Osoblaha

The Czech name of the village came from Latin names of two local watercourses, Osoblaha and Planá, in Latin Ossa and Plavia.{{cite web |title=Pověsti|url=https://www.mikroregion-osoblazsko.cz/odkazy/povesti/|publisher=Mikroregion Osoblažsko|language=cs|access-date=2022-04-01}}

The German name "Hotzenplotz" was derived from German Holzen Platz (literally "wooden place") and has its origin in oak forests in the area. It served the German writer Otfried Preußler for naming his famous children's book character of "The Robber Hotzenplotz".

Osoblaha is located about {{convert|36|km}} north of Bruntál and {{convert|46|km|abbr=on}} south of Opole. It lies in the Osoblažsko microregion on the border with Poland. It lies in the Opava Hilly Land. The Osoblaha River flows through the municipality and the Prudnik connects it near the Czech-Polish border.

In the territory of Osoblaha lies the former village of Studnice, which was abandoned in 1971.{{cite web |title=Studnice|url=http://www.zanikleobce.cz/index.php?obec=5907|website=zanikleobce.cz|language=cs|access-date=2020-09-26}}

The first written mention of Osoblaha is from 1233. The village gained town rights in 1251, which opened the way for its subsequent economic development.{{cite web |title=Dějiny|url=https://www.osoblaha.cz/obec/dejiny|publisher=Obec Osoblaha|language=cs|access-date=2022-04-01}}

The Jewish population in Osoblaha was first documented in the 14th century. During the 19th century, Jews made up 30% of the town's population. However, they left the town before World War II.

According to the Austrian census of 1910, the town had 2,853 inhabitants, almost all of whom declared themselves to be German-speaking. The main religious groups were Roman Catholics with 2,779 (97.4%), followed by Jews with 58 (2%).Ludwig Patryn (ed): [http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=11734 Die Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1910 in Schlesien], Troppau 1912.

From 1938 to 1945, Osoblaha was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as a part of the Reichsgau Sudetenland. Although Osoblaha was the first town in the Czech lands to be liberated, in March 1945, the bitter fighting caused the destruction of 90% of all buildings. The German population was expelled and the town became significantly depopulated. In 1960, the municipality lost its town status.{{cite web |title=Osoblaha|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/kam-pojedete/oblasti/jeseniky/osoblaha|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2022-04-01}}

{{historical populations

|align=none|cols=3

|1869|3682

|1880|4012

|1890|3622

|1900|3199

|1910|2853

|1921|2664

|1930|2383

|1950|563

|1961|770

|1970|821

|1980|828

|1991|1127

|2001|1153

|2011|1049

|2021|978

|source=Censuses{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|date=2021-03-27}}}}

File:16.05.13 Osoblaha 705.914.jpg

Osoblaha is the final stop of the narrow-gauge Třemešná ve Slezsku–Osoblaha railway.

File:Osoblaha juedischer Friedhof.jpg

The most important monument is the Jewish cemetery, which is one of the most valuable in the Czech Republic. It was probably founded at the end of the 14th century and 313 tombstones have been preserved, the oldest of them dates from 1694.

Other monuments are the Baroque cemetery Church of Saint Nicholas built in 1756–1766, and a tiny remnant of the medieval town walls.

The narrow-gauge railway serves not only for transport but also as a tourist attraction. Steam trains run on weekends during the tourist season.{{cite web |title=Úzkorozchodná železnice Třemešná – Osoblaha|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/uzkorozchodna-zeleznice-tremesna-osoblaha|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2022-04-01}}

• Berthold Englisch (1851–1897), Austrian chess master

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}}

Osoblaha is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Úvodní strana|url=https://www.osoblaha.cz/|publisher=Obec Osoblaha|language=cs|access-date=2022-04-01}}

• {{flagicon|POL}} Izbicko, Poland

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• {{official|https://www.osoblaha.cz/}}

{{Bruntál District}}

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Category:Jewish communities in the Czech Republic

Category:Villages in Bruntál District