Order of the Liberator General San Martín

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}

{{Short description|Decoration of Argentina}}

{{Infobox order

|name= Order of the Liberator General San Martin
{{small|Orden del Libertador General San Martín}}

|image=

|caption=

|awarded_by=
{{ARG}}

|type= Order

|eligibility=

|for=

|grades = Collar
Grand Cross
Grand Officer
Commander
Officer
Member

|status= Currently awarded

|description=

|clasps=

|established= 17 August 1943

|head=

|first_award=

|last_award=

|total=

|posthumous=

|recipients=

|individual=

|higher=

|same=

|lower= Order of May

|related=

|image2= 106px

|caption2= Ribbon bar of the order

}}

The Order of the Liberator General San Martín ({{langx|es|Orden del Libertador General San Martín}}) is the highest decoration in Argentina. It is awarded to foreign politicians or military, deemed worthy of the highest recognition from Argentina. It is granted by the sitting President of Argentina.{{cite news |url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/2052125-en-que-consiste-la-orden-del-libertador-san-martin-que-le-retiraron-a-maduro|title= En qué consiste la Orden del Libertador San Martín que le retiraron a Maduro|trans-title=What is the Order of the Liberator General San Martín that was revoked from Maduro|language= es|date= 11 August 2017|newspaper= La Nación|access-date=11 August 2017}}

History

{{unreferenced section|date=November 2021}}

It owes its name to General José de San Martín, called Father of the Nation and Liberator. The original design was made by the Argentine engineer and sculptor Ángel Eusebio Ibarra García. It was created by Decree No. 5,000 of 17 August 1943; amended by Law No. 13. 202 of 21 May 1948; which in turn was repealed by Decree Law No. 16.628 of 17 December 1957, which re-creates the Order. The modifications introduced were only in the form. The regulations still in force were approved by Decree No. 16,643 of 18 December 1967.

Grades

{{unreferenced section|date=November 2021}}

The Grades are:

  • 80px Collar ({{langx|es|Collar}})
  • 80px Grand Cross ({{langx|es|Gran Cruz}})
  • 80px Grand Officer ({{langx|es|Gran Oficial}})
  • 80px Commander ({{langx|es|Comendador}})
  • 80px Officer ({{langx|es|Oficial}})
  • 80px Knight ({{langx|es|Caballero}})

Notable recipients

{{Main|List of recipients of the Order of the Liberator General San Martín}}

class="wikitable"

|+

!Date

!Recipient

!Grade

8 June 1947

|{{ESP}} – Caudillo Francisco Franco (1936–1975)

|Collar

16 August 1947

|{{BRA}} – President Eurico Gaspar Dutra (1946–1951)

|Collar

20 December 1948

|{{CHI}} – Former president Arturo Alessandri (1920–1925; 1932-1938)

|Grand Cross

1950

|{{PER}} – President Manuel Arturo Odría (1948–1950; 1950-1956)

|Collar

12 May 1950

|{{flag|United States}} – General Dwight Eisenhower (1953–1961)

|Grand Cross

4 April 1951

|{{NED}} – Prince Bernhard (1948–1980)

|Grand Cross

18 July 1952

|{{ARG}} – First Lady Eva Duarte de Perón (1946–1952)

|Extraordinary

19 February 1953

|{{CHI}} – President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (1927–1931; 1952–1958)

|Collar

15 August 1954

|{{flag|Paraguay}} – President Alfredo Stroessner (1954–1989)

|Collar

2 February 1959

|{{ITA}} – Prime Minister Antonio Segni (1955–1957; 1959–1960)

|Grand Cross

1960

|{{BEL}} – King Baudouin (1951–1993)

|Collar

8 May 1960

|{{FRA}} – President Charles De Gaulle (1959–1969)

|Collar

June 1960

|{{GER}} – Chancellor Konrad Adenauer (1949–1963)

|Grand Cross

1 July 1960

|{{NED}} – Queen Juliana (1948–1980)

|Collar

4 July 1960

|{{UK}} – Queen Elizabeth II (1952–2022)

|Collar

October 1960

|{{flag|Taiwan}} – President Chiang Kai-shek (1950–1975)

|Collar

9 April 1961

|{{ITA}} – President Giovanni Gronchi (1955–1962)

|Collar

8 July 1961

|{{flag|Bolivia}} – President Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1952–1956; 1960–1964; 1985–1989)

|Collar

rowspan="3" |8 December 1961

|{{THA}} – King Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946–2016)[https://www.thebigchilli.com/uploads/1/2/2/0/12204015/11-argentine-president-arturo-frondizi-and-his-wife-meet-their-majesties-during-official-visit-to-thailand-suring-8-11-december-1961_orig.jpg Photo]

|Collar

{{THA}} – Queen Sirikit (1950–2016)

|Grand Cross

{{THA}} – Prime Minister Sarit Thanarat (1959–1963){{Cite web |url=https://dl.parliament.go.th/backoffice/viewer2300/web/previewer.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 February 2022 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626115100/https://dl.parliament.go.th/backoffice/viewer2300/web/previewer.php |url-status=dead }}

|Grand Cross

22 March 1962

|{{UK}} – Prince Philip (1952–2021)

|Grand Cross

rowspan="2" |10 May 1965

|{{flagcountry|Pahlavi dynasty}} – Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979)

|Collar

{{flagcountry|Pahlavi dynasty}} – Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi (1961–1979)

|Grand Cross

15 September 1965

|{{ITA}} – President Giuseppe Saragat (1964–1971)

|Collar

29 October 1965

|{{CHI}} – President Eduardo Frei Montalva (1964–1970)

|Collar

1966

|{{CAM}} – King Norodom Sihanouk (1941–1970, 1993-2004)

|Collar

25 March 1966

|{{DEN}} – Princess Margrethe (1940–1972; Queen: 1972–incumbent)

|Grand Cross

18 September 1967

|{{NOR}} – King Olav V (1957–1991)

|Collar

1970

|{{flagicon|Ethiopian Empire}} Ethiopia – Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974)

|Collar

18 April 1971

|{{CRC}} – President José Figueres Ferrer (1948–1949; 1953–1958; 1970–1974)

|Collar

13 October 1971

|{{PER}} – President Juan Velasco Alvaro (1968–1975)

|Collar

rowspan="3" |1972

|{{KOR}} – President Park Chung-hee (1962-1979)

|Collar

{{IDN}} – President Suharto (1968-1998)

|Collar

{{IDN}} – First Lady Siti Hartinah (1968-1998)

|Grand Cross

16 June 1973

|{{ESP}} – President Luis Carrero Blanco (1973)

|Grand Cross

rowspan="2" |5 March 1974

|{{ROU}} – President Nicolae Ceausescu (1967–1989)

|Collar

{{ROU}} – First Lady Elena Ceausescu (1974–1989)

|Grand Cross

1976

|{{CHI}} – President Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990){{Cite book|title=Decreto n.° 2904/76|publisher=Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina|date=6 December 1976|url=https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/7071512/19761206?busqueda=1|access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028170228/https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/7071512/19761206%3Fbusqueda%3D1|url-status=live}}

|Grand Cross

4 March 1978

|{{PER}} – President Francisco Morales Bermúdez (1975–1980)

|Collar

rowspan="2" |1 December 1978

|{{ESP}} – King Juan Carlos I (1975–2014)

|Collar

{{ESP}} – Queen Sofía (1975–2014)

|Grand Cross

8 October 1979

|{{JAP}} – Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)

|Collar

7 June 1985

|{{PER}} – President Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1963–1968; 1980–1985)

|Collar

17 July 1986

|{{PHI}} – President Corazon Aquino (1986–1992)

|Collar

19 July 1986

|{{SAU}} – King Fahd (1982–2005)

|Collar

28 July 1986

|{{BRA}} – President José Sarney (1985–1990)

|Collar

5 July 1990

|{{BRA}} – President Fernando Collor de Mello (1990–1992)

|Collar

27 August 1990

|{{CHI}} – President Patricio Aylwin (1990–1994){{Cite web|title=Recibimiento del Presidente Carlos Menem en Palacio de la Moneda : vídeo - Archivo Presidencial Patricio Aylwin Azócar 1990-1994|url=https://archivospublicos.uahurtado.cl/index.php/recibimiento-del-presidente-carlos-menem-en-palacio-de-la-moneda-video-2|access-date=2020-10-14|website=archivospublicos.uahurtado.cl}}

|Collar

1991

|{{MAS}} – Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad (1981–2003, 2018-2020){{cite web|access-date=31 March 2019|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/49103322/MAHATHIR?doc_id=49103322&download=true&order=462360976|work=Ray Azrul|date=18 February 2011|title=MAHATHIR|publisher=Scribd}}{{BSN|date=November 2021}}

|Grand Cross

rowspan="2" |1992

|{{MOR}} – King Hassan II (1961–1999)

|Collar

{{JOR}} – King Hussein (1952–1999)

|Collar

11 May 1992

|{{EGY}} – President Hosni Moubarak (1981–2011)

|Collar

rowspan="2" |27 March 1994

|{{ESP}} – Infanta Elena (1963–1995)

|Grand Cross

{{ESP}} – Infanta Cristina (1965–1997)

|Grand Cross

6 May 1994

|{{BEL}} – Prince Philippe (1993–2013)

|Grand Cross

1 December 1994

|{{CRO}} – President Franjo Tuđman (1990–1999)

|Collar

21 February 1995

|{{POL}} – President Lech Wałęsa (1990–1995)

|Collar

24 February 1995

|{{RSA}} – President Nelson Mandela (1994–1999)

|Collar

31 May 1995

|{{AUT}} – President Thomas Klestil (1992–2004){{cite web |title=Decreto 772 / 1995 |url=https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/decreto-772-1995-20772 |website=argentina.gob.ar |publisher=Government of Argentina |language=Spanish}}

|Collar

14 March 1996

|{{LIT}} – President Algirdas Brazauskas (1992–1998)

|Collar

8 April 1996

|{{BRA}} – President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2002)

|Collar

16 July 1996

|{{LAO}} – President Nouhak Phoumsavanh (1992–1998)

|Collar

27 September 1996

|{{CZE}} – President Vaclav Havel (1993–2003)

|Collar

12 November 1996

|{{MEX}} – President Ernesto Zedillo (1994–2000)

|Collar

3 March 1997

|{{FIN}} – President Martti Ahtisaari (1994–2000)

|Collar

7 April 1997

|{{HUN}} – President Árpád Göncz (1990–2000)

|Collar

9 April 1997

|{{THA}} – Prime Minister Chavalit Yongchaiyudh (1996–1997)[https://web.archive.org/web/20211111095705/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2540/B/007/3.PDF ประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานพระบรมราชานุญาตให้ประดับเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ต่างประเทศ เล่ม 114 ตอนที่ 7 ข ราชกิจจานุเบกษา 9 เมษายน 2540]

|Grand Cross

21 April 1997

|{{ESP}} – President José María Aznar (1996–2004)

|Grand Cross

28 April 1997

|{{HAI}} – President René Préval (1996–2001; 2006-2011)

|Collar

rowspan="3" |26 May 1998

|{{SWE}} – King Carl XVI Gustav (1973–incumbent)

|Collar

{{SWE}} – Queen Silvia (1976–incumbent)

|Grand Cross

{{SWE}} – Princess Lilian (1976–2013)

|Grand Cross

16 July 1998

|File:Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations – Secretary-General Kofi Annan (1997–2006){{Cite web|title=El presidente argentino Carlos Menem (R) conversa con el Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas Kofi Annan momentos después de otorgarle el más alto honor de Argentina, la Orden del Libertador General San Martín, en reconocimiento al trabajo de Annan en temas mundiales de derechos humanos el 16 de julio, en el palacio de gobierno de la Casa Rosada. Annan está en Argentina como parte de una gira sudamericana. RR/ELD/AA Fotografía de stock|url=https://www.alamy.es/el-presidente-argentino-carlos-menem-r-conversa-con-el-secretario-general-de-las-naciones-unidas-kofi-annan-momentos-despues-de-otorgarle-el-mas-alto-honor-de-argentina-la-orden-del-libertador-general-san-martin-en-reconocimiento-al-trabajo-de-annan-en-temas-mundiales-de-derechos-humanos-el-16-de-julio-en-el-palacio-de-gobierno-de-la-casa-rosada-annan-esta-en-argentina-como-parte-de-una-gira-sudamericana-rr-eld-aa-image381940556.html|access-date=2020-11-17|website=Alamy|language=es}}{{BSN|date=November 2021}}

|Grand Cross

10 August 1998

|{{flag|Nicaragua}} – President Arnoldo Alemán (1997–2002)

|Collar

29 September 1998

|{{JAP}} – Prince Akishino (1990–Incumbent)

|Grand Cross

rowspan="2" |2 December 1998

|{{JAP}} – Emperor Akihito (1989–2019)

|Collar

{{JAP}} – Empress Michiko (1989–2019)

|Grand Cross

20 September 1999

|{{PHI}} – President Joseph Estrada (1998–2001){{Cite web|title=El presidente argentino Carlos Menem (R) decora al presidente filipino Joseph Estrada con la Orden del Libertador General San Martín, durante una ceremonia en la Casa Rosada Presidencial el 20 de septiembre. Estrada, que está en visita oficial a Argentina, firmará acuerdos bilaterales con su contraparte Argentina para mejorar la relación entre ambos países. EM/ZDC Fotografía de stock|url=https://www.alamy.es/el-presidente-argentino-carlos-menem-r-decora-al-presidente-filipino-joseph-estrada-con-la-orden-del-libertador-general-san-martin-durante-una-ceremonia-en-la-casa-rosada-presidencial-el-20-de-septiembre-estrada-que-esta-en-visita-oficial-a-argentina-firmara-acuerdos-bilaterales-con-su-contraparte-argentina-para-mejorar-la-relacion-entre-ambos-paises-em-zdc-image381931381.html|access-date=2020-11-17|website=Alamy|language=es}}{{BSN|date=November 2021}}

|Collar

15 May 2000

|{{flag|Paraguay}} – President Luis González Macchi (1999–2003){{Cite web|last=Limited|first=Alamy|title=El presidente paraguayo, Luis González Macchi (R), lleva la medalla Argentina San Martín mientras que su homólogo argentino Fernando de la Rua lleva la medalla paraguaya Mariscal Francisco López, durante una ceremonia en el palacio presidencial, mayo de 15. Los líderes se condecoraron entre sí durante una visita estatal de la Rua. RR/TB Fotografía de stock|url=https://www.alamy.es/el-presidente-paraguayo-luis-gonzalez-macchi-r-lleva-la-medalla-argentina-san-martin-mientras-que-su-homologo-argentino-fernando-de-la-rua-lleva-la-medalla-paraguaya-mariscal-francisco-lopez-durante-una-ceremonia-en-el-palacio-presidencial-mayo-de-15-los-lideres-se-condecoraron-entre-si-durante-una-visita-estatal-de-la-rua-rr-tb-image376176233.html|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Alamy|language=es}}{{BSN|date=November 2021}}

|Collar

18 May 2000

|{{CHI}} – President Ricardo Lagos (2000–2006)

|Collar

25 September 2000

|{{SAU}} – Prince Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz al Saud (1982–2005)

|Grand Cross

12 October 2000

|{{COL}} – President Andrés Pastrana Arango (1998–2002)

|Collar

14 March 2001

|{{ITA}} – President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–2006)

|Collar

21 August 2001

|{{DOM}} – President Hipólito Mejía (2000–2004)

|Collar

15 November 2001

|{{POR}} – President Jorge Sampaio (1996–2006)

|Collar

7 April 2003

|{{flagicon|SMOM}} Sovereign Order of Malta – Prince and Grand Master Fra' Andrew Bertie (1988–2008)

|Grand Cross

29 April 2003

|{{URU}} – President Jorge Batlle (2000–2005)

|Collar

7 December 2004

|{{MOR}} – King Mohammed VI (1999–incumbent)

|Collar

21 April 2008

|{{flag|Ecuador}} – President Rafael Correa (2007–2017)

|Collar

24 November 2008

|{{MEX}} – President Felipe Calderón (2006–2012)

|Collar

9 February 2009

|{{ESP}} – Princess Letizia (2004–2014)

|Grand Cross

rowspan="2" |16 January 2011

|{{KUW}} – Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (2006–2020)

|Collar

{{KUW}} – Prince Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (2006–2020)

|Grand Cross

28 November 2012

|{{PER}} – President Ollanta Humala (2011–2016)

|Collar

8 May 2013

|{{flag|Venezuela}} – President Nicolás Maduro (2013–Incumbent) / Revoked by President Mauricio Macri.{{Cite web|title=El Gobierno le retira a Maduro la Orden del Libertador San Martín|url=https://www.gacetamercantil.com/notas/125770/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=www.gacetamercantil.com}}

|Collar

2016

|{{flag|Japan}} – Prime Minister Shinzo Abe (2006–2007, 2012–2020){{cite news |title=Palabras del presidente Mauricio Macri y del primer ministro de Japón, Shinzo Abe, en el almuerzo ofrecido en honor del mandatario japonés |url=https://www.casarosada.gob.ar/informacion/discursos/37914-palabras-del-presidente-mauricio-macri-y-del-primer-ministro-de-japon-shinzo-abe-en-el-almuerzo-ofrecido-en-honor-del-mandatario-japones |access-date=1 May 2022 |agency=Casa Rosada {{!}} Government of Argentina |date=2016 |language=es |archive-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220160212/https://www.casarosada.gob.ar/informacion/discursos/37914-palabras-del-presidente-mauricio-macri-y-del-primer-ministro-de-japon-shinzo-abe-en-el-almuerzo-ofrecido-en-honor-del-mandatario-japones |url-status=live }}

|Grand Cross

25 February 2016

|{{FRA}} – President François Hollande (2012–2017)

|Collar

29 July 2016

|{{MEX}} – President Enrique Peña Nieto (2012–2018)

|Collar

8 August 2016

|File:Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations – Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (2007–2016)

|Grand Cross

9 August 2016

|{{flag|Australia}} – Governor-General Peter Cosgrove (2014–2019)

|Collar

22 February 2017

|{{ESP}} – King Felipe VI (2014–Incumbent)

|Collar

27 March 2017

|{{NED}} – King Willem-Alexander (2013–incumbent)

|Collar

13 November 2017

|{{flag|United States}} – Former president Jimmy Carter (1977–1981)

|Grand Cross

8 May 2017

|{{ITA}} – President Sergio Mattarella (2015–Incumbent)

|Collar

6 March 2018

|{{NOR}} – King Harald V (1991–incumbent)

|Collar

2 December 2018

|{{flag|China}} – President Xi Jinping (2013–Incumbent){{Cite web|last=de 2019|first=2 de Mayo|title=El Gobierno condecoró a Xi Jinping con la Orden del Libertador San Martín|url=https://www.infobae.com/politica/2019/05/02/el-gobierno-condecoro-a-xi-jinping-con-la-orden-del-libertador-san-martin/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=infobae|language=es-ES}}

|Collar

25 January 2021

|{{flag|Uruguay}} – Former president José Mujica (2010–2015){{Cite web|title=Uruguay's Jose Pepe Mujica bestowed with the highest honor of Argentina|url=https://en.mercopress.com/2021/01/26/uruguay-s-jose-pepe-mujica-bestowed-with-the-highest-honor-of-argentina|access-date=2021-01-26|website=MercoPress|language=en}}

|Collar

References

{{Reflist}}