang\|ko-Latn\|Chosŏn}}	{{IPA\|[t͡sɔsɔn]}}	'North Korea'	Both ㅓ /ʌ/ and ㅗ /o/ in South Korean have merged into [ɔ] in North Korean. See Korean phonology
colspan="2" \| Limburgish{{Harvcoltxt\|Verhoeven\|2007\|p=221}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Peters\|2006\|pp=118–119}}	{{lang\|li\|mòn}}	{{IPA\|[mɔːn]}}	'moon'	Lower {{IPAblink\|ɒ\|ɔ̞ː}} in the Maastrichtian dialect.{{Harvcoltxt\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|pp=158–159}} The example word is from the Hasselt dialect.
colspan="2" \| Lower Sorbian{{Harvcoltxt\|Stone\|2002\|p=600}}	{{lang\|dsb\|pšosba}}	{{IPA\|[ˈpʂɔz̪bä]}}	'a request'
rowspan="3" \| Low German	Most dialects	{{lang\|nds\|stok}}	{{IPA\|[stɔk]}}	'stick'	May be more open {{IPA\|[ɒ]}} in the Netherlands or more closed {{IPA\|[o̞]}} in Low Prussian dialects.
Various dialects	{{lang\|nds\|slaap}}	{{IPA\|[slɔːp]}}	'sleep'	May be as low as {{IPA\|[ɒː]}} and as high as {{IPA\|[oː]}} in other dialects.
Southern Eastphalian	{{lang\|nds\|brâd}}Schambach, Gerog (1858), "Wörterbuch der niederdeutschen Mundart der Fürstenthümer Göttingen und Grubenhagen oder GöttingischGrubenhagen'sches Idiotikon", p. 30.	{{IPA\|[brɔːt]}}	'bread'	Corresponds to {{IPA\|[oː], [ou̯], [ɔu̯], [ɛo̯]}} in other dialects.
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{Harvcoltxt\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|p=70}}	{{lang\|lb\|Sonn}}	{{IPA\|[zɔn]}}	'son'	Possible realization of {{IPA\|/o/}}. See Luxembourgish phonology
rowspan="3" \|Malay \|Standard \|sotong \|{{IPA\|[sotɔŋ]}} \|'squid' \|Possible realization of {{IPA\|/o/}} and {{IPA\|/u/}} in closed final syllables. See Malay phonology
Negeri Sembilan \| كيت / kita \|{{IPA\|[kitɔ]}} \|'we' (inclusive) \|See Negeri Sembilan Malay
Kelantan-Pattani \| بياسا / biasa \|{{IPA\|[bɛsɔ]}} \|'normal' \|See Kelatan-Pattani Malay
rowspan=2 colspan=2\| Nepali	{{lang\|ne\|पर}}	{{IPA\|[pɔ̜ɾɔ̜]}}	'far'	Less rounded. Allophone of {{IPA\|/ʌ/}} around labial consonants and in isolation.{{cite journal \|last=Darnal\|first=Arnav\|title= Spoken and sung vowels produced by bilingual Nepali speakers: A brief comparison\|journal= Himalayan Linguistics\|volume= 23\|issue= 1\|pages= 5-11\|doi= 10.5070/H923161723}}
{{lang\|ne\|लामो}}	{{IPA\|[lämɔ]}}	'long'	Uncommon post-nasal allophone of {{IPA\|/o/}}, which is commonly raised to {{IPA\|[u]}}.{{citation\|last=Pokharel\|first=Madhav Prasad\|year=1989\|title=Experimental analysis of Nepali sound system\|type=PhD\|publisher=University of Pune, India}}
Norwegian	Some dialects{{Harvcoltxt\|Popperwell\|2010\|p=26}}	{{lang\|no\|så}}	{{IPA\|[sɔː]}}	'so'	Present e.g. in Telemark; realized as mid {{IPAblink\|ɔ̝ː}} in other dialects. See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \| Occitan	{{lang\|oc\|òda}}	{{IPA\|[ɔðɔ]}}	'ode'	See Occitan phonology
colspan="2" \| Odia	{{lang\|or\|ଅର୍ଥ}}	{{IPA\|[ɔɾtʰɔ]}}	'meaning'
colspan="2" \| Polish{{Harvcoltxt\|Jassem\|2003\|p=105}}	{{lang\|pl\|kot}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Pl-kot.ogg\|[kɔt̪]}}	'cat'	See Polish phonology
rowspan="2" \| Portuguese	Most dialects{{Harvcoltxt\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=91}}[http://www.pucminas.br/imagedb/mestrado_doutorado/publicacoes/PUA_ARQ_ARQUI20121017151454.pdf Variação inter- e intra-dialetal no português brasileiro: um problema para a teoria fonológica – Seung-Hwa LEE & Marco A. de Oliveira] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215091040/http://www.pucminas.br/imagedb/mestrado_doutorado/publicacoes/PUA_ARQ_ARQUI20121017151454.pdf \|date=2014-12-15 }}	{{lang\|pt\|fofoca}}	{{IPA\|[fɔˈfɔ̞kɐ]}}	'gossip'	Stressed vowel might be lower. The presence and use of other unstressed ⟨o⟩ allophones, such as {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|o̞}} {{IPAplink\|o}} {{IPAplink\|ʊ}} {{IPAplink\|u}}]}}, varies according to dialect.
Some speakers[http://cl.up.pt/arquivo/como/tabela_fenomenos.pdf Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP] {{in lang\|pt}}	{{lang\|pt\|bronca}}	{{IPA\|[ˈbɾɔ̃kə]}}	'scolding'	Stressed vowel, allophone of nasal vowel {{IPA\|/õ̞/}}. See Portuguese phonology
Russian	Some speakers{{Harvcoltxt\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|p=56}}	{{lang\|ru\|сухой}} sukhoy	{{IPA\|[s̪ʊˈxɔj]}}	'dry'	More commonly realized as mid {{IPAblink\|o̞}}. See Russian phonology
Slovak	Standard{{sfnp\|Pavlík\|2004\|pp=94–95}}	{{lang\|sk\|ohúriť}}	{{IPA\|[ˈɔɦu̞ːri̞c]}}	'to stun'	See Slovak phonology
Swedish	Standard	{{lang\|sv\|moll}}	{{IPA\|[mɔlː]}}	'minor scale'	See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" \| Tagalog	{{lang\|tl\|oyayi}}	{{IPA\|[ʔɔˈjajɪ]}}	'lullaby'	See Tagalog phonology
colspan="2" \| Thai	{{lang\|th\|งอ}} ngo	{{IPA\|[ŋɔː˧]}}	'to bend'	See Thai phonology
colspan="2" \| Temne{{Harvcoltxt\|Kanu\|Tucker\|2010\|p=249}}	{{lang\|tem\|pɔn}}	{{IPA\|[pɔ̟̀n]}}	'swamp'	Near-back.
colspan="2" \| Ukrainian{{sfnp\|Danyenko\|Vakulenko\|1995\|p=4}}	{{lang\|uk\|любов}} lyubov	{{IPA\|[lʲuˈbɔw]}}	'love'	See Ukrainian phonology
colspan="2" \| Upper Sorbian{{Harvcoltxt\|Šewc-Schuster\|1984\|p=20}}	{{lang\|hsb\|pos}}	{{IPA\|[pɔs̪]}}	'dog'	See Upper Sorbian phonology
colspan="2" \|Welsh \| siop \|{{IPA\|[ʃɔp]}} \|'shop' \|See Welsh phonology
colspan="2" \| West Frisian{{sfnp\|Tiersma\|1999\|p=10}}	{{lang\|fy\|rôt}}	{{IPA\|[rɔːt]}}	'rat'	See West Frisian phonology
colspan="2" \| Yoruba{{Harvcoltxt\|Bamgboṣe\|1969\|p=166}}	colspan="3" \| {{example needed\|date=December 2023}}	Nasalized; may be near-open {{IPAblink\|ɒ\|ɔ̞̃}} instead.

Open-mid back rounded vowel

Features

Occurrence

See also

Notes

References

External links