Outline of Assam#Festivals in Assam
{{Short description|State of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
Assam – 16th largest, 15th most populous and 26th most literate state of the 28 states of the democratic Republic of India. Assam is at 14th position in life expectancy and 8th in female-to-male sex ratio. Assam is the 21st most media exposed states in India. The Economy of Assam is largely agriculture based with 69% of the population engaged in it. Growth rate of Assam's income has not kept pace with that of India's during the Post-British Era; differences increased rapidly since the 1970s.UNDP 2004 p22-23 While the Indian economy grew at 6 percent per annum over the period of 1981 to 2000, the same of Assam's grew only by 3.3 percent.UNDP 2004 p22
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General reference
=Names=
- Official name: Assam
- Common name: Assam
- {{IPA|as|ɔxɔm|Lang}}
- {{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ə|ˈ|s|æ|m}}
- {{Audio|Assam.ogg|Audio pronunciation}}
- Etymology of Assam
- Adjectival(s): Assamese
- Demonym(s): Assamese, Asamiya
- Abbreviations and name codes
- ISO 3166-2 code: IN-AS
- Vehicle registration code: AS
=Rankings (amongst India's states)=
- by population: 15th
- by area (2011 census): 17th
- by crime rate (Census 2021): 17th
- by gross domestic product (GDP) (2014): 18th
- by Human Development Index (HDI):
- by life expectancy at birth:
- by literacy rate:
Geography of Assam
- Assam is: an Indian state, one of the Seven Sister States
=Location of Assam=
- Assam is situated within the following regions:
- Northern Hemisphere
- Eastern Hemisphere
- Eurasia
- Asia
- South Asia
- India
- Northeast India
- Time zone: Indian Standard Time (UTC+05:30)
{{Geographic location
|Centre=Assam
|North={{flagicon|Bhutan}}Eastern Zone
|Northeast=Arunachal Pradesh
|East=Nagaland
|Southeast=Manipur
|South=Mizoram
|Southwest=Meghalaya
{{flagicon|Bangladesh}}Sylhet Division
Tripura
|West=West Bengal
{{flagicon|Bangladesh}}Rangpur Division
|Northwest={{flagicon|Bhutan}}Southern Zone
}}
=Environment of Assam=
- Biodiversity of Assam
- Ecological issues in Assam
- Rhino poaching in Assam
==Natural geographic features of Assam==
- Rivers of Assam
- Brahmaputra River
- Barak River
- Mora Dhansiri River
- Dhansiri River
- Dihing River
- River Diphlu
- Valleys in Assam
- Brahmaputra Valley
- Barak Valley
- River Island
- Majuli
- Umananda
- Dibru-Saikhowa
== Protected areas of Assam ==
File:Assam rhinos.jpgs gazing at swamp area near Bagori range under Kaziranga National Park in Nagaon district of Assam, India.]]
Protected areas of Assam – Assam has five national parks (2.51% of State's geographical area) and 18 wildlife sanctuaries (1.88% of State's geographical area, including proposed) wildlife sanctuaries.{{cite web |url=http://assamagribusiness.nic.in/Stastical%20Handbook/Forest.pdf |title=AREA OF THE NATIONAL PARKS AND WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES IN ASSAM, 2003 |publisher=Chief Conservator of Forest (WL), Assam. |date= |accessdate=2013-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023303/http://assamagribusiness.nic.in/Stastical%20Handbook/Forest.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://assamforest.in/forestGlance/assamForest_glance.php |title=Department of Environment & Forests (Government of Assam) |publisher=Assamforest.in |date= |accessdate=2013-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814140017/http://assamforest.in/forestGlance/assamForest_glance.php |archive-date=14 August 2012 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://ibcn.in/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/15-231_321-Assam.pdf |title=Important Bird Areas in India - Assam |date= |accessdate=2013-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420143700/http://ibcn.in/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/15-231_321-Assam.pdf |archive-date=20 April 2020 |url-status=dead }}
=== National Parks in Assam ===
=== Wildlife sanctuaries in Assam ===
- Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary
- Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary
- Bura Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary
- Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary
- Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary
- Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary
- Panidihing Bird Sanctuary
- Bherjan-Borajan-Padumoni Wildlife Sanctuary
- Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary
- North Karbi-Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary
- East Karbi-Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary
- Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary
- Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary
- Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary
- Nambor-Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary
- Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary
- Borail Wildlife Sanctuary
- Amsang Wildlife Sanctuary
== Administrative divisions of Assam ==
=== [[Divisions of Assam]] ===
=== List of districts along with the district headquarters ===
File:Districts of Assam (2014).svg
Districts of Assam – Assam had 27 districts till 15 August 2015 after which the Chief Minister of Assam Tarun Gogoi announced 5 more new districts taking the total no of districts to 35.{{Cite web|title = List of districts of Assam|url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/districtlist/assam.html|website = www.census2011.co.in|accessdate = 2015-11-21}}{{Cite web|title = CM Tarun Gogoi announces 5 new districts in Assam on Independence Day {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|url = http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cm-tarun-gogoi-announces-5-new-districts-in-assam-on-independence-day-2114724|website = dna|accessdate = 2015-11-21}}
On 8 September 2016, Assam got 33rd district as Majuli (1st river island district of India) On 23 January 2022 2 new district were added Tamulpur and Bajali district.
- Barpeta district - Barpeta
- Bongaigaon district - Bongaigaon
- Bajali district - Bajali
- Cachar district - Silchar
- Darrang district - Mangaldai
- Dhemaji district - Dhemaji
- Dhubri district - Dhubri
- Dibrugarh district - Dibrugarh
- Goalpara district - Goalpara
- Golaghat district - Golaghat
- Hailakandi district - Hailakandi
- Jorhat district - Jorhat
- Karbi Anglong district
- Karimganj district - Karimganj
- Kokrajhar district - Kokrajhar
- Lakhimpur district - North Lakhimpur
- Majuli district - Garamur
- Morigaon district - Morigaon
- Nagaon district - Nagaon
- Nalbari district - Nalbari
- Dima Hasao district - Haflong
- Sivasagar district - Sivasagar
- Sonitpur district - Tezpur
- Tinsukia district - Tinsukia
- Tamulpur district - Tamulpur
- Kamrup district - Amingaon
- Kamrup Metropolitan district - Guwahati
- Baksa district -Mushalpur
- Udalguri district -Udalguri
- Chirang district -Kajalgaon
- West Karbi Anglong district
- Bishwanath district - Bishwanath Chariali
- Hojai - Hojai
- Charaideo -Sonari
- South Salmara-Mankachar
Assam have 78 sub-divisions under 35 districts.
=== Municipalities in Assam ===
= Demographics of Assam =
== Population demographics ==
{{Historical populations
| state =
| title = Population Growth
| 1951 | 8029000
| 1961 | 10837000
| 1971 | 14625000
| 1981 | 18041000
| 1991 | 22414000
| 2001 | 26656000
| 2011 | 31169272
| estimate =
| estyear =
| estref =
| footnote = Source:Census of India{{Citation|url=http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2006-07/chapt2007/tab97.pdf|title=Census Population|work=Census of India|publisher=Ministry of Finance India|accessdate=18 December 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219073658/http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2006-07/chapt2007/tab97.pdf|archivedate=19 December 2008|url-status=dead}}
The 1981 Census could not be held
in Assam. Total population for 1981
has been worked out by interpolation.
}}
Total population of Assam was 26.66 million with 4.91 million households in 2001.{{cite web
|last = Government of Assam 2002–03
|title = Statistics of Assam
|url = http://www.assamgov.org/generalinformation/assamstatistics.html
|accessdate = 3 June 2007
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070607170354/http://assamgov.org/generalinformation/assamstatistics.html
|archivedate = 7 June 2007
|url-status = usurped
}}
{{clear}}
== Religion demographics of Assam ==
{{See also|#Religion in Assam}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|label1 = Hinduism|color1 = Orange
|value1 = 61.46
|label2 = Islam|color2 = Green
|value2 = 34.22
|label3 = Christianity|color3 = DodgerBlue
|value3 = 3.73
|label4 = Buddhism|color4 = Yellow
|value4 = 0.17
|label5 = Jainism|color5 = Brown
|value5 = 0.08
|label6 = Sikhism|color6 = DarkKhaki
|value6 = 0.06
|label7 = Other or not religious|color7 = Black
|value7 = 0.3
}}
Religion demographics of Assam – according to the 2011 census, 61.5% were Hindus, 34.22% were Muslims.{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/census-2011-religion-data-rekindles-demographic-invasion-fear-in-assam/article1-1384347.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826125655/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/census-2011-religion-data-rekindles-demographic-invasion-fear-in-assam/article1-1384347.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 August 2015|title=Census 2011 data rekindles 'demographic invasion' fear in Assam}} Christian minorities (3.7%) are found among Scheduled Tribe population. Other religions followed include Jainism (0.1%), Buddhism (0.2%), Sikhism (0.1%) and Animism (amongst Khamti, Phake, Aiton etc. communities).
{{clear}}
== Language demographics ==
{{See also|#Languages in Assam}}
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Languages of Assam in 2001{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/parta.htm |title=Distribution of the 22 Scheduled Languages |work=Census of India |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |year=2001 |accessdate=4 January 2014}}{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/A_Series/Total_population.htm |title=Census Reference Tables, A-Series - Total Population |work=Census of India |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |year=2001 |accessdate=4 January 2014}}[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/partb.htm] Census 2011 Non scheduled languages
| label1 = Assamese
| value1 = 48.8
| color1 = Green
| label2 = Bengali
| value2 = 27.5
| color2 = Purple
| label3 = Bodo
| value3 = 4.8
| color3 = Yellow
| label4 = Hindi
| value4 = 5.88
| color4 = Red
| label5 = Nepali
| value5 = 2.12
| color5 = Blue
| label6 = Mishing
| value6 = 1.9
| color6 = Brown
| label7 = Karbi
| value7 = 1.5
| color7 = Violet
| label8 = Other
| value8 = 8.5
| color8 = Grey
}}
{{clear}}
Government and politics of Assam
= Union government in Assam =
= Branches of the government of Assam =
== Executive branch of the government of Assam ==
- Head of government: Governor of Assam (nominal)
- Governors of Assam
- Raj Bhavan – official residence of the governor of Assam.
- Head of state: Chief Minister of Assam
- Chief Ministers of Assam
- Departments and agencies of Assam
- Assam Institute of Management
- Assam State Electricity Board
- Assam State Film (Finance and Development) Corporation Ltd.
- Assam State Transport Corporation
- Department of Environment and Forests, Government of Assam
- Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority
- Secondary Education Board of Assam
== Legislative branch of the government of Assam ==
== Judicial branch of the government of Assam ==
= Law in Assam =
- Human rights abuses in Assam
- Law enforcement in Assam
- Law enforcement agencies in Assam
- Assam Police
- Taxation
- Assam General Sales Tax
= Military in Assam =
Military of India – the states of India do not have their own militaries. The government of India oversees the defense of the country and its states.
History of Assam
= History of Assam, by period =
== Prehistoric Assam ==
== Ancient Assam ==
== Medieval Assam ==
== Colonial Assam ==
- British annexation of Assam
- Burmese invasions of Assam (1817 - 1826)
- Colonial Assam (1826 - 1947)
- Assam Province (1912 - 1947)
- Assam Bengal Railway
== Contemporary Assam ==
= History of Assam, by region =
== History of Assam, by district ==
- History of Barpeta district
- History of Bongaigaon district
- History of Cachar district
- History of Darrang district
- History of Dhemaji district
- History of Dhubri district
- History of Dibrugarh district
- History of Goalpara district
- History of Golaghat district
- History of Hailakandi district
- History of Jorhat district
- History of Karbi Anglong district
- History of Karimganj district
- History of Kokrajhar district
- History of Lakhimpur district
- History of Morigaon district
- History of Nagaon district
- History of Nalbari district
- History of Dima Hasao district
- History of Sivasagar district
- History of Sonitpur district
- History of Tinsukia district
- History of Kamrup district
- History of Kamrup Metropolitan district
- History of Baksa district
- History of Udalguri district
- History of Chirang district
- History of West Karbi Anglong district
- Bishwanath - History of Bishwanath Chariali
- History of Hojai
- History of Charaideo
- History of South Salmara-Mankachar district
== History of Assam, by city or town ==
= History of Assam, by subject =
Culture of Assam
= Art in Assam =
== Dance of Assam ==
== Literature of Assam ==
== Music of Assam ==
= Festivities in Assam =
== Festivals in Assam ==
== Fairs in Assam ==
= Languages in Assam =
= People of Assam =
== Notable surnames in Assam ==
- Barua (and its variations)
- Borah
- Bharali
- Borbarua
- Borgohain
- Borpatrogohain
- Borphukan
- Burhagohain
- Chakraborty
- Choudhury (and its variations)
- Das
- Deka
- Dutta
- Gayen
- Gogoi
- Gohain
- Goswami
- Hazarika
- Kalita
- Saikia
- Sarma
- Chutia
- Sutradhar
- Kurmi
= Religion in Assam =
== Hinduism in Assam ==
File:Sibsagar.jpg (highest temple in India in the middle), Vishnudol and Devidol, on its bank]]
- Hindu temples in Assam
- Basistha Temple
- Bhairabi Temple
- Dirgheshwari temple
- Da Parbatia
- Hatimura Temple
- Hayagriva Madhava Temple
- Kamakhya Temple
- Ketakeshwar Dewal
- Lankeshwar Temple
- Mahabhairav Temple
- Mahamaya Dham
- Navagraha temples
- Negheriting Shiva Doul
- Rangnath Dol
- Rudreswar Temple
- Sivadol
- Sukreswar Temple
- Ugro Tara Temple
- Umananda Temple
= Sports in Assam =
= Symbols of Assam =
- State animal: One-horned rhinoceros
- State bird: White-winged wood duck
- State dance: Bihu dance
- State festival: Bihu
- State flower: Foxtail Orchids
- State language: Assamese
- State motto: Joy Aai Asom (Hail mother Assam)
- State seal: 70px
- State song: O Mur Apunar Desh
- State tree: Hollong (Dipterocarpus macrocarpus)
Economy and infrastructure of Assam
- Energy in Assam
- Assam State Electricity Board
- Tourism in Assam
- Transport in Assam
- Assam State Transport Corporation
- State highways in Assam
- Water supply and sanitation in Assam
- Dams and reservoirs in Assam
Education in Assam
- Educational institutions in Assam
- Secondary Education Board of Assam
- Higher education in Assam
- Assam Higher Secondary Education Council
- Universities in Assam
- State universities in Assam
- Assam Agricultural University
- Assam Rajiv Gandhi University of Cooperative Management
- Assam Science and Technology University
- Assam Women's University
- Bodoland University
- Cotton University
- Dibrugarh University
- Gauhati University
- Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University
- Kumar Bhaskar Varman Sanskrit and Ancient Studies University
- National Law University and Judicial Academy
- Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences
- Central universities in Assam
- Assam University
- Tezpur University
- Private universities in Assam
- Assam Don Bosco University
- Assam Down Town University
- Kaziranga University
Health in Assam
- Assam Nurses Midwives & Health Visitor Council
- Hospitals in Assam
- Gauhati Medical College and Hospital
See also
References
{{reflist}}