Oseledets#Khokhol

The earliest description of a possible oseledet comes from a description of Sviatoslav, prince of the Kievan Rus'. Sviatoslav's appearance has been described very clearly by Leo the Deacon, who himself attended the meeting of Sviatoslav with John I Tzimiskes. Following Deacon's memories, Sviatoslav had a bald head and a wispy beard and wore a bushy mustache and a sidelock as a sign of his nobility.For the alternative translations of the same passage of the Greek original that say that Sviatoslav may have not shaven but wispy beard and not one but two sidelocks on each side of his head, see e.g. Ian Heath "The Vikings (Elite 3)", Osprey Publishing 1985; {{ISBN|978-0-85045-565-6}}, p.60 or David Nicolle "Armies of Medieval Russia 750–1250 (Men-at-Arms 333)" Osprey Publishing 1999; {{ISBN|978-1-85532-848-8}}, p.44

A closely related haircut, czupryna, was worn by the Wends of early medieval Poland, and later by the Szlachta from the 12th until the 18th century.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

During the 16th and 17th century, the Cossacks of Ukraine shaved their heads, leaving a long central strip which was often braided or tied in a topknot.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

The oseledets underwent a revival among romantics and nationalists during the early 20th century. Romantic painters associated Leo the Deacon's description of Sviatoslav's appearance and equestrian lifestyle with the cossacks and depicted him as such.

After independence, the oseledets made a comeback among modern Ukrainians. It was seen during the Euromaidan protests of 2014.{{cite web |last1=Kozlowska |first1=Hanna |title='Cossack' at the Heart of Kiev Protests Refuses to Give In |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/01/27/cossack-at-the-heart-of-kiev-protests-refuses-to-give-in/ |website=Foreign Policy |date=27 January 2014}}

The Ukrainian name for this type of haircut is oseledets ({{langx|uk|оселедець}}, literally "herring") or chub ({{langx|uk|чуб}}, meaning "crest"). There are several Ukrainian surnames derived from this word.

The oseledets/khokhol is a standard feature in the stereotypical image of a Ukrainian Cossack.{{cn|date=August 2023}} This haircut is depicted in various motion pictures such as The Lost Letter that is based on works of Nikolai Gogol.

Historically, Ukrainians used the term khokhol amongst themselves as a form of ethnic self-identification to visibly separate themselves from Russians.{{cite book |last=Plokhy |first=Serhii |url=https://archive.org/details/ukrainerussiarep0000plok |title=Ukraine and Russia: Representations of the Past |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8020-9327-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ukrainerussiarep0000plok/page/139 139]–141 |quote=Ethnic identity became the basis for differentiating between 'one's own' from 'foreigners.' Alekseev's use of the terms 'Russians' and 'Ukrainians' - terms of modern national identity - was rooted in concepts characteristic of the revolutionary and postrevolutionary era. His own records, as well as those of other contemporary authors, attest that the names most often used by peasants of the prerevolutionary era with reference to ethnic Ukrainians and Russians were khokhly (referring to Cossack topknots, i.a. ethnic slur) and katsapy (a derogatory term). These terms, which hardly excluded negative connotations, were used to denote the two ethnic groups faute de mieux: as Rubel's own 'History' attests, Ukrainians used khokhol, inter alia, as a self-definition. |author-link=Serhii Plokhii |access-date=1 February 2017 |url-access=registration}}

A Russian name for the oseledets hairstyle, khokhol ({{lang|ru|хохол}}, {{IPA|ru|xɐˈxol|pron:}}) is commonly used as an ethnic slur for a Ukrainian male (feminine form: {{langx|ru| хохлу́шка|khokhlushka}}),{{cite book |last= Laitin |first=David D. |date=1998 |title= Identity in Formation: The Russian-speaking Populations in the Near Abroad |url= https://archive.org/details/identityinformat00lait |url-access=registration |publisher=Cornell University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/identityinformat00lait/page/175 175] |isbn=9780801484957 }}{{Cite web |title=Євген Наконечний. Украдене ім'я. - [22] Хахол. |url=http://exlibris.org.ua/nakonechny/r22.html |access-date=2022-03-30 |website= exlibris.org.ua}}{{Cite web |title= Стр. 796 |url= http://vasmer.narod.ru/p796.htm |access-date=2022-03-30 |website= vasmer.narod.ru}} as it was a common haircut of Ukrainian Cossacks. The term is usually derogatory or condescending.{{Cite web |title=Інститут мовознавства ім. О.О.Потебні {{!}} Словник української мови |url=http://www.inmo.org.ua/sum.html?wrd=%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=www.inmo.org.ua}}{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Ewa M.|author-link=Ewa Thompson|title=The Search for Self-Definition in Russian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LexBAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA22|access-date=10 October 2016|year=1991|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=978-90-272-7759-6|page=22}} The word comes from Proto-Slavic xoxolъ < *koxolъ, {{lit|crest, tuft}}.{{Cite book|url=http://litopys.org.ua/djvu/etymolog_slovnyk.htm|title=Etymolohichnyĭ slovnyk ukraïnsʼkoï movy|last=Mel’nychuk|first=O. S.|publisher=Naukova Dumka|year=1982–2012|isbn=978-966-00-0197-8|volume=6|location=Kiev|pages=205–6|trans-title=Etymological dictionary of the Ukrainian language}} Accordingly, Khokhliandiya (Russian: {{Lang|ru|Хохляндия, Хохландия}}) and Khokhlostan (Russian: {{Lang|ru|Хохлостан}}) are derogatory references to Ukraine.{{Cite book |last=Bierich |first=Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZeumLo63hMC&dq=%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&pg=PA198 |title=Varietaeten Im Slavischen- Су стандартные варианты славянских языков: Ausgewaehlte Beitraege - Избранные статьи |date=2009 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-3-631-57010-4 |language=ru}}

File:Ilja Jefimowitsch Repin - Zaporozhian Cossacks (image detail) 2.jpg|A fragment from Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks (1880-91); painted by Ilya Repin

File:Берінчик Денис Юрійович 3 (Кременчук, 4.10.2012).jpg|Boxer Denys Berinchyk, 2012

Hairstyles:

• List of hairstyles (with illustrations)
• Chupryna
• Chonmage
• Sikha

Slurs:

• Anti-Ukrainian sentiment
• Moskal
• Ukrop
• Vatnik (slang)

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.inmo.org.ua/sum.html?wrd=%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB Хохол] // Словник української мови : в 11 т. — К. : Наукова думка, 1970–1980.
• (рос.)[https://web.archive.org/web/20020705025808/http://www.smi.ru/02/06/28/548258.html Андрей Моченов, Сергей Никулин. «Хохлы», «пиндосы», «чухонцы» и прочие «бусурмане» в Рунете и российской прессе. 28 июня 2006. MCK]
• (рос.)[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310214200/http://newsleno.com.ua/id/329584/ Заява національно-культурної автономії українців Новосибірську]
• [http://exlibris.org.ua/nakonechny/r22.html Хахол] // Украдене ім'я: Чому русини стали українцями / Є. П. Наконечний; Передмова Я. Дашкевича. — 3-є, доп. і випр. вид. — Львів, 2001. — 400 с. — {{ISBN|966-02-1895-8}}
• (рос.)[http://vasmer.narod.ru/p796.htm Етимологічний словник Фасмера стор.796]
• Ставицька Леся. [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZeumLo63hMC&dq=%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&pg=PA198 Українська лексика в російському та польському жаргонно-сленговому вокабулярі] / Александр Бирих (нім. Alexander Bierich) // Субстандартные варианты славянских языков. — Київ : Peter Lang. Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2008. — № 17 (Серпень). — С. 198. — ISSN 0930-7281. — {{ISBN|978-3-631-57010-4}}
• [https://goroh.pp.ua/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F/%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB Хохо́л] // Етимологічний словник української мови : у 7 т. : т. 6 / редкол.: О. С. Мельничук (гол. ред.) та ін. — К. : Наукова думка, 2012. — Т. 6 : У — Я. — С. 205–206. — {{ISBN|978-966-00-0197-8}}
• [https://archive.org/stream/UkrMalaEn/kn_16_%D0%A3%D1%88-%D0%AF#page/n45/mode/2up Хохол] // Українська мала енциклопедія : 16 кн. : у 8 т. / проф. Є. Онацький. — Накладом Адміністратури УАПЦ в Аргентині. — Буенос-Айрес, 1967. — Т. 8, кн. XVI : Літери Уш — Я. — С. 2017. — 1000 екз.
• [https://inslav.ru/images/stories/pdf/1992_Studia_polonica.pdf Б. Н. Флоря. О значении термина «Хохол» и производных от него в русских источниках первой половины XVII в. (эпизод из истории русско-польско-украинских контактов) // STUDIA POLONICA. К 60-летию Виктора Александровича Хорева. М.: Институт славяноведения и балканистики РАН, 1992.(рос.)]

{{Ethnic slurs}}

Category:Anti-Ukrainian sentiment

Category:Cossack culture

Category:Pejorative terms for European people

Category:Hairstyles

Category:Shaving

Category:Pejorative demonyms