Padang Terap (federal constituency)
{{Short description|Federal constituency of Kedah, Malaysia}}
{{Infobox Malaysia electoral district
|name =Padang Terap (P007)
|state =Kedah
|image =Map of Padang Terap District, Kedah.svg
|image_map =
|caption =
|coordinates =
|coordinates_caption =
|coordinates_date =
|fed-rep =Nurul Amin Hamid
|fed-rep-link =
|fed-rep-party =Perikatan Nasional
|fed-rep-party-link =
|fed-status =active
|fed-created =1974
|fed-abolished =
|fed-election-first =1974
|fed-election-last =2022
|demo-census-date = 2020
|demo-pop = 65986
|demo-pop-ref = {{cite web|title=Kawasanku|url=https://open.dosm.gov.my/dashboard/kawasanku/Kedah/parlimen/P.007%20Padang%20Terap|publisher=Department of Statistics Malaysia|date=2023-09-24|access-date=2023-09-24|language=en}}
|demo-electors=60,087
|demo-electors-date=2023
|demo-electors-ref={{cite web|title=Electoral Roll for the 14th Malaysian General Election Updated as of 10 April 2018|url=http://www.spr.gov.my/sites/default/files/HargaDPIST42017_PRU14.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of Malaysia|date=2018-04-16|access-date=2020-01-29|page=2|language=ms|archive-date=2018-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425183951/http://www.spr.gov.my/sites/default/files/HargaDPIST42017_PRU14.pdf|url-status=dead}}
|demo-area =1357
|demo-area-ref ={{cite report|title=Laporan Kajian Semula Persempadanan Mengenai Syor-Syor Yang Dicadangkan Bagi Bahagian-Bahagian Pilihan Raya Persekutuan Dan Negeri Di Dalam Negeri-Negeri Tanah Melayu Kali Keenam Tahun 2018 Jilid 1|url=http://www.spr.gov.my/sites/default/files/Jilid%201%20Kajian%20Semula%20Persempadanan%20V2.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of Malaysia|date=2018|access-date=2020-01-29|language=ms|archive-date=2018-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412212213/http://www.spr.gov.my/sites/default/files/Jilid%201%20Kajian%20Semula%20Persempadanan%20V2.pdf|url-status=dead}}
|demo-cd =
|demo-csd =
}}
Padang Terap is a federal constituency in Padang Terap District, Kedah, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1974.
The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Demographics
https://live.chinapress.com.my/ge15/parliament/KEDAH
{{Pie chart|thumb=|caption=Ethnic breakdown of Padang Terap's electorate as of 2022|label1=Malay|value1=91.9|color1=green|label3=Chinese|value3=1.8|color3=red|label4=Indian|value4=1.5|color4=orange|label2=Other ethnicities|value2=4.9|color2=yellow}}
{{Pie chart|thumb=|caption= Age breakdown of Padang Terap's electorate as of 2022
| label1 = 18-20
| label2 = 21-29
| label3 = 30-39
| label4 = 40-49
| label5 = 50-59
| label6 = 60-69
| label7 = 70-79
| label8 = 80-89
| label9 = above 90
| value1 = 6.29
| color1 = red
| value2 = 22.21
| color2 = orange
| value3 = 23.34
| color3 = yellow
| value4 = 17.33
| color4 = green
| value5 = 14.15
| color5 = blue
| value6 = 9.88
| color6 = indigo
| value7 = 4.83
| color7 = purple
| value8 = 1.74
| color8 = brown
| value9 = 0.21
| color9 = pink
}}
{{Pie chart|thumb=|caption= Gender breakdown of Padang Terap's electorate as of 2022
| label1 = Male
| label2 = Female
| value1 = 49.72
| color1 = blue
| value2 = 50.28
| color2 = pink
}}
History
=Polling districts=
According to the federal gazette issued on 18 July 2023, the Padang Terap constituency is divided into 31 polling districts.{{cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=Federal Government Gazette, Notice Under Subregulation 11(5A) Polling Hours For the General Election of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Kedah |url=https://lom.agc.gov.my/ilims/upload/portal/akta/outputp/1837434/PUB%20266.pdf |website=Attorney General's Chambers}}
| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:85%"
!State constituency !Polling Districts !Code !Location |
| rowspan="17" |Kuala Nerang (N07）
|Padang Sanai |007/07/01 |SK Padang Sanai |
| Kuala Palas
|007/07/02 |SK Kubang Palas |
| Gula Padang Terap
|007/07/03 |SMK Padang Terap |
| Padang Nyior
|007/07/04 |Maktab Mahmud Padang Terap |
| Kampung Pisang
|007/07/05 |Maktab Mahmud Padang Terap |
| Kampung Tanjong
|007/07/06 |SK Padang Terap |
| Tualak
|007/07/07 |SK Tualak |
| Belimbing
|007/07/08 |SK Kuala Nerang |
| Kampung Bendang
|007/07/09 |SK Tuanku Abdul Rahman Putra |
| Perik
|007/07/10 |SK Perik |
| Kurong Hitam
|007/07/11 |SK Kurong Hitam |
| Pekan Kuala Nerang
|007/07/12 |SMK Dato' Syed Ahmad |
| Rambutan
|007/07/13 |SK Seri Bakti |
| Kampung Nai Teh
|007/07/14 |SK Toh Puan Sharifah Hanifah |
| Bukit Tembaga
|007/07/15 |SK Bukit Tembaga |
| Kampung Barokhas
|007/07/16 |SMA Al-Khairiah |
| Nako Nambua
|007/07/17 |SK Panglima Awang |
| rowspan="14" |Pedu (N08)
|Kuala Tekai |007/08/01 |SMK Pedu |
| Kampung Musa
|007/08/02 |SK Pedu |
| Pedu
|007/08/03 |SK Pedu |
| Tong Pelu
|007/08/04 |SK Datin Fatimah |
| Kampung Mesjid
|007/08/05 |SMK Naka |
| Belukar Luas
|007/08/06 |SK Kampong Belukar |
| Kubang Bemban
|007/08/07 |SK Tandop Besar |
| Tandop Besar
|007/08/08 |SK Tandop Besar |
| Naka
|007/08/09 |SK Naka |
| Lamdin
|007/08/10 |SK Lamdin |
| Nami
|007/08/11 |SK Nami |
| FELDA Lubok Merbau A
|007/08/12 |SK Lubok Merbau |
| FELDA Lubok Merbau B
|007/08/13 |SMK Lubok Merbau |
| Kampung Mahawangsa Padang Terap
|008/08/14 |SMA Al-Islahiah Al-Islamiah |
=Representation history=
| class=wikitable | |||
| colspan="5" | Members of Parliament for Padang Terap | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Parliament
!No | Years | Member | Party |
| colspan="5" align="center" | Constituency created, renamed from Jitra-Padang Terap | |||
| 4th
| rowspan="6" |P005 | 1974–1978 | Ahmad Shukri Abdul Shukur (أحمد شکري عبدالشکور) | bgcolor="{{party color|Barisan Nasional|BN}}" | {{Font color|white| BN (PAS)}} |
| 5th | 1978–1982 | rowspan=2| Syed Ahmad Syed Mahmud Shahabuddin (سيد أحمد سيد محمود شهاب الدين) | rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{party color|Barisan Nasional|BN}}" | {{Font color|white| BN (UMNO)}} | |
| rowspan=2| 6th | 1982–1984 | ||
| 1985–1986 | Baharom Bakar (بهاروم بكر) | ||
| 7th | 1986–1990 | rowspan=3| Affifudin Omar (عَفِيفُ ٱلدِّين عُمَر) | |
| 8th | 1990–1995 | ||
| 9th
| rowspan="7" |P007 | 1995–1999 | ||
| 10th | 1999–2004 | Zawawi Ahmad (زواوي أحمد) | bgcolor="{{party color|Barisan Alternatif|BA}}" | {{Font color|white| BA (PAS)}} |
| 11th | 2004–2008 | Ghazali Ibrahim (غزالي إبراهيم) | bgcolor="{{party color|Barisan Nasional|BN}}" | {{Font color|white| BN (UMNO)}} |
| 12th | 2008–2013 | Mohd Nasir Zakaria (محمد ناصر زکريا) | bgcolor="{{party color|Pakatan Rakyat|PR}}" | {{Font color|white| PR (PAS)}} |
| 13th | 2013–2018 | rowspan="2" | Mahdzir Khalid (محاضر بن خالد) | rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Barisan Nasional|BN}}" | {{Font color|white| BN (UMNO)}} |
| 14th | 2018–2022 | ||
| 15th | 2022–present | Nurul Amin Hamid (نُورُٱلْأَمِين حَمِيْد) | bgcolor="{{party color|Perikatan Nasional|PN}}" | {{Font color|white| PN (PAS)}} |
= State constituency =
| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Parliamentary constituency ! colspan="7" |State constituency |
| 1955–1959*
!1959–1974 !1974–1986 !1986–1995 !1995–2004 !2004–2018 !2018–present |
|---|
| rowspan="3" |Padang Terap
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" bgcolor="dcdcdc" | | colspan="5" |Kuala Nerang |
| colspan="2" bgcolor="dcdcdc" |
| colspan="3" |Pedu |
| colspan="2" |Pokok Sena
| colspan="3" bgcolor="dcdcdc" | |
= Current state assembly members =
| class="wikitable"
! width="30" |No. ! width="150" |State Constituency ! width="200" |Member ! width="120" |Coalition (Party) | |||
| N7 | Kuala Nerang | Mohamad Yusoff Zakaria | rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Perikatan Nasional}}" |{{Font color|white|PN (PAS)}} |
| N8 | Pedu | Mohd Radzi Md Amin |
= Local governments & postcodes =
| class="wikitable"
|+ !No. !State Constituency !Local Government !Postcode |
| N7
|Kuala Nerang | rowspan="2" |Padang Terap District Council | rowspan="2" |
|
| N8
|Pedu |
Election results
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|2022|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{MASelec|Perikatan Nasional|Nurul Amin Hamid|28,217|58.03|{{increase}} 58.03}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Mahdzir Khalid|17,258|35.49|{{decrease}} 6.60}}
{{MASelec|Pakatan Harapan|Muaz Abdullah|2,702|5.56|{{decrease}} 13.08}}
{{MASelec|Gerakan Tanah Air|Razali Lebai Salleh|452|0.93|{{increase}} 0.93}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes|48,629| 100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots|632|}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots|90|}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout|49,341|81.31|{{decrease}} 4.30}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|59,806|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority|10,959|22.54|{{increase}} 19.72}}
{{MASelec/gain|Perikatan Nasional|Barisan Nasional|?}}
{{MASelec/source|hide=https://lom.agc.gov.my/ilims/upload/portal/akta/outputp/1753260/PUB%20606%20(2022).pdf||}}
{{end}}
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|2018|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Mahdzir Khalid|16,384|42.09|{{decrease}} 13.57}}
{{MASelec|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|Mohd Azam Abd Aziz|15,285|39.27|{{decrease}} 4.47}}
{{MASelec|PH (2018)|Mohd Khairizal Khazali|7,254|18.64|{{increase}} 18.64}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes|38,923|100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots|854|}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots|155|}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout|39,932|85.61|{{decrease}} 4.72}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|46,644|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority|1,099|2.82|{{decrease}} 9.15}}
{{MASelec/hold|Barisan Nasional|}}
{{MASelec/source|hide={{cite web|url=http://www.federalgazette.agc.gov.my/outputp/pub_20180504_P.U.%20%28B%29%20233%20KEDAH.pdf|title=His Majesty's Government Gazette - Notice of Contested Election, Parliament for the State of Kedah [P.U. (B) 233/2018]|date=3 May 2018|publisher=Attorney General's Chambers of Malaysia|access-date=2018-08-01}}{{Dead link|date=December 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{cite web|url=http://www.federalgazette.agc.gov.my/outputp/pub_20180530_P.U.%20%28B%29%20307%20-%20PARLIMEN%20KEDAH.pdf|title=Federal Government Gazette - Results of Contested Election and Statements of the Poll after the Official Addition of Votes, Parliamentary Constituencies for the State of Kedah [P.U. (B) 307/2018]|date=28 May 2018|publisher=Attorney General's Chambers of Malaysia|access-date=2018-08-01}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}||}}
{{end}}
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|2013|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Mahdzir Khalid|20,654|55.66|{{increase}} 6.28}}
{{MASelec|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|Mohd Nasir Zakaria|16,212|43.69|{{decrease}} 6.93}}
{{MASelec|Independent politician|Muhamad Bazli Abdullah|243|0.65|{{increase}} 0.65}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes|37,109|100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots|691|}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots|104|}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout|37,904|90.33|{{increase}} 4.33}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|41,960|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority|4,442|11.97|{{increase}} 10.73}}
{{MASelec/gain|Barisan Nasional|National Trust Party (Malaysia)-Malaysian Islamic Party|?}}
{{MASelec/source|hide={{cite web|url=http://www.federalgazette.agc.gov.my/outputp/pub_20130426_P.U.%20(B)%20170%20-%20NOTIS%20PILIHAN%20RAYA%20YANG%20DIPERTANDINGKAN%20PARLIMEN%20BAGI%20NEGERI%20KEDAH.pdf|title=Federal Government Gazette - Notice of Contested Election, Parliament for the State of Kedah [P.U. (B) 170/2013]|date=26 April 2013|publisher=Attorney General's Chambers of Malaysia|access-date=2016-05-16}}
{{cite web|url=http://www.federalgazette.agc.gov.my/outputp/pub_20130522_P.U.%20(B)%20211%20-%20Borang%2016%20Parlimen%20-%20Kedah%20UPDATED.pdf|title=Federal Government Gazette - Results of Contested Election and Statements of the Poll after the Official Addition of Votes, Parliamentary Constituencies for the State of Kedah [P.U. (B) 211/2013]|date=22 May 2013|publisher=Attorney General's Chambers of Malaysia|access-date=2016-05-16}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}}}
{{end}}
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|2008|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{MASelec|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|Mohd Nasir Zakaria|15,003|50.62|{{increase}} 4.59}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Ghazali Ibrahim|14,634|49.38|{{decrease}} 4.59}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes|29,637|100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots|770|}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots|38|}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout|30,445|86.00|{{decrease}} 0.68}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|35,403|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority|369|1.24|{{decrease}} 6.70}}
{{MASelec/gain|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party| Barisan Nasional |?}}
{{end}}
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|2004|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Ghazali Ibrahim|14,776|53.97|{{increase}} 6.22}}
{{MASelec|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|Zawawi Ahmad|12,604|46.03|{{decrease}} 6.22}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes|27,380|100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots|693|}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots|21|}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout|28,094|86.68|{{increase}} 3.32}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|32,411|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority|2,172|7.94|{{increase}} 3.44}}
{{MASelec/gain|Barisan Nasional|National Trust Party (Malaysia)-Malaysian Islamic Party|?}}
{{end}}
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|1999|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{MASelec|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|Zawawi Ahmad|12,218|52.25|{{increase}} 8.78}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Othman Ismail|11,165|47.75|{{decrease}} 8.78}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes|23,383|100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots|480|}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots|294|}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout|24,157|83.36|{{increase}} 5.33}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|28,979|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority|1,053|4.50|{{decrease}} 8.56}}
{{MASelec/gain|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party| Barisan Nasional |?}}
{{end}}
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|1995|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Affifudin Omar|11,571|56.53|{{decrease}} 4.51}}
{{MASelec|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|Mustapha Kamal Shahrom|8,898|43.47|{{increase}} 43.47}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes|20,469|100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots|811|}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots|17|}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout|21,297|78.03|{{decrease}} 0.68}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|27,293|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority|2,673|13.06|{{decrease}} 9.02}}
{{MASelec/hold|Barisan Nasional|}}
{{end}}
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|1990|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Affifudin Omar|20,697|61.04|{{increase}} 2.26}}
{{MASelec|Parti Melayu Semangat 46|Baharom Bakar|13,208|38.96|{{increase}} 38.96}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes|33,905|100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots|1,482|}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots|0|}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout|35,387|78.71|{{decrease}} 0.02}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|44,958|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority|7,489|22.08|{{increase}} 4.52}}
{{MASelec/hold|Barisan Nasional|}}
{{end}}
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|1986|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Affifudin Omar|18,520|58.78|{{decrease}} 0.07}}
{{MASelec|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|Mahmud Ahmad|12,985|41.22|{{increase}} 0.75}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes|31,505|100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots|683|}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots|0|}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout|32,188|78.73|{{decrease}} 0.13}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|40,884|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority|5,535|17.56|{{decrease}} 0.82}}
{{MASelec/hold|Barisan Nasional|}}
{{end}}
{{anchor|Election result 1985}}
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|19 January 1985|by=yes|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes|change=yes|reason=Upon the resignation of incumbent, Syed Ahmad Syed Mahmud Shahabuddin}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Baharom Bakar|18,262|58.85|{{decrease}} 1.34}}
{{MASelec|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|Halim Arshat|12,560|40.47|{{increase}} 0.66}}
{{MASelec|Independent politician|Choong Seang Hai|118|0.38|{{increase}} 0.38}}
{{MASelec|Independent politician|Khalid Abdullah|93|0.30|{{increase}} 0.30}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes|31,033|100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots|369|}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots|0|}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout|31,402|78.86|{{decrease}} 3.68}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|39,818|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority|5,702|18.38|{{decrease}} 2.00}}
{{MASelec/hold|Barisan Nasional|}}
{{end}}
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|1982|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Syed Ahmad Syed Mahmud Shahabuddin|18,637|60.19|{{increase}} 5.05}}
{{MASelec|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|Sudin Wahab|12,329|39.81|{{decrease}} 5.05}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes|30,966|100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots|1,085|}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots|0|}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout|32,051|82.54|{{increase}} 0.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|38,831|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority|6,308|20.38|{{increase}} 10.10}}
{{MASelec/hold|Barisan Nasional|}}
{{end}}
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|1978|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Syed Ahmad Syed Mahmud Shahabuddin|14,747|55.14|{{increase}} 55.14}}
{{MASelec|Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|Mohamad Asri Muda|12,000|44.86|{{increase}} 44.86}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes|26,747|100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots|508|}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots|0|}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout|27,255|82.54}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|33,019|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority|2,747|10.28}}
{{MASelec/hold|Barisan Nasional|}}
{{end}}
{{MASelec/top|Malaysia|1974|Padang Terap (federal constituency)|Padang Terap|percent=yes}}
{{MASelec/note|On the nomination day, Ahmad Shukri Abdul Shukur won uncontested.}}
{{MASelec|Barisan Nasional|Ahmad Shukri Abdul Shukur}}
{{MASelec/total|Total valid votes||100.00}}
{{MASelec/total|Total rejected ballots||}}
{{MASelec/total|Unreturned ballots||}}
{{MASelec/total|Turnout||}}
{{MASelec/total|Registered electors|28,348|}}
{{MASelec/total|Majority||}}
{{MASelec/note|This was a new constituency created.}}
{{end}}
References
- {{cite web |url=http://www.spr.gov.my/ms/keputusan-pilihanraya |title=Keputusan Pilihan Raya Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya |work=Election Commission of Malaysia |access-date=2018-08-12}}
{{reflist}}
{{Malaysian federal constituencies}}