Paliy uprising

Paliy uprising (also Palej uprising) was a Cossack uprising, led by colonel Semen Paliy against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1702–1704.

{{Infobox military conflict

| conflict = Paliy uprising

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| partof = Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706)

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| date = 1702–1704

| place = Right-Bank Ukraine, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

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| result = Uprising suppressed
(See {{Section link||Aftermath}})

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| combatant1 = 20px Cossack Hetmanate

| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Royal Banner of Stanisław Leszczyński.svg}} Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

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23x23px Cossack Hetmanate
{{flag|Tsardom of Russia}}

| combatant3 =

| commander1 = 20px Semen Paliy
20px {{Interlanguage link|Samiylo Samus|uk|Самійло Самусь}}
20px Andrii Abazyn{{WIA}}{{executed}}
20px Ivan Iskra

| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Royal Banner of Stanisław Leszczyński.svg}} Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski
{{flagicon image|Royal Banner of Stanisław Leszczyński.svg}} Józef Potocki
{{flagicon image|Royal Banner of Stanisław Leszczyński.svg}} {{Interlanguage link|Marcin Chomętowski|pl|Marcin Chomętowski}}

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20px Ivan Mazepa

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| strength1 = 12,000 rebels

| strength2 = 15,000

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10,000 Mazepa's cossacks

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| casualties1 = Heavy

| casualties2 = Unknown

| casualties3 = 2,000–5,000 rebels executed
70,000 civilians wounded
2,000 civilians massacred in Ładyżyn

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In 1699 a new Polish king Augustus II disbanded the Cossack militia and signed a peace treaty with Ottoman Turkey. Cossacks were angered by this situation, and in 1702 colonel (polkovnyk) Paliy started an open rebellion against the crown, the last of the major Cossack uprisings against the Commonwealth. Together with a number of other Cossack polkovnyks, Paliy and his rebels captured Bila Tserkva, Fastiv, Nemyriv and a few other towns. Rebellious Cossacks massacred their traditional enemies — Polish szlachta, Catholic priests and Jews — in the area they controlled. In October of 1702, Cossack forces led by Paliy and Samiylo Samus defeated the Polish army under hetman Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski near the town of Berdychiv,{{Cite web |title=Повстання С. Палія - 100 ключових подій української історії |url=https://uahistory.co/book/100-key-events-of-ukrainian-history/46.php |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=uahistory.co |language=uk}} however in February 1703 the rebels were defeated at Werbicze. Paliy's last stand was at Bila Tserkva.

Russian Tsar Peter I and Left-bank Ukraine hetman Ivan Mazepa, who were allied with Poland against Sweden at the time, intervened diplomatically, arranging a ceasefire, and ordered Paliy to surrender Bila Tserkva, but he and his men refused. Mazepa convinced Russian Tsar Peter I to allow him to intervene, which he successfully did, taking over major portions of Right-bank Ukraine.