Orne#Economy
{{short description|Department of France}}
{{for|French rivers called Orne|Orne (disambiguation)}}
{{Expand French|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Orne
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = fr
| type = Department
| image_skyline = Hôtel de Guise Préfecture de l'Orne à Alençon DSCF2223.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Prefecture building of the Orne department, in Alençon
| image_flag = Flag of Orne.svg
| flag_alt =
| image_shield = Blason département fr Orne.svg
| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map = Orne-Position.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Orne in France
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|48|42|N|0|0|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:2000000_source:frwiki|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = France
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = Normandy
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = Prefecture
| seat = Alençon
| parts_type = Subprefectures
| parts_style = para
| p1 = Argentan
Mortagne-au-Perche
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = President of the Departmental Council
| leader_name = Christophe de Balorre{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_magnitude =
| area_footnotes = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2 = 6103
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| population_total = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank = 78th
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| blank_name_sec1 = Department number
| blank_info_sec1 = 61
| blank_name_sec2 = Arrondissements
| blank_info_sec2 = 3
| blank1_name_sec2 = Cantons
| blank1_info_sec2 = 21
| blank2_name_sec2 = Communes
| blank2_info_sec2 = 385
| timezone1 = CET
| utc_offset1 = +1
| timezone1_DST = CEST
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code =
| website =
| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2
}}
Orne ({{IPA|fr|ɔʁn|-|Fr-Paris--Orne.ogg}}; {{langx|nrf|Ôrne}} or {{lang|nrf|Orne}}) is a département in the northwest of France, named after the river Orne. It had a population of 279,942 in 2019.[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep61.pdf Populations légales 2019: 61 Orne], INSEE
History
Orne is one of the original 83 départements created during the French Revolution, on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Normandy and Perche. It is the birthplace of Charlotte Corday, Girondist and the assassin of Jean-Paul Marat.
Geography
Orne is in the region of Normandy neighbouring Eure, Eure-et-Loir, Sarthe, Manche, Mayenne, and Calvados. It is the only department of Normandy not to border the English Channel.
Economy
The largest town by a considerable margin is the prefecture, Alençon, which is an administrative and commercial centre for what is still an overwhelmingly rural department. There are no large industrial centres, and agriculture remains the economic focus.
Demographics
{{historical populations|align=none|cols=2|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/61his.html|title=Historique de l'Orne|website=Le SPLAF}}{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-61|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}|graph-pos=bottom
|13=1801|14=395,738|15=1806|16=424,669|17=1821|18=422,884|19=1831|20=441,881|21=1841|22=442,072|23=1851|24=439,884|25=1861|26=423,350|27=1872|28=398,250|29=1881|30=376,126|31=1891|32=354,387|33=1901|34=326,952|35=1911|36=307,433|37=1921|38=274,814|39=1931|40=273,717|41=1936|42=269,331|43=1946|44=273,181|45=1954|46=274,862|47=1962|48=280,549|49=1968|50=288,524|51=1975|52=293,523|53=1982|54=295,472|55=1990|56=293,204|57=1999|58=292,337|59=2006|60=292,874|61=2011|62=290,891|63=2016|64=285,308}}
The inhabitants of the department are called Ornais.
The recorded population level peaked at 443,688 in 1836. Declining farm incomes and the lure of better prospects in the overseas empire led to a sustained reduction in population levels in many rural departments. By the time of the 1936 census, the recorded population stood at just 269,331. Once motor car ownership started to surge in the 1960s, employment opportunities became less restricted and by 1982, the population level had recovered a little to 295,000, after which it slowly decreased.
=Principal towns=
The most populous commune is Alençon, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 5,000 inhabitants:
| class=wikitable
! Commune ! Population (2019) |
| Alençon
| style="text-align: center;" | 25,870 |
| Flers
| style="text-align: center;" | 14,762 |
| Argentan
| style="text-align: center;" | 13,395 |
| L'Aigle
| style="text-align: center;" | 7,961 |
| La Ferté Macé
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,186 |
Politics
The president of the Departmental Council is Christophe de Balorre, elected in 2017.
= Presidential elections 2nd round =
| class="wikitable" | ||||||
| colspan="2"|Election | Winning Candidate | Party | % | 2nd Place Candidate | Party | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| 2022{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/resultats-elections/normandie/orne/|title=Résultats élections: Orne|website=Le Monde}} | LREM | 55.12 | RN | 44.88 | ||||||
| style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| 2017 | LREM | 61.64 | FN | 38.36 | ||||||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| 2012 | UMP | 52.89 | PS | 47.11 | ||||||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| 2007 | UMP | 57.66 | PS | 42.34 | ||||||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| 2002{{Cite web|url=https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles/elecresult__presidentielle_2002/(path)/presidentielle_2002/025/061/2561.html|title=Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2002: Orne|publisher=Ministère de l'Intérieur}} | RPR | 81.30 | FN | 18.70 |
=Current National Assembly Representatives=
| class="wikitable" | ||
| colspan="2"|Constituency | Member{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}} | Party |
|---|---|---|
| style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" | | ||
| style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" | | ||
| style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" | |
Culture
Alençon is the chief town of the Orne department.
Camembert, the village where Camembert cheese is made, is located in Orne.
The local dialect is known as Augeron.
Tourism
File:Chateau Carrouges.jpg|Château de Carrouges
File:Château de Domfront.jpg|Château de Domfront
File:Abbaye Saint-Evroult-Notre-Dame-du-Bois 2.jpg|Abbey of Saint-Evroult-Notre-Dame-du-Bois
File:Tour de Bonvouloir 001.jpg|Juvigny-sous-Andaine
File:Camembert.JPG|Camembert
File:Haras du Pin main.jpg|Haras national du Pin
File:Eglisebellême18052018.jpg|Saint-Sauveur de Bellême Church
File:Suisse Normande Orne.jpg|Suisse Normande
File:SéesCathédrale.jpg|Sées Cathedral
See also
References
External links
- {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.orne.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
- {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.orne.fr/ Departmental Council website]
- {{in lang|en}} [http://www.ornetourisme.com/ Orne Tourism]
- {{in lang|en}} [http://www.normandythenandnow.com/awol-in-the-orne-in-1918/ AWOL in the Orne, in 1918] Life in the Orne, WW1 with images
{{Departments of France}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:1790 establishments in France