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Pakanha language

{{short description|Australian Aboriginal language}}

{{Infobox language

|name = Pakanha

|altname = Ayabakan

|states = Australia

|region = Cape York Peninsula, Queensland

|coordinates = {{coord|14|30|S|142|25|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}

|ethnicity = Ayabakan

|extinct = 1990s

|ref = e25

|speakers2 = No known L1 speakers

|familycolor = Australian

|fam1 = Pama–Nyungan

|fam2 = Paman

|fam3 = North Cape York

|fam4 = Wik

|dia1 = Western Ayapathu

|iso3 = pkn

|glotto = paka1251

|glottorefname = Pakanha

|aiatsis = Y64

|aiatsisname = Pakanh

|aiatsis2 = Y181

|aiatsisname2 = Western Ayapathu

|notice = IPA

}}

Pakanha (Bakanha), or Ayabakan, is a nearly extinct Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. In 1981, there were 10 speakers of the language, originally spoken by the aboriginal Pakanha people in the central part of the Cape York Peninsula.Wurm and Hattori 1981

Phonology

= Vowels =

Pakanha has 5 vowel qualities:{{Citation | last = Hamilton | first = Philip | title = Uw Oykangand and Uw Olkola Multimedia Dictionary | year = 1998 | url = http://reocities.com/Athens/delphi/2970/index.html | access-date = 20 January 2011}} {{grapheme|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

! rowspan=2 |

! colspan="3" | Short

! colspan="3" | Long

Front

! Central

! Back

! Front

! Central

! Back

Close

| {{IPAlink|i}} {{grapheme|i}}

|

| {{IPAlink|u}} ~ {{IPAlink|ʊ}} {{grapheme|u}}

| {{IPAlink|iː}} {{grapheme|ii}}

|

| {{IPAlink|uː}} {{grapheme|uu}}

Mid

| {{IPAlink|e}} ~ {{IPAlink|e̞}} {{grapheme|e}}

|

| {{IPAlink|o}} ~ {{IPAlink|ɔ}} {{grapheme|o}}

| {{IPAlink|ɛː}} {{grapheme|ee}}

|

| {{IPAlink|oː}} {{grapheme|oo}}

Open

|

|{{IPAlink|a}} ~ {{IPAlink|ə}} {{grapheme|a}}

|

|

|{{IPAlink|aː}} {{grapheme|aa}}

|

= Consonants =

Pakanha has 15 consonants:

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!rowspan=2|

!colspan=2| Peripheral

!colspan=2| Laminal

!colspan=2| Apical

!rowspan=2| Glottal

Bilabial

! Velar

! Palatal

! Dental

! Alveolar

! Retroflex

Plosive

| {{IPAlink|p}} {{grapheme|p}}

| {{IPAlink|k}} {{grapheme|k}}

| {{IPAlink|c}} {{grapheme|ch}}

| {{IPAlink|t̪}} {{grapheme|th}}

| {{IPAlink|t}} {{grapheme|t}}

|

| {{IPAlink|ʔ}} {{grapheme|'}}

Nasal

| {{IPAlink|m}} {{grapheme|m}}

| {{IPAlink|ŋ}} {{grapheme|ng}}

| {{IPAlink|ɲ}} {{grapheme|ny}}

| {{IPAlink|n̪}} {{grapheme|nh}}

| {{IPAlink|n}} {{grapheme|n}}

|

|

Trill

|colspan=2|

|

|

| {{IPAlink|r}} {{grapheme|rr}}

|

|

Approximant

|colspan=2| {{IPAlink|w}} {{grapheme|w}}

| {{IPAlink|j}} {{grapheme|y}}

|

| {{IPAlink|l}} {{grapheme|l}}

| {{IPAlink|ɻ}} {{grapheme|r}}

|

Vocabulary/Topical Index

{{Expand section|date=February 2011}}

The following is a sample of words from a comparative wordlist/topical index produced by Philip Hamilton.{{Citation | last = Hamilton | first = Philip | title = Uw Oykangand and Uw Olkola Multimedia Dictionary | year = 1998 | url = http://reocities.com/Athens/delphi/2970/dict2.htm | access-date = 22 February 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120323155530/http://reocities.com/Athens/delphi/2970/dict2.htm | archive-date = 23 March 2012 | url-status = dead }} The Pakanha words are accompanied by corresponding words from the distantly related Uw Olkola and Uw Oykangand languages:

(P) = Pakanha, (Olk) = Uw Olkola, (Oyk) = Uw Oykangand.

The Body:

  • Body
  • {{lang|pkn|nhangka|italic=no}} (P)
  • {{lang|olk|idnhan|italic=no}} (Olk, Oyk)
  • {{lang|olk|elpan|italic=no}} (Olk)
  • Head
  • {{lang|pkn|wele|italic=no}} (P)
  • {{lang|olk|eka|italic=no}} (Olk)
  • {{lang|kjn|e.g.|italic=no}} (Oyk)
  • Fontanel
  • {{lang|pkn|wele ngangka|italic=no}} (P)
  • {{lang|olk|ek ulpar|italic=no}} (Olk)
  • {{lang|kjn|e.g. ulbar|italic=no}} (Oyk)
  • Skull
  • {{lang|pkn|yenkan|italic=no}} (P)
  • {{lang|olk|ek obher|italic=no}} (Olk)
  • {{lang|kjn|e.g. opher|italic=no}} (Oyk)

In popular culture

The Pakanha word for the eastern grey kangaroo, {{lang|pkn|kucha|italic=yes}}, was used as the name of a tribe on the second season of the American reality television series, Survivor in 2001.{{Cite web|url=http://www.oocities.org/athens/delphi/2970/kangaroo.htm|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121017120459/http://www.oocities.org/athens/delphi/2970/kangaroo.htm|archive-date = 2012-10-17|title = Kangaroo}}

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Pama–Nyungan languages|Paman}}

Category:Wik languages