Open access in India
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}{{short description|Overview of the culture and regulation of open access in India}}
In India, the Open Access (उन्मुक्त अभिगम) movement started in May 2004, when two workshops were organized by the M S Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai.{{Cite web |title=Open Access Workshop, Chennai |url=https://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~chan/oaindia/index.html |access-date=2018-11-16 |website=www.utsc.utoronto.ca}} In 2006, the National Knowledge Commission in its recommendations proposed that "access to knowledge is the most fundamental way of increasing the opportunities and reach of individuals and groups".{{Cite web |date=2017-12-25 |title=Recommendations |url=http://knowledgecommissionarchive.nic.in:80/focus/default.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225175848/http://knowledgecommissionarchive.nic.in:80/focus/default.asp |archive-date=25 December 2017 |access-date=2021-12-02}} In 2011, the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) began requiring that its grantees provide open access to funded research,{{citation |title=CSIR Open Access Mandate |url=http://www.csircentral.net/mandate.pdf |work=Csircentral.net |location=Pune |access-date=2 April 2018}}{{cite web |title=Browse by Country: India |url=http://roarmap.eprints.org/view/country/356.html |access-date=2 April 2018 |work=ROARMAP: Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies |publisher=University of Southampton |location=UK}} the Open Access India forum formulated a draft policy on Open Access for India. The Shodhganga, a digital repository for theses, was also established in 2011 with the aim of promoting and preserving academic research. The University Grants Commission (UGC) made it mandatory for scholars to deposit their theses in Shodhganga, as per the Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of M. Phil./Ph.D. Degrees Regulations, 2016. Currently, the Directory of Open Access Journals lists 326 open access journals published in India, of which 233 have no fees.File:Open Access India Logo.png]
Landmarks
- 2004 - First workshop on Open Access and Institutional Repositories by M S Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai.{{Verification needed|date=April 2025}}
- 2006 - India's first institutional mandate of open access adopted by the National institute of Technology, Rourkela.{{Cite journal|date=2014-12-15|title=National Institute of Technology, Rourkela|url=http://roarmap.eprints.org/30/}}
- 2008 - First UNESCO book on OA released in India titled "Open Access to Knowledge and Information: Scholarly Literature and Digital Library Initiatives - the South Asian Scenario" [https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000158585]
- 2009 - National Knowledge Commission recommends Open Educational Resources[https://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/nkc.pdf] [https://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/nkc.pdf].
- 2011 - [https://web.archive.org/web/20221128103504/https://openaccessindia.org/ Open Access India] formed{{Cite web |title=Facebook Group 'Open Access India' Formed {{!}} AIMS |url=https://aims.fao.org/news/facebook-group-open-access-india-formed |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=aims.fao.org}}
- 2011 - Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) constitutes [http://csircentral.net/decision.pdf committee] for implementation of [http://www.csircentral.net/mandate.pdf Open Access policy] in CSIR.
- 2011 - UGC and INFLIBNET Centre launched the Shodhganga : A Reservoir of Indian Theses, to disseminate theses and dissertations produced in Indian universities.
- 2013 - National Repository of Open Educational Resources
- 2013 - Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) adopted [https://www.icar.gov.in/node/5542 Open Access policy]{{Cite web|last=ICAR|first=New Delhi|date=2013|title=Open Access Policy of ICAR|url=http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/9665/|access-date=2021-08-28|website=eprints.cmfri.org.in|language=en}} for the establishment of Open Access institutional repositories in the ICAR institutes
- 2014 - Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and Department of Science and Technology (DST) jointly made [http://dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/APPROVED%20OPEN%20ACCESS%20POLICY-DBT%26DST%2812.12.2014%29_1.pdf funders mandate for Open Access to the research outputs funded by the DBT/DST].
- 2016 - UGC [https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/4952604_UGC-(M.PHIL.-PH.D-DEGREES)-REGULATIONS,-2016.pdf Mandates] M. Phil & Ph.D. thesis deposition.
- 2017 - Open Access India had developed and submitted a draft '[https://web.archive.org/web/20221128103507/https://openaccessindia.org/national-open-access-policy-of-india-draft-ver-3/ National Open Access Policy]' to the Ministries of Human Resource Development and Science & Technology.{{Cite journal |last=Open Access India |date=2017-02-12 |title=National Open Access Policy of India (Draft) Ver. 3 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1002618 |journal=Zenodo |doi=10.5281/zenodo.1002618}}{{Cite journal |last1=India |first1=Open Access |last2=Rao |first2=Achintya |last3=Gray |first3=Andrew |last4=Gunjal |first4=Bhojaraju |last5=Singh |first5=Chandni |last6=Mietchen |first6=Daniel |last7=Das |first7=Diptanshu |last8=Babini |first8=Dominique |last9=Gorla |first9=Praveen |last10=Kalra |first10=Harinder Pal Singh |last11=Kuchma |first11=Iryna |last12=Tennant |first12=Jon |last13=Davidson |first13=Joy |last14=Oswal |first14=Sanket |last15=Gutam |first15=Sridhar |date=2017-02-14 |title=National Open Access Policy of India (Draft, 2017) Ver. 3 |url=https://zenodo.org/records/1002618 |journal=Zenodo |doi=10.5281/zenodo.1002618}}
- 2017 - AgriXiv, preprints repository launched by Open Access India with the support of the Centre for Open Science.{{Cite web |last=Science |first=Center for Open |title=The Center for Open Science Releases Another Branded Preprint Service With AgriXiv |url=https://www.cos.io/about/news/center-open-science-releases-preprint-service-agrixiv |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=www.cos.io |language=en}}
- 2018 - The "Delhi Declaration on Open Access" in South Asia was issued on 14 February 2018, signed by dozens of academics and supporters.{{Cite journal|last=Das|first=Anup Kumar|title=Delhi Declaration on Open Access 2018: An overview|url=http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/44214|journal=Annals of Library and Information Studies |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=83–84 |date=March 2018|language=en-US|issn=0975-2404}}
- 2018 - The University Grants Commission's thesis repository, Shodhganga which is in place due to the Ministry of HRD's directives, encourages the authors to tag the submissions with Creative Commons Licence Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).{{Cite tweet |title=Register |url-access=limited |user=sridhargutam |number=987259885212524544 |url=https://twitter.com/sridhargutam/status/987259885212524544 |access-date=2021-12-01 |language=en}}
- 2019 - IndiaRxiv, India's preprint repository launched by the Open Access India community.{{Cite journal|last=Mallapaty|first=Smriti|date=2019-04-17|title=Indian scientists launch preprint repository to boost research quality|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01082-0|journal=Nature|language=en|doi=10.1038/d41586-019-01082-0|pmid=32296152|s2cid=145828439|url-access=subscription}}{{Cite web|title=Research outputs find a home at IndiaRxiv – IndiaRxiv|url=https://indiarxiv.in/research-outputs-find-a-home-at-indiarxiv/|access-date=2021-12-01|website=indiarxiv.in}}
- 2019 - Open Access India joins [http://amelica.org/index.php/en/home/ AmeliCA] in taking forward the 'non-profit publishing model to preserve the scholarly communications' in India{{Cite web|title=Organizational Chart – AmeliCA|url=http://amelica.org/index.php/en/organizational-chart/|access-date=2021-12-12|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=India – AmeliCA|url=http://amelica.org/index.php/en/india-en/|access-date=2021-12-12|language=en-US}}
- 2020 - AgriXiv is relaunched as agriRxiv by jointly by the Open Access India and CABI.{{Cite web |title=CABI launches new agriRxiv, the dedicated agricultural preprint service for agricultural research |url=https://www.cabi.org/news-article/cabi-launches-new-agrirxiv-the-dedicated-agricultural-preprint-service-for-agricultural-research/ |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=CABI.org |language=en-GB}}
- 2020 - [https://www.psa.gov.in/psa-prod/psa_custom_files/STIP_Doc_1.4_Dec2020.pdf Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2020 (draft)] propose to make preprints and post prints available through a central repository.{{Cite web|last=Barooah|first=Swaraj Paul|title=Draft Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Proposes Major Changes to India's Open Access Culture|url=https://spicyip.com/2021/01/draft-science-technology-and-innovation-policy-proposes-major-changes-to-indias-open-access-culture.html|access-date=2021-12-01|website=SpicyIP|date=4 January 2021 |language=en-US}}
- 2022 - [https://ops.iihr.res.in/index.php/IndiaRxiv IndiaRxiv] relaunched using Open Preprint Systems of Public Knowledge Project.{{Cite web |date=2022-03-01 |title=India gets 1st preprint server back — 'IndiaRxiv' aims to be one-stop shop for domestic research |url=https://theprint.in/science/india-gets-1st-preprint-server-back-indiarxiv-aims-to-be-one-stop-shop-for-domestic-research/853193/ |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}
- 2022 - The [http://www.cuh.ac.in/ Central University of Haryana adopted] Open Access Policy{{Cite web |title=Open Access Policy – Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Central Library |url=https://library.cuh.ac.in/open-access-policy-of-cuh/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |language=en-US}}
- 2024 - The Open Access India community launches [https://www.indiajol.org/ IndiaJOL], a Diamond Open Access platform for not for profit scholarly journalsOpen Access India [@OAIndia]. (2024, December 21). Introducing
http://IndiaJOL.org A Diamond Open Access platform empowering non-profit scholarly societies in India! [Tweet]. X (formerly Twitter).https://x.com/OAIndia/status/1866605150795641136
Forums
The Open Access India forum was started in 2011 as an online forum and as a community of practice.{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=http://openaccessindia.org/about-us/|access-date=2021-11-30|website=Open Access India|language=en-GB}}{{Cite web|title=Indian scientist bags open access award|url=https://www.scidev.net/global/news/indian-scientist-bags-award/|access-date=2021-11-30|website=SciDev.Net|language=en-US}} The members of the community of practice, [http://openaccessindia.org/ Open Access India] had adapted the PLOS's Open Access logo and modified it to represent it as the Open Access movement in India and had formulated a draft policy on Open Access for India.{{Cite journal|last=Open Access India|date=2017-02-12|title=National Open Access Policy of India (Draft) Ver. 3|doi=10.5281/zenodo.1002618|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1002618}}
Journals
As of April 2022, the Directory of Open Access Journals lists 326 open access journals which are being published from India of which, 233 are having no Article Processing Charges..{{cite web |url= http://doaj.org |title=(Search: Country of Publisher: India) |work= Directory of Open Access Journals |publisher= Infrastructure Services for Open Access |location=IN |access-date= 29 June 2021 }} Titles include the Indian Journal of Community Medicine, Indian Journal of Medical Research, Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology and Journal of Horticultural Sciences.
Repositories
File:IndiaRxiv name logo 01.png
As of April 2018, there are at least 78 collections of scholarship in India housed in digital open access repositories.{{cite web |work=Registry of Open Access Repositories |publisher=University of Southampton |location=UK |url= http://roar.eprints.org/view/geoname/geoname=5F2=5FIN.html |title= Browse by Country: India |access-date= 15 April 2018 }}{{cite web |url= http://www.opendoar.org/countrylist.php?cContinent=Asia |title= India |work= Directory of Open Access Repositories |publisher= University of Nottingham |location= UK |access-date= 15 April 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180416133059/http://www.opendoar.org/countrylist.php?cContinent=Asia |archive-date= 16 April 2018 |url-status= dead }}{{cite web |url= http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/portals-and-platforms/goap/access-by-region/asia-and-the-pacific/india/ |work=Global Open Access Portal |title=India |publisher=UNESCO |access-date= 15 April 2018 }} They contain journal articles, book chapters, data, and other research outputs that are free to read. The Open Access India with the help of Centre for Open Science had launched a preprint repository for India, [https://indiarxiv.org/ IndiaRxiv] on 5 August 2019 which had recently crossed 100 records mark.{{Cite journal|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01082-0|title=Indian scientists launch preprint repository to boost research quality|last=Mallapaty|first=Smriti|date=17 April 2019|journal=Nature|doi=10.1038/d41586-019-01082-0|pmid=32296152|s2cid=145828439|access-date=23 October 2019|url-access=subscription}} However, it is not accepting the records currently on its OSF but there is an update of resumption on new website.{{Cite journal|last=Mallapaty|first=Smriti|date=2020-02-13|title=Popular preprint servers face closure because of money troubles|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=578|issue=7795|pages=349|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00363-3|pmid=32071446|bibcode=2020Natur.578..349M|s2cid=211138911|doi-access=free}}{{Cite web|title=Preprints will soon be accepted on IndiaRxiv – IndiaRxiv|url=https://indiarxiv.in/preprints-will-soon-be-accepted-on-indiarxiv/|access-date=2022-01-14|website=indiarxiv.in}} The Open Access India earlier had launched AgriXiv, preprints repository for agriculture and allied sciences which is now currently with CABI as agriRxiv.{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://agrirxiv.org/about/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=AgriRxiv|language=en}}
See also
References
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Further reading
- Guttikonda, A., & Gutam, S. (2009). [https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2488 Prospects of open access to Indian agricultural research: A case study of ICAR]. First Monday, 14(7).
https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v14i7.2488 {{free access}} - {{citation |author1=S.B. Ghosh |author2= Anup Kumar Das |title= Open access and institutional repositories -- A developing country perspective: A case study of India |work= Papers of 72nd IFLA General Conference and Council |publisher=International Federation of Library Associations |url= http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla72/papers/157-Ghosh_Das-en.pdf |year= 2006 }}
- {{citation |title= Professor Subbiah Arunachalam, leading Indian OA advocate and distinguished fellow of the Chennai-based M S Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) |series=Open Access Interviews |url= http://richardpoynder.co.uk/The%20OA%20Interviews.htm |author=Richard Poynder |work=Open and Shut? |location=UK |year= 2006 }}
- {{citation |url=https://elpub.architexturez.net/system/files/pdf/271_elpub2008.content_0.pdf |title=Open Access in India: Hopes and Frustrations |author=Subbiah Arunachalam |work= Proceedings ELPUB 2008 Conference on Electronic Publishing - Toronto, Canada |year= 2008 |author-link=Subbiah Arunachalam }}
- {{citation |chapter= Open Access in India – the Status Quo |title=Open Access: Opportunities and Challenges - a Handbook |author1= European Commission |author2-link=German Commission for UNESCO |author2= German Commission for UNESCO |doi=10.2777/93994 |year= 2008 |publisher=Publications Office |isbn=9789279066658 |author1-link=European Commission }}
- {{citation |author1=S. Arunachalam |author2= Madhan Muthu |title= Open Access to Scholarly Literature in India — A Status Report (with Emphasis on Scientific Literature) |url=https://cis-india.org/openness/publications/open-access-scholarly-literature.pdf |publisher= Centre for Internet and Society |location= Bangalore |year= 2011 }}
- {{citation |author1=Anand Bandi |author2= Shekappa Bandi |title=Open Access to Knowledge: Initiatives in India |work= National Conference on Beyond Librarianship: Creativity, Innovation and Discovery |quote= CDAC Mumbai, Maharashtra |year=2011 |hdl= 10760/21190 }}
- {{citation |title= Frances Jayakanth of India's National Centre for Science Information |series=Open Access Interviews |url= http://richardpoynder.co.uk/The%20OA%20Interviews.htm |author=Richard Poynder |work=Open and Shut? |location=UK |year= 2012 }}
- {{citation |title=Open Access in India: Q&A with Subbiah Arunachalam |series=Open Access Interviews |url= http://richardpoynder.co.uk/The%20OA%20Interviews.htm |author=Richard Poynder |work=Open and Shut? |location=UK |year= 2014 }}
- {{cite journal |title=Impact of open access on CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR) journals |author= Neera Agarwal |journal= Annals of Library and Information Studies |issn=0972-5423 |publisher=National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources |location=India |url=http://op.niscair.res.in/index.php/ALIS/article/view/7221 |volume= 62 |year= 2015 }} (About National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources)
- {{cite book |title=Learning from the BRICS: Open Access to Scientific Information in Emerging Countries |editor=Joachim Schöpfel |isbn= 978-1-936117-84-0 |publisher=Litwin |year=2015 }} (Includes information about India, Brazil, China, Russia, South Africa)
- {{cite journal |author1= Bharat H. Sondarva |author2= Jagadishchandra P.Gondalia |title=Open Access Journals In India: An Analysis of Medical Science Open Access Journals |url= http://www.itlit.net/v2n1art3.pdf |journal=International Trends in Library and Information Technology |volume= 2 |year= 2015 }}
- {{cite book |chapter= India |author= Walt Crawford |title=Gold Open Access by Country 2012-2017 |chapter-url=https://waltcrawford.name/goaj.html |publisher=Cites & Insights Books |location= US |year= 2018 |author-link= Walt Crawford }} {{free access}}
External links
- {{cite web |url=http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/list_signatures?indorg=all&keyword=India |title= (Signatures: India) |work=Budapestopenaccessinitiative.org |quote=Budapest Open Access Initiative }}
- {{cite web |url= https://tagteam.harvard.edu/hubs/oatp/tag/oa.india |title=(India) |work=Open Access Tracking Project |oclc= 1040261573 |publisher=Harvard University |quote=News and comment from the worldwide movement for open access to research |editor=Peter Suber }}
- {{cite web |url= http://roarmap.eprints.org/view/country/ |title=Browse by Country: India |work=ROARMAP: Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies |publisher=University of Southampton |location=UK }}
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