PROSITE

{{Short description|Database of protein domains, families and functional sites}}

{{infobox biodatabase

|title = PROSITE

|logo = Image:Prosite.png

|description = PROSITE, a protein domain database for functional characterization and annotation.

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|center = Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics

|laboratory = Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Department

|author =

|pmid = 19858104

|released = {{Start date|1988}}

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|url = {{URL|http://prosite.expasy.org/}}

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PROSITE is a protein database.{{cite journal|title=ScanProsite: detection of PROSITE signature matches and ProRule-associated functional and structural residues in proteins | vauthors=De Castro E, ((Sigrist CJA)), Gattiker A, Bulliard V, Langendijk-Genevaux PS, Gasteiger E, Bairoch A, Hulo N | journal=Nucleic Acids Res.|year=2006|volume=34 |issue=Web Server issue |pages=W362–365 | pmid=16845026 |url= |doi=10.1093/nar/gkl124|pmc=1538847}}{{cite journal|title=The 20 years of PROSITE | vauthors=Hulo N, Bairoch A, Bulliard V, Cerutti L, Cuche B, De Castro E, Lachaize C, Langendijk-Genevaux PS, ((Sigrist CJA)) | journal=Nucleic Acids Res.|year=2007| pmid=18003654 |url= |doi=10.1093/nar/gkm977|volume=36|pages=D245–9|issue=Database issue|pmc=2238851}} It consists of entries describing the protein families, domains and functional sites as well as amino acid patterns and profiles in them. These are manually curated by a team of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and tightly integrated into Swiss-Prot protein annotation. PROSITE was created in 1988 by Amos Bairoch, who directed the group for more than 20 years. Since July 2018, the director of PROSITE and Swiss-Prot is Alan Bridge.

PROSITE's uses include identifying possible functions of newly discovered proteins and analysis of known proteins for previously undetermined activity. Properties from well-studied genes can be propagated to biologically related organisms, and for different or poorly known genes biochemical functions can be predicted from similarities. PROSITE offers tools for protein sequence analysis and motif detection (see sequence motif, PROSITE patterns). It is part of the ExPASy proteomics analysis servers.

The database ProRule builds on the domain descriptions of PROSITE.{{cite journal|title=ProRule: a new database containing functional and structural information on PROSITE profiles | vauthors=Sigrist CJ, De Castro E, Langendijk-Genevaux PS, Le Saux V, Bairoch A, Hulo N | journal=Bioinformatics |year=2005 |volume=21 |pages=4060–4066 |pmid=16091411 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/bti614 |issue=21|url=https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:36662/ATTACHMENT01 }} It provides additional information about functionally or structurally critical amino acids. The rules contain information about biologically meaningful residues, like active sites, substrate- or co-factor-binding sites, posttranslational modification sites or disulfide bonds, to help function determination. These can automatically generate annotation based on PROSITE motifs.