Operation Yewtree

{{main|Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal}}

File:Jimmy Savile 2006.jpg in 2006]]

An ITV documentary, Exposure: The Other Side of Jimmy Savile, researched and presented by former police detective Mark Williams-Thomas, was broadcast on 3 October 2012, almost a year after Savile's death. The programme contained several allegations by women who said that, as teenagers, they had been sexually abused by radio and television personality Jimmy Savile, who had gained access to them through the television programmes he had presented and his charity work.{{cite news | first = Neil | last = Midgley | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/tv-and-radio-reviews/9585422/Jimmy-Savile-Exposure-ITV1-review.html | title = Jimmy Savile: Exposure, ITV1, review | work = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | date = 4 October 2012 | access-date = 20 November 2012 }} Following the broadcast, many other people came forward to make allegations about Savile's conduct towards young people, including sexual abuse that had taken place on BBC premises and in hospitals to which Savile had access.{{cite news | first1 = Martin | last1 = Beckford | first2 = Richard | last2 = Alleyne | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/9588692/Met-investigate-Sir-Jimmy-Savile-as-dozens-more-abuse-allegations-are-made.html | title = Met investigate Sir Jimmy Savile as dozens more abuse allegations are made | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | date = 5 October 2012 | access-date = 5 October 2012 }}

On 4 October 2012, the Metropolitan Police said it would take the national lead in a process of assessing the allegations.{{cite news | url = http://content.met.police.uk/News/Met-to-lead-on-Savile-allegations/1400012072110/1257246745756 | publisher = Metropolitan Police | title = Met to lead on Savile allegations | date = 4 October 2012 | access-date = 20 November 2012 }}{{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19837906 | title = Met Police to assess Jimmy Savile claims |publisher=BBC News | date = 4 October 2012 | access-date = 4 October 2012 }} The assessment was undertaken by the Serious Case Team of the service's Child Abuse Investigation Command, led by Detective Superintendent David Gray working closely with the BBC. The police said, "Our priority will be to ensure a proportionate and consistent policing response putting the victims at the heart of our enquiries", and that "it is not an investigation at this stage".

The Metropolitan Police announced on 9 October that the inquiry into the allegations would be called Operation Yewtree, and would be undertaken jointly with the NSPCC. The police had formally recorded eight allegations against Savile, but announced they were following 120 lines of inquiry, covering up to 25 victims of abuse, mainly girls aged between 13 and 16. The allegations covered four decades, from 1959 until the 1980s, and were on "a national scale". Commander Peter Spindler, head of specialist crime investigations,{{cite web | url = http://www.met.police.uk/about/charts/mps-orgchart-oct2012.pdf | publisher = Metropolitan Police | title = Organisational Structure | date = October–November 2012 | access-date = 20 November 2012 }} said, "At this stage it is quite clear from what women are telling us that Savile was a predatory sex offender."{{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19887019 | title = Savile abuse claims: Police pursue 120 lines of inquiry |publisher=BBC News| date = 9 October 2012 | access-date = 9 October 2012 }}

"Yewtree" was chosen from a list of names which are intended to be neutral and unrelated to each particular case. This system, dating back to the 1980s, is used for operations which are started to handle specific crimes, as opposed to more general, pro-active operations with names connected to their intent.{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7288489.stm | publisher = BBC News | title = How do police operations get their names? | date = 25 March 2008 | access-date = 20 November 2012 }}

File:Max Clifford arrested by Savile Detectives on sex abuse allegations (12886585393) (2).jpg after his December 2012 arrest]]

The Metropolitan Police launched a criminal investigation on 19 October 2012 as, in addition to the historic allegations of child sex abuse by Savile, there were "lines of inquiry involving living people that require formal investigation".{{cite news | url = http://content.met.police.uk/News/Operation-Yewtree-Update/1400012396517/1257246745756 | publisher = Metropolitan Police | title = Operation Yewtree Update | date = 19 October 2012 | access-date = 20 November 2012 }} The criminal investigations within Operation Yewtree were led by Detective Chief Inspector Michael Orchard as the Senior Investigating Officer and overseen by Chief Superintendent Keith Niven, head of the Metropolitan Police's child abuse investigation command,{{cite news |first=Vikram |last=Dodd |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/oct/28/jimmy-savile-police-investigation-grew |title=Jimmy Savile: how the police investigation grew |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=28 October 2012 |access-date=20 November 2012}} and by December 2012, 30 officers were involved with the case. Noting that the operation was "dealing with alleged abuse on an unprecedented scale" and that it "empowered a staggering number of victims to come forward to report the sexual exploitation which occurred during their childhood",{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20006049 |title=Savile abuse claims: Met Police launch criminal inquiry |publisher=BBC News |date=19 October 2012 |access-date=19 October 2012}}{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/jimmy-savile/9620149/Jimmy-Savile-police-launch-criminal-investigation-after-victims-claim-some-abusers-are-still-alive.html |title=Jimmy Savile: police launch criminal investigation after victims claim some abusers are still alive |first=Gordon |last=Rayner |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=19 October 2012 |access-date=19 October 2012}} Commander Peter Spindler said that: "We are dealing with a major criminal investigation. This is a watershed moment for child abuse investigations and Yewtree will be a landmark investigation." The operation follows three strands: allegations against Savile, allegations against Savile and others, and allegations just involving others.{{cite news |first=Ewan |last=Palmer |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/freddie-starr-arrested-sex-abuse-operation-yewtree-461272 |title=Operation Yewtree: Freddie Starr Vows to Clear Name after Second Sex Abuse Arrest |work=International Business Times |date=25 April 2013 |access-date=13 September 2015}} On 11 December, the Metropolitan Police stated that the investigation of the abuse undertaken by Savile had been completed and the report into his alleged offending, Giving Victims a Voice, was released in January 2013.{{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20686219 | publisher = BBC News | title = Savile abuse part of Operation Yewtree probe 'complete' | date = 11 December 2012 | access-date = 11 December 2012 }}

The investigation into "others" continued after the Savile investigation concluded. In May 2013, The New York Times reported that "at least 69 police officers and staff members" were involved in the operation and that many of the suspects were celebrities.{{cite news |first=Sarah |last=Lyall |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/02/world/europe/sex-inquiry-operation-yewtree-nabs-british-stars-of-yesteryear.html?_r=0 |title=British Stars of Yesteryear Are Ensnared in Sexual Offenses Inquiry |work=The New York Times |date=1 May 2013 |access-date=11 April 2016}} The operation passed files to South Yorkshire Police in the investigation of Cliff Richard,{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/11052093/BBC-accused-of-cover-up-over-Cliff-Richard-raid.html |title=BBC accused of cover up over Cliff Richard raid |last1=Mendick |first1=Robert |last2=Prynne |first2=Miranda |last3=Evans |first3=Martin |date=22 August 2014 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=19 November 2014}} and passed files to North Yorkshire Police in the investigation of Jimmy Tarbuck.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-22429904 |title=Jimmy Tarbuck arrested in child abuse inquiry |date=7 May 2013 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=24 March 2014}} Neither case resulted in charges.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-26723469 |title=Jimmy Tarbuck will not face abuse charges |date=24 March 2014 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=24 March 2014}}{{cite news |title=No sex charges to be brought against Cliff Richard |url=http://www.itv.com/news/update/2016-06-16/south-yorkshire-police-apologise-wholeheartedly-to-sir-cliff/ |publisher=ITV News |date=16 June 2016|access-date=17 June 2016}} In June 2016, after child abuse allegations regarding Clement Freud were made public, it was reported that Operation Yewtree had been passed information about Freud in 2012 when two alleged victims made accusations to the NSPCC.{{cite news|last=Laville|first=Sandra|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/jun/15/third-woman-alleges-exually-assaulted-sir-clement-freud|title=Third woman alleges she was sexually assaulted by Sir Clement Freud|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=15 June 2016|access-date=15 June 2016}}

In late 2015, Operation Yewtree was folded into Operation Winter Key, the Met's component of Operation Hydrant.{{cite web |title=Freedom of information request reference no: 01.FOI.19.012498 |url=https://www.met.police.uk/cy-GB/SysSiteAssets/foi-media/metropolitan-police/disclosure_2020/february_2020/costs-of-5-operations |publisher=Metropolitan Police |access-date=9 August 2021 |date=February 2020}}; {{cite web |last1=Roper |first1=Catherine |title=Witness Statement |url=https://www.iicsa.org.uk/key-documents/9660/view/MPS003548.pdf#page=5 |publisher=Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse |date=6 February 2019 |page=§ 10(c) |no-pp=y}} A December 2015 freedom of information disclosure revealed that Scotland Yard had spent £2.2m a year on Operation Yewtree.{{cite news |first=Josh |last=Halliday |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/dec/27/scotland-yard-cost-historical-child-abuse-inquiries-2015 |title=Scotland Yard spent nearly £5m on three child abuse inquiries in 2015 |work=The Guardian |date=27 December 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015}}

The joint report prepared by the Metropolitan Police Service and the NSPCC, Giving Victims a Voice, was published in January 2013, and marked the end of investigations under Operation Yewtree into Savile alone. It reported that sex offences were committed by Savile on 450 people (328 being children at the time), across England and Scotland, with allegations also made in Jersey. The vast majority of offences occurred in his home town of Leeds and in London, his main place of work.

Allegations associating Savile with abuse at Jersey children's home Haut de la Garenne were made in 2008, during Savile's lifetime. He commenced legal action against The Sun newspaper in response; Savile's lawyer said "The reported events are the antithesis of everything Sir James has worked tirelessly to prevent". No action was taken against Savile at this time.{{cite web |title=Jimmy Savile turns to Fox Hayes for action against The Sun |url=http://www.thelawyer.com/jimmy-savile-turns-to-fox-hayes-for-action-against-the-sun/131780.article |work=The Lawyer |date=17 March 2008}}

The victims were "mainly not known to each other". His youngest victim was aged {{nowrap|8 years}}, the oldest 47. Most were aged 13{{ndash}}16, with 73% being under 18 and the majority being minors. The attacks included 18 girls and 10 boys under the age of 10, and were mostly against young girls aged under 16.

The offences were mostly opportunistic, although child grooming was involved in some cases. The first and final known offences were in 1955 and 2009 respectively. The period containing most frequent offending was between 1966 and 1976 (when he was aged 40{{ndash}}50), coinciding with his "peak [celebrity] status". The most frequent offending was during 1975 and 1976 with each year having 15 offences recorded in it.

Most allegations had not previously been reported to authorities, with victims stating reasons of fear of disbelief or distrust of the judicial system. At least seven allegations of sexual assault made to police during Savile's lifetime were not linked. The CPS said prosecutions "might have been possible" in connection with allegations made to Surrey Police between 2007 and 2009.

Savile's celebrity status meant that he was considered to have been "hiding in plain sight". Operation Yewtree's senior investigating officer, DSI David Gray, said Savile used Jim'll Fix It "as a vehicle to gain access to victims".

Approximately 600 people had provided information at the time of the publication of the Savile report, Giving Victims a Voice, of which 450 related to Savile. A total of 214 criminal offences were formally recorded across 28 police forces. The NSPCC described Savile as "one of the most prolific sex offenders in its 129-year history". The BBC restated a "sincere apology to the victims".

File:Stuart Hall 2010.jpg was jailed in 2013]]

During Operation Yewtree, several other high-profile British public figures were investigated for sexual offences. These included television and radio presenter Stuart Hall, who was convicted of 15 counts of indecent assault,{{cite news |title=Stuart Hall found guilty of indecent assault but cleared of rape |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/may/16/stuart-hall-guilty-indecent-assault-cleared-rape |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=1 July 2014}} ITV Granada weatherman Fred Talbot, who was jailed after being found guilty of sexually assaulting two schoolboys,{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-31874576|title=Fred Talbot: Ex-weatherman jailed for schoolboy abuse|work=BBC News|date=13 March 2015 }} and DJ and friend of Savile, Ray Teret, who was found guilty of seven rapes and eleven indecent assaults and was sentenced to 25 years imprisonment.{{cite news |title=Lawyer: Savile victims will take comfort from Teret verdict |url=http://www.itv.com/news/update/2014-12-05/lawyer-savile-victims-will-take-comfort-from-teret-verdict/ |work=ITV News |date=5 December 2014 |access-date=12 December 2014}} Coronation Street actors William Roache and Michael Le Vell were both separately found not guilty of all charges made against them,{{cite news |title=William Roache: Coronation Street star found not guilty of all sexual abuse charges |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/william-roache-coronation-street-star-found-not-guilty-of-all-sexual-abuse-charges-9111654.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/william-roache-coronation-street-star-found-not-guilty-of-all-sexual-abuse-charges-9111654.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |first=Jonathan |last=Brown |work=The Independent |location=London |date=6 February 2014 | access-date=1 July 2014}}{{cite news |title=The Michael Le Vell verdict is in, but all the lessons are still to learn |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/the-michael-le-vell-verdict-is-in-but-all-the-lessons-are-still-to-learn-8809461.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/the-michael-le-vell-verdict-is-in-but-all-the-lessons-are-still-to-learn-8809461.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |first=Jane |last=Merrick |work=The Independent |date=11 September 2013 |access-date=1 July 2014}} and DJ Neil Fox was acquitted of several charges.

Although these allegations, investigations and prosecutions were not directly connected to Operation Yewtree,{{cite news|title=Stuart Hall charged with rape and 14 counts of indecent assault|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/lifestyle/2014/07/rolf-harris-guilty-what-has-operation-yewtree-really-taught-us-about-sexual-abuse|work=Daily Mirror|access-date=1 July 2014}} they were linked in public imagination. In particular, Roache's defence argued that Operation Yewtree had created an atmosphere in which allegations of sexual abuse against celebrities were more likely to be taken to prosecution, while several other commentators speculated that the decision in particular to prosecute Roache and Le Vell may have been influenced by the high profile of Yewtree.{{cite news |title=Operation Yewtree fails its first test in the courtroom |url=http://www.itv.com/news/2014-02-13/operation-yewtree-fails-its-first-test-in-the-court-room/ |first=Lucy |last=Manning |work=ITV.com |access-date=1 July 2014}}{{cite web|title=The trial of Michael Le Vell: Salem comes to Britain|url=http://www.spiked-online.com/newsite/article/the_trial_of_michael_le_vell_salem_comes_to_britain/14021|publisher=Spiked|access-date=1 July 2014}}

{{main|Operation Hydrant}}

In response to a large increase of complainants coming forward in the summer of 2014 in the wake of the Savile scandal, Operation Hydrant, a new operation into historical child sex abuse allegations was launched by the National Police Chiefs' Council (NPCC). As of 20 May 2015, 1433 suspects – including 261 of "public prominence" (135 from TV, film or radio) and 666 from institutions (including 154 from schools, 75 from children's homes, 40 from religious institutions and 14 medical establishments) – have been identified. Operation Hydrant is not responsible for conducting independent investigations; it gathers information from other inquiries, including Operation Yewtree.{{cite news |title=1,400 child abuse suspects identified |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-32812449 |work=BBC News |location=London |date=20 May 2015| access-date=6 June 2015}}

Operation Ravine is an investigation by Surrey Police into alleged sexual abuse connected to the Walton Hop disco. A previous investigation into the Walton Hop disco, Operation Arundel, resulted in the convictions of Chris Denning and music mogul Jonathan King for child sex offences in the early 2000s. Matthew Kelly was also arrested in 2003, but subsequently cleared of all charges. In January 2014, Merseyside Police carried out an independent review of Operation Arundel and related materials were shared with Operation Yewtree.{{cite news |title=Walton Hop disco probed again as Chris Denning jailed |url=http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/walton-hop-disco-probed-again-8304000 |publisher= Get Surrey. Website of the Surrey Advertiser/Guardian/Herald group of papers|author=David Stubbings |date=17 December 2015| access-date=12 September 2015}} On 10 September 2015, three men were arrested as part of Operation Ravine, including Jonathan King.{{cite news |first=Tom |last=Brooks-Pollock |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/jonathan-king-arrested-on-suspicion-of-historical-child-sex-offences-10494310.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/jonathan-king-arrested-on-suspicion-of-historical-child-sex-offences-10494310.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Jonathan King: Former music mogul 'arrested on suspicion of historical child sex offences' |work=The Independent |location=London |date=10 September 2015 |access-date=12 September 2015}} Denning was charged with six offences stemming from the investigation on 7 June 2016, and he pleaded guilty to 21 offences on 22 August 2016.{{cite news |url=https://news.sky.com/story/dj-chris-denning-admits-21-child-sex-offences-10547548 |title=Ex-Radio 1 DJ Chris Denning pleads guilty to 21 historical child sex offences in teenage disco probe |publisher=ITV News |date=22 August 2016|access-date=22 August 2016}} Denning, who was already sentenced to 13 years stemming from his Yewtree convictions, was sentenced to an additional 13 years for these offences on 7 October.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/07/paedophile-ex-radio-1-dj-chris-denning-introduced-victims-to-gar|title=Paedophile ex-Radio 1 DJ Chris Denning 'introduced victims to Gary Glitter and offered boy to BBC colleague'|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=7 October 2016|access-date=13 October 2016}} King stood trial in June 2018 but the jury was discharged for legal reasons.{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-44634770|title=Music mogul Jonathan King sex trial jurors discharged |publisher=BBC News|date=27 June 2018|access-date=10 July 2018}} On 6 August 2018, King received an apology for the collapse of the trial, with Judge Deborah Taylor saying that Surrey Police had made "numerous, repeated and compounded" errors during the investigation, describing the situation as a "debacle".{{cite news |first=Victoria|last=Ward|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/08/06/surrey-police-apologise-judgment-reveals-disclosure-failings/|title=Surrey Police apologise after judgment reveals disclosure failings in Jonathan King sex abuse case |work=The Daily Telegraph |location= London |date=6 August 2018|access-date=7 August 2018}}

{{main|Operation Midland}}

In response to increasing public outcry and government pressure in the wake of the Savile scandal, Metropolitan Police launched Operation Midland in November 2014, to investigate allegations of child abuse against several high-profile British citizens in positions of authority. The operation was conducted over eighteen months against a group of 12 men, but unlike other child abuse cases being investigated, detectives conducting the investigations made several critical errors in regards to the allegations made, the treatment of those accused, and the evidence supplied to them, and failed to find sufficient evidence to support the accusations against the group.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/mar/21/operation-midland-met-police-paedophile-ring |last1=Rajeev |last2=Laville |first1=Syal |first2=Sandra |title= Operation Midland: how the Met lost its way |work=The Guardian |date=21 March 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016}} The operation ended in March 2016 as a complete failure, causing considerable damage to those accused, damaged the likelihood of genuine victims of abuse coming forward, and cost the Metropolitan Police several millions of pounds in operational costs, compensation, and subsequent investigations against the individual who made the allegations. A 2016 inquiry into the conduct of the police taskforce damned the operation for its failings and left considerable questions over the investigative conduct into the accountability of officers for misconduct. The individual who made the false allegations, Carl Beech (himself a child sex offender), was later charged in 2018, and jailed for eighteen years in 2019.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-49048972|title=Carl Beech: Liar, fraudster and paedophile|publisher=BBC News|date=23 July 2019|access-date=23 July 2019}}{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/07/22/nick-trial-carl-beech-found-guilty-making-westminster-vip-paedophile/|title=Carl Beech aka Nick found guilty of making up Westminster VIP paedophile ring |last=Evans|first=Martin|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|date=22 July 2019|access-date=22 July 2019}}

Yewtree was credited for an increase in the reporting of sexual offences. Dubbed the "Yewtree effect", reports of sexual offences recorded by police rose 17% by 2013. In 2019, Louis Theroux compared Operation Yewtree to sexual abuse allegations made against Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein, which led to the Weinstein effect and created a global trend in which powerful men were accused of sexual misconduct.{{cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-au/entertainment/entertainmenttv/louis-theroux-interview-michael-jackson-had-unhealthy-interests-in-children-but-i-didnt-have-enough-victim-testimony-to-put-forward-a-forensic-case/ar-BBUigtX |first=Jack |last=Shepard |title=Louis Theroux interview: 'Michael Jackson had unhealthy interests in children, but I didn't have enough victim testimony to put forward a forensic case' |publisher= MSN |date=2 March 2019 |access-date=15 March 2019}}

In response to some having labelled Operation Yewtree a "witch-hunt",{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jun/30/rolf-harris-conviction-vindication-operation-yewtree |first=Joan |last=Smith |title=The Rolf Harris conviction is a vindication of Operation Yewtree |work=The Guardian |date=30 June 2014 |access-date=7 August 2014}}{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/10937111/Witch-hunt-Operation-Yewtree-vindicated-by-Rolf-Harris-case.html |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |title='Witch-hunt' Operation Yewtree vindicated by Rolf Harris case|date=30 June 2014|access-date=7 August 2014}}{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/421765/Yewtree-no-witch-hunt-Met-chief |title=Yewtree no witch hunt: Met chief |work=The Daily Express |location=London |date=13 August 2013 |access-date=7 August 2014}} Joan Smith of The Guardian stated that the conviction of Max Clifford vindicated the operation, and Martin Evans of The Daily Telegraph said that despite several high-profile failures, Rolf Harris' conviction vindicated it. Metropolitan Police Commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe denied claims of a witch-hunt, commenting that the alternative would be to ignore allegations. Paul Gambaccini, who was arrested and bailed repeatedly for a year before being told he would face no further action, testified before the House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee on 3 March 2015. He told MPs he was the victim of a witch-hunt and that he was used as human "fly paper" to encourage other people to come forward and make allegations against him. Director of Public Prosecutions Alison Saunders denied the allegations.{{cite news | title= Paul Gambaccini backs 28-day bail limit after Operation Yewtree arrest |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-31720761| author=|date= 3 March 2015 | publisher = BBC News | access-date= 10 April 2016}} In a November 2015 debate organized by the NSPCC on whether investigations into historic sexual abuse had turned into "media witch-hunts", former Metropolitan Police commander Peter Spindler said that police "got some things wrong" and that they "didn't have sufficient resources in place".{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34801011 |title= Police 'got things wrong' with Operation Yewtree |publisher=BBC News |date=12 November 2015 |access-date=10 April 2016}}

In an article for The Spectator, Rod Liddle criticised the handling of these cases by police, especially in the case of Freddie Starr, who was arrested four times and bailed nine times before being told he would not be charged, claiming: "the way the police have conducted the process is hugely unfair".{{cite web |last=Liddle |first=Rod |title=The Nigel Evans case proves that juries are smarter than our liberal elite |url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/columnists/rod-liddle/9185661/the-nigel-evans-case-proves-that-juries-are-smarter-than-our-liberal-elite/ |work=The Spectator |date=19 April 2014}} In the aftermath of Cliff Richard's August 2014 property search, human rights barrister Geoffrey Robertson wrote in The Independent that the long delays before announcing charges amounted to "outrageous treatment", adding: "This has been one of the most intolerable features of other high-profile arrests for 'historic' offences, namely the inability of police and prosecutors to deliver Magna Carta’s truly historic promise that justice will not be delayed."{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/the-way-the-police-have-treated-cliff-richard-is-completely-unacceptable-9672367.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/the-way-the-police-have-treated-cliff-richard-is-completely-unacceptable-9672367.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=The way the police have treated Cliff Richard is completely unacceptable |date=16 August 2014 |work=The Independent |first=Geoffrey |last=Robertson |access-date=16 August 2014}} After others, including Jim Davidson and Gambaccini, were left on bail for many months before being told they would not face charges, then-Home Secretary Theresa May proposed that bail time be limited to 28 days.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-29624498 |title=Police bail time limit for suspects considered |publisher=BBC News|date=15 October 2014|access-date=30 October 2014}}{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1394048/bail-limit-planned-after-celebrities-delays |title= Bail Limit Planned After Celebrities' Delays |publisher=Sky News |date=18 December 2014 |access-date=18 December 2014}} The 28-day limit came into effect in April 2017.{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/28-day-police-bail-limit-suspects-charged-new-police-rule-comes-into-force-today-a7663196.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/28-day-police-bail-limit-suspects-charged-new-police-rule-comes-into-force-today-a7663196.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Police bail for suspects capped at 28 days |last=Peck |first=Tom |work=The Independent|date=2 April 2017|access-date=8 April 2017}}

Noting that some of the high-profile arrests did not lead to convictions, Variety described Operation Yewtree as a "botched" investigation.{{cite web |last1=Yossman |first1=K. J. |title=Botched Celebrity Sex Crime Investigation Which Saw Cliff Richard Falsely Accused to be Examined in New Documentary |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/the-accused-national-treasures-on-trial-operation-yewtree-documentary-1235337749/ |website=Variety |access-date=16 August 2022 |date=10 August 2022}} At a Labour Party conference in July 2014, comedian and friend of Gambaccini Stephen Fry criticised the operation, pointing out that fewer than half of those accused at the time had been found guilty, and called for tougher laws to prevent false sex abuse allegations.{{cite news |last=Withnall |first=Adam |title=Fry 'criticises Operation Yewtree in dinner party rant' calling for tougher laws to deter false sex abuse allegations |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/fry-criticises-operation-yewtree-in-dinner-party-rant-calling-for-tougher-laws-to-deter-false-sex-abuse-allegations-9602686.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/fry-criticises-operation-yewtree-in-dinner-party-rant-calling-for-tougher-laws-to-deter-false-sex-abuse-allegations-9602686.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=The Independent |location=London |date=13 July 2014}} MP Nigel Evans, who was cleared of unrelated sexual assault charges, called for individuals to receive anonymity until charged after the CPS announced that it would not charge Gambaccini.{{cite news |url=http://www.itv.com/news/2014-10-10/gambaccini-case-reinforces-the-need-to-protect-identities-before-charge/ |title=Nigel Evans: Paul Gambaccini ordeal reinforces need to protect identities before charge |publisher=ITV News |date=10 October 2014 |access-date=30 October 2014}} Although the case against Dave Lee Travis resulted in a conviction on one count of indecent assault for groping an adult woman's breast for 15 seconds in 1995, Rosie Millard and Carole Malone wrote separate opinion pieces in The Independent and The Daily Mirror respectively in which they questioned whether police resources should have been spent pursuing other crimes.{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/dave-lee-travis-witch-hunt-4334126 |title= Dave Lee Travis witch hunt is a sideshow which insults real victims of sexual abuse |work=Daily Mirror |date=27 September 2014 |location=London |access-date=2 October 2014}}{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/theres-no-excuse-for-dave-lee-traviss-behaviour-but-we-need-to-keep-a-sense-of-proportion-9758891.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/theres-no-excuse-for-dave-lee-traviss-behaviour-but-we-need-to-keep-a-sense-of-proportion-9758891.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=There's no excuse for Dave Lee Travis's behaviour, but we need to keep a sense of proportion |work=The Independent |location=London |date=27 September 2014 |first=Rosie |last=Millard |access-date=27 September 2014}}

In February 2016, Irish Supreme Court Judge Adrian Hardiman criticised the methods used by Operation Yewtree, particularly the treatment of Paul Gambaccini, as well as the investigations of Cliff Richard and the Operation Midland cases of Leon Brittan and Edwin Bramall, for what he described as the radical undermining of the presumption of innocence.{{cite news| url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/hardiman-questions-methods-of-uk-sex-claim-inquiries-1.2533054 | work=Irish Times| title=Hardiman questions methods of UK sex-claim inquiries | date=13 February 2016 | access-date=7 March 2016}} Richard Henriques conducted an inquiry into the Metropolitan Police's sexual abuse investigations and was critical of the handling of Operation Midland but reserved praise for Operation Yewtree.{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/bernard-hogan-howe-met-police-vip-paedophile-ring-failures-commissioner-a7404821.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/bernard-hogan-howe-met-police-vip-paedophile-ring-failures-commissioner-a7404821.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |last=Walker |first= Peter | work=The Independent| title=Met Police admits Scotland Yard made catalogue of errors over false VIP sex abuse investigation | date=8 November 2016 | access-date=21 November 2016}} Gambaccini, Bramall and Harvey Proctor, who had been investigated by Operation Midland, sued the Metropolitan Police for £3m in February 2017.{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.com/edition/news/victims-of-abuse-inquiry-blunders-sue-met-for-3m-fx59stc2h |last1=O'Neill |last2=Hamilton |first1= Sean |first2= Fiona | work=The Times| title=Victims of abuse inquiry blunders sue Met for £3m | date= 14 February 2017 | access-date= 15 February 2017}} In November 2018, Gambaccini reached an out-of-court settlement with the Crown Prosecution Service and received an undisclosed amount in damages.{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-46080092 | publisher=BBC News| title=Paul Gambaccini secures CPS payout over unfounded abuse claims | date= 3 November 2018 | access-date= 3 November 2018}}

Operation Yewtree was the inspiration for a drama, National Treasure, starring Robbie Coltrane, Julie Walters and Andrea Riseborough. Coltrane played Paul Finchley, a fictional light-entertainment performer accused of rape, Walters played Finchley's wife Marie, and Riseborough played their daughter Danielle ("Dee"). The four-part series, by The Forge, was broadcast September–October 2016 on Channel 4.{{cite news | last = Ross | first = Peter | title = 'This is for the people who were abused': Robbie Coltrane on his Yewtree-inspired drama | url = https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2016/sep/06/for-the-people-abused-robbie-coltrane-yewtree-inspired-national-treasure-channel-4 |work= The Guardian |date=6 September 2016 |access-date= 13 October 2016}} A Channel 4 documentary titled The Accused: National Treasures on Trial examined the investigation in 2022.

• Bill Cosby sexual assault cases
• Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse cases
• Me Too movement
• Post-assault treatment of sexual assault victims
• Sexual abuse in Hollywood
• Weinstein effect

{{Reflist|30em|refs=

{{cite news | url=http://news.stv.tv/scotland/209348-jimmy-savile-scottish-sex-abuse-cases-highlighted-in-report/ | title=Jimmy Savile: Scottish sex abuse cases highlighted in report | work=STV website | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=11 January 2013 | author=Farrell, Mike | archive-date=13 January 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113101445/http://news.stv.tv/scotland/209348-jimmy-savile-scottish-sex-abuse-cases-highlighted-in-report/ | url-status=dead }}

{{cite news | url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/savile-abused-500-children-report-20130111-2cjyt.html | title=Savile abused 500 children: report | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=11 January 2013 | author= Laville, Sandra | author2= Halliday, Josh }}

{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20984284 | title=Savile report: Key points on TV presenter's offending | publisher=BBC News | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=11 January 2013}}

{{cite web | url=http://content.met.police.uk/News/Giving-Victims-a-Voice/1400014181251/1257246745756 | title=Giving Victims a Voice | work=MPS website | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=11 January 2013 | archive-date=3 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603172538/http://content.met.police.uk/News/Giving-Victims-a-Voice/1400014181251/1257246745756 | url-status=dead }}

{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20983527 | title=Jimmy Savile report Key Points | publisher=BBC News | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=11 January 2013 | author1=Joyce, Julian | author2=Cacciottolo, Mario}}

{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20981611 | title=Jimmy Savile scandal: Report reveals decades of abuse | publisher=BBC News | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=11 January 2013}}

{{cite news | url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-01-11/jimmy-savile-scandal--report-reveals-extent-of-abuse-against-children-as-young-as-eight | title=Jimmy Savile scandal – report reveals extent of abuse against children as young as eight | work=Radio Times website | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=11 January 2013}}

{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/jimmy-savile/9795252/Jimmy-Savile-spent-every-waking-minute-thinking-about-abusing-boys-and-girls.html | title=Jimmy Savile spent 'every waking minute' thinking about abusing boys and girls | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=18 January 2013 | author1=Rayner, Gordon | author2=Swinford, Steven}}

{{cite news | url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/jimmy-savile-abused-boy-aged-eight-and-dying-child-decades-of-abuse-revealed-8447495.html | title=Jimmy Savile abused boy aged eight and dying child: decades of abuse revealed | work=London Evening Standard | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=18 January 2013 | author1=Randhawa, Kiran | author2=Davenport, Justin}}

{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/jan/11/jimmy-savile-abused-children-hospitals | title=Jimmy Savile abused children at 14 hospitals across six decades – report | work=The Guardian | date=11 January 2013 | author1=Laville, Sandra |author2=Halliday, Josh | access-date=18 January 2013}}

{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/jan/11/jimmy-savile-report-key-points | title=Jimmy Savile report: key findings | work=The Guardian | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=18 January 2013 | author=Walker, Peter}}

{{cite news | url=http://www.shropshirestar.com/news/2013/01/11/jimmy-savile-raped-30-children/ | title=Jimmy Savile raped 34 and abused 450 | work=Shropshire Star | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=18 January 2013}}

{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/jimmy-savile/9795128/Jimmy-Savile-police-missed-three-chances-to-take-case-to-trial-DPP-admits.html | title=Jimmy Savile police missed three chances to take case to trial, DPP admits | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=11 January 2013 | access-date=18 January 2013 | author=Swinford, Steven}}

}}

• [https://library.nspcc.org.uk/HeritageScripts/Hapi.dll/filetransfer/2013GivingVictimsAVoiceSexualAllegationsMadeAgainstJimmySavile.pdf?filename=CC18C70DB7C8C3D49403BB94EB176F95207E5F66235DCA89651F5ED2BA5DA9311A3547010EB1745F9098C8189E66B54F16BBCA4419250DDAE584462476E362622BD259A20D1597309210AC995C99F449C7702D4CF7627CBCEC72291068BFEAFDDC8C9625B71658F22EAD1E815FED12FF6D0DEB5CDBB40AEA4EF5D058E57168353BEB2DA3730B57DF729865CC3271FEE73BB1D434AB645BB5&DataSetName=LIVEDATA Giving Victims a Voice (NSPCC Library Online)], joint report by the Metropolitan Police and NSPCC, published 11 January 2013
• [https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/jan/11/jimmy-savile-abuse-cases-detailed-data "Jimmy Savile abuse cases: the detailed data"], statistics and figures of the report from The Guardian, January 2013

{{Child sexual abuse in the UK}}

Y

Y

Category:2012 in the United Kingdom

Category:2012 crimes in the United Kingdom

Category:Jimmy Savile

Category:Gary Glitter

Category:Rolf Harris

Category:Child abuse incidents and cases

Category:Child sexual abuse in the United Kingdom