Operational Group of Russian Forces

File:FieldTraining2017-05.jpg

{{Main|14th Guards Army}}

The Soviet Army's 14th Guards Army ({{Langx|ru|14-я гвардейская армия}}) was formed in November 1956 in Chișinău as one of the only formation of the Odessa Military District to be stationed in the Moldovan SSR. The army headquarters was moved to Tiraspol, the capital of Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in the early 1980s.Holm, [http://www.ww2.dk/new/army/armies/14gvoa.htm "14th Guards Red Banner Combined Arms Army"]{{Cite web |url=http://politicom.moldova.org/stiri/eng/20998/ |title="Russian troops in Transnistria – a threat to the security of the Republic of Moldova" |access-date=2019-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015212818/http://politicom.moldova.org/stiri/eng/20998/ |archive-date=2007-10-15 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web|url=https://m.zn.ua/POLITICS/komanduyuschiy_14-y_rossiyskoy_armiey_v_pridnestrovie_aleksandr_lebed_pod_moimi_vorotami_mozhno_vizz.html|title = Командующий 14-Й Российской Армией В Приднестровье Александр Лебедь: "Под Моими Воротами Можно Визжать Сколько Годно. Это Ничего Не Изменит..."}} At the start of the Transnistrian War, soldiers of the 14th Guards Army who were sympathetic to the PMR cause "defected" with total military structure and commanding system, and remained under Moscow command, and, with some assistance of the Transnistrian Republican Guard, created the strongest local military force, despite the Russian government's official declaration of neutrality.{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2001/10/08/travel/transnistria-relic-of-a-bygone-era-2/|title=Transnistria: relic of a bygone era|first=Richard|last=Humphries|date=October 8, 2001|website=The Japan Times}} On 23 June 1992, Major General Alexander Lebed of the 14th Guards Army, who had orders to evacuate the local logistics center, began an over two week battle which ended in an artillery strike on 3 July 1992 on a Moldovan unit in a forest near Bender (Tighina). It is generally accepted that this strike led to the strategic victory of the Transnistrian/Russian military and the tactical setbacks of the military of Moldova, creating a Moscow-controlled occupational zone, and a Moldovan government had lost control over a part of Moldova.{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/ogrv-moldova.htm|title=Operational Group of Russian Forces in Moldova|website=www.globalsecurity.org}}

After the war, the 14th Army was split between the Ukrainian Armed Forces and the Russian Army, with most of the Russian contingent being absorbed into Western Military District. The conclusion of the conflict in a cease-fire resulted in the beginning of trilateral negotiations between the governments and militaries of Russia, Transnistria and Moldova, which eventually led to the discussion of a joint peacekeeping force.{{Cite web|url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF129/CF-129-chapter4.html|title="U.S. and Russian Policymaking With Respect to the Use of Force", chapter 4, Trans-Dniestria}} In June 1995, the Operational Group of Russian Forces in Transnistria was founded by order of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces.{{Cite web|author=Michael Holm|title=14th Guards Combined Arms Army|url=http://www.ww2.dk/new/army/armies/14gvoa.htm|website=www.ww2.dk|access-date=2019-06-07}} In 2005, the force consisted of the 8th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade, the 1162nd Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment, 15th Signals Regiment, as well as other support units.{{Cite web|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/548978|title=Что такое современная армия России|date=February 21, 2005|website=www.kommersant.ru}}

The OGRF ostensibly remains in Transnistria to guard the ammunition depot at Cobasna.{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/world/990587|title=Prime Minister of Moldova calls for withdrawal of Russian troops from Transnistria|website=TASS}} It also provides additional support to the Armed Forces of Transnistria. Today, around 350–400 troops with the operational force report directly to the JCC and can be assigned to it at any given time.{{Cite web |url=http://www.olvia.idknet.com/ol49-05-06.htm |title=Время Местное – 183 |access-date=2019-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031457/http://www.olvia.idknet.com/ol49-05-06.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }} The task force provides the largest contingent of soldiers in the region. On 27 June 2016, the Transnistrian government passed new law which penalized any actions or public statements that criticize the OGRF. The punishment for committing this crime is 3–7 years in jail.{{Cite news|url=http://beta.deschide.md/ro/news/social/28991/La-Tiraspol-faci-pu%C8%99c%C4%83rie-dac%C4%83-negi-%E2%80%9Erolul-pozitiv%E2%80%9D-al-armatei-ruse.htm|title=La Tiraspol, faci pușcărie, dacă negi "rolul pozitiv" al armatei ruse|last=Liubec|first=Igor|date=29 June 2016|work=Deschide Știrea|access-date=6 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102225854/http://beta.deschide.md/ro/news/social/28991/La-Tiraspol-faci-pu%C8%99c%C4%83rie-dac%C4%83-negi-%E2%80%9Erolul-pozitiv%E2%80%9D-al-armatei-ruse.htm|archive-date=2 January 2018|language=ro|trans-title=Those who deny the "positive role" of the Russian Army in Tiraspol face prison}} In recent years, the OGRF has taken part in Victory Day Parades on Suvorov Square, to condemnation from Chisinau.{{Cite web|url=https://uawire.org/moldova-condemns-participation-of-russian-troops-in-victory-day-parade-in-transnistria|title=UAWire - Moldova condemns participation of Russian troops in Victory Day parade in Transnistria|website=uawire.org}}

Since its introduction, the OGRF has been met with criticism from both Moldovan and Western officials and observers, all of whom claim that the Russian military presence is either illegal or unnecessary. In November 2008, the NATO Parliamentary Assembly adopted a resolution, urging Russia to withdraw the force in accordance with its commitments at the 1999 Istanbul summit of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nato-pa.int/Default.asp?SHORTCUT=1652|title=NATO-resolution. 11. b.|access-date=2008-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320113935/http://www.nato-pa.int/Default.asp?SHORTCUT=1652|archive-date=2012-03-20}}

In June 2018, United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution (document A/72/L.58), which essentially called on the Russian Federation to withdraw the OGRF from Moldovan territory immediately. While the Moldovan government led by Pavel Filip supported it, President Igor Dodon condemned the resolution, saying that the Russian presence led to the "creation of conditions for a political process of negotiations".{{Cite web|url=https://www.uawire.org/president-of-moldova-is-against-a-withdrawal-of-russian-peacekeepers-from-transnistria|title = UAWire – President of Moldova speaks against withdrawal of Russian troops from Transnistria}}{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/world/1031864/amp|title=Moldovan President condemns calls for withdrawal of Russian peacekeepers from Transnistria|website=tass.com}}

In 2020, Moldovan president-elect Maia Sandu declared that OGRF should withdraw from the breakaway Transnistria, saying to the RBK that although they guard ammunition depots, "there are no bilateral agreements on the OGRF and on the weapons depots.” She also stated that its her position that the "mission should be transformed into an OSCE civilian observer mission.”{{Cite web|date=2020-11-30|title=Pull Russian Troops Out of Moldova, New President Says|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/11/30/pull-russian-troops-out-of-moldova-new-president-says-a72184|access-date=2020-12-04|website=The Moscow Times|language=en}}

In 2022, as the Russian invasion of Ukraine was taking place, the Chief Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine reported that residents in Transnistria were refusing to sign contracts with the Operational Group of Russian Forces despite being promised "high cash payments, social packages, and likely housing". The report also said that there were being several cases of desertion in the military unit and that there were not enough necessary resources to search for and recover soldiers.{{cite news|url=https://www.newsweek.com/russian-force-sees-mass-desertion-amid-putins-recruitment-push-report-1741284|title=Russian force sees 'mass desertion' amid Putin's recruitment push: report|first=Zoe|last=Strozewski|newspaper=Newsweek|date=8 September 2022}} In 2022, Moldova continued blocking the rotation of soldiers with Russia and stopping new weapons being brought in, saying the soldiers are there illegally. Previously Russians had entered Transnistria via Ukraine, this issue affects the 70-100 Russian officers.

File:FieldTraining2017-01.jpg.]]

• Group headquarters
• 82nd Separate Guards Motorized Rifle Battalion
• Battalion HQ
• 4 Motorized Rifle Companies
• Headquarters platoon
• Grenadier Platoon
• Technical Support Platoon
• Material Support Platoon
• Medical Platoon
• 113th Separate Guards Motorized Rifle Battalion
• Battalion HQ
• 4 Motorized Rifle Companies
• Headquarters platoon
• Grenadier Platoon
• Technical Support Platoon
• Material Support Platoon
• Medical Platoon
• 540th Separate Command Battalion
• Battalion HQ
• Guard Company
• Company headquarters
• 4 guard platoons
• Counterintelligence Department of the FSB
• Communication Center
• Field Mail Station
• Engineering Platoon
• Storage Department
• Maintenance Company (equipped with MTO-AT-M1)[https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12449083@egNews In the Operational Group of Russian Troops in Pridnestrovie, a lesson was held with specialists from the repair company. Russian MOD]
• Material Support Company
• Fuel depot
• Military band
• Firing range

File:Joseph Kobzon and Valeriya.jpg and Colonel Dmitry Zelenkov in November 2016.]]

The following generals commanded the unit:

• Lieutenant General Valery Evnevich (November 1995–16 January 2002)
• Major General Boris Sergeev (16 January 2002 – 11 September 2009)
• Colonel Vyacheslav Sitchikhin (11 September 2009 – 2010)
• Colonel Sergey Nyrkov (2010–2011)
• Colonel Valery Plohotnyuk (1 December 2011 – 15 March 2013)
• Colonel Sergey Goryachev (15 March 2013 – 25 December 2014)
• Colonel Dmitry Zelenkov (25 December 2014–present)

• List of Russian military bases abroad
• Russian military presence in Transnistria
• 59th Guards Motor Rifle Division

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Operational Group of Russian Forces in Moldova}}

{{Transnistria conflict}}

Category:Army units and formations of Russia

Category:Military installations of Russia in other countries

Category:Military units and formations established in 1995

Category:Military of Transnistria

Category:Moldova–Russia relations