Palawano language

There are three Palawano languages: the Quezon Palawano (PLC) which is also known as Central Palawano; Brooke's Point Palawano (PLW) and its dialect the Bugsuk Palawano or Southwest Palawano (PLV). The three Palawano languages share the island with several other Palawanic languages which are not part of the Palawano cluster, though they share a fair amount of vocabulary.{{cite web

|title=Family: Palawanic

|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/pala1354

|access-date=22 May 2020

}}

The following overview is based on Revel-MacDonald (1979).Revel-MacDonald, Nicole. 1979. Le Palawan (Philippines): phonologie, catégories, morphologie. (Langues et civilisations de l'Asie du sud-est et du monde insulindien, 4.) Paris: SELAF.

{{Cleanup lang|section|date=November 2022}}{{Expand section|date=May 2020}}

Verb conjugations are similar to other Filipino dialects with prefixes and suffixes indicating tense, object or actor focus, as well as intention (i.e. commands). These prefixes and suffixes can be used to create various parts of speech from the same root word. For example, biyag, meaning 'life', can be manipulated to mean 'to live' (megbiyag), 'full of food' (mebiyag), 'to raise to life' (ipebiyag), 'living' as an adjective (biyagen), or 'living' as a present tense verb form (pebibiyag).

Palawano creates a diminutive prefix by copying the first CV of the base together with the final base consonant: kusiŋ ('cat'): kuŋ-kusiŋ ('kitten'), bajuʔ ('clothing'): bäʔ-bajuʔ ('child's clothing'), libun ('woman'): lin-libun ('girl'), kunit ('yellow'): kut-kunit ('yellow flycatcher' (bird)), siak ('tears'): sik-siak ('crocodile tears/false tears').

{{cite journal |last1=Blust |first1=Robert |title=The Austronesian languages |date=2013 |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/10191/6/Blust-2013-AustronesianLanguages.pdf}}

The following set of pronouns are the pronouns found in the Southwest Palawano language.

{{cite journal

|last1=Quakenbush

|first1=J. Stephen

|last2=Ruch

|first2=Edward

|journal= SIL Paper Presented at Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. 17. 20 January 2006. Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines

|title=Pronoun Ordering and Marking in Kalamianic

|date=2008

|url=https://sil-philippines-languages.org/ical/papers/Quakenbush-Pronoun%20Ordering%20and%20Marking%20in%20Kalamianic.pdf

|access-date=23 May 2020

}} Note: the direct/nominative case is divided between full and short forms.

There are many linguistic variations among Palawan family groups with words changing from one valley to the next (i.e. tabon for 'mountain' versus bukid). Tagalog is frequently used to supply words lacking in the local dialect for modern objects and actions which can cause confusion, especially among the younger generation, between Tagalog and Palawan. The more familiar a family or village is with the Tagalog lowland culture, the more common the language overlap. The Palawano language has also historically incorporated a great number of Malay words. There is also some Bisayan influence similar to what is exhibited in the other parts of Palawan.

Some Brooke's Point Palawan words are:

{{cite web

|title=Palawano B Dictionary

|url=https://www.webonary.org/palawanob/

|access-date=26 May 2020

}}

• {{Lang|plw|bibila`}} or {{Lang|plw|ibeyba}} – friend
• {{Lang|plw|maman}} – uncle (also a term of respect for an older man)
• {{Lang|plw|minan}} – aunt (also a term of respect for an older woman)
• {{Lang|plw|indu`}} – mother
• {{Lang|plw|ama`}} – father
• {{Lang|plw|isi`}} – get
• {{Lang|plw|karut}} – sack
• {{Lang|plw|tengeldew}} – midday
• {{Lang|plw|mangelen}} – purchase/buy
• {{Lang|plw|surung}} – go
• {{Lang|plw|bukid}} or {{Lang|plw|tabon}} – mountain
• {{Lang|plw|manga`an}} – eat
• {{Lang|plw|menunga}} – good
• {{Lang|plw|kusing}}, {{Lang|plw|demang}}, {{Lang|plw|esing}} – cat
• {{Lang|plw|pegingin}} – love (noun)

Phrases:

• {{Lang|plw|Embe surungan mu la`?}} – friendly way of asking "Where are you going friend?", as a form of greeting.
• {{Lang|plw|Dun bukid ti`, mengisi` ku et karut}} – means 'There, to the mountain, I will get a sack.'
• {{Lang|plw|Endey mengagat}} – this is usually referring to the dog, as a way to say "don't bite"
• {{Lang|plw|Embe tena'an mu?}} – Where are you going?
• {{Lang|plw|Dut daya}}. – Up the hill
• {{Lang|plw|Menungang Meriklem}}. – Good morning

The following compares the Palawano languages with other Greater Central Philippine languages.

File:Ibalnan.jpg

File:Ibalnan script sample.png

The spelling is controversial with multiple translators using separate spelling methods, some using Tagalog-based spelling while others use other systems.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

Brooke's Point Palawano uses 23 letters: a, b, [k], d, e, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, ng, o, p, r, s, t, u, w, y, and ' (glottal stop). Borrowed: c, f, q, x, z.

{{cite web

|title=Palawano B Dictionary: Abakada

|url=https://www.webonary.org/palawanob/g285a5ad2-f9e2-4906-9ce2-6d83e15506c3/

|access-date=26 May 2020

}}

The 'e' stands for schwa and "dy" makes a 'j' sound.

{{main|Tagbanwa script}}

In the 20th century, the Tagbanwa script was adopted from the Tagbanwa people by the Palawan people further south in the island.

{{cite journal

|last1=Miller

|first1=Christopher

|journal= The International Indigenous Development Research Conference 2014 Proceedings, Workshop on Indigenous Languages Tokyo, Japan - Academia.edu

|title=A survey of indigenous scripts of Indonesia and the Philippines

|date=2014

|url=https://www.academia.edu/15915312

|access-date=21 May 2020

}}

They call this alphabet Ibalnan and the vowel mark an ulit.{{cite web |title=Palawano B Dictionary |url=https://www.webonary.org/palawanob/g4dd50244-515e-4393-81a0-ecc74944dd41/ |access-date=26 May 2020}}

{{reflist}}

• Zorc, R. David. 1972. [http://sealang.net/archives/zorc/pdf/Palawano/bundle.pdf Palawano notes].
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=himtnvx8UwU Brooke's Point Palawano audio sample]
• [https://www.webonary.org/palawanob/ Brooke's Point Palawano dictionary]

{{Philippine languages}}

{{Languages of the Philippines}}

Category:Palawanic languages

Category:Languages of Palawan