Pamitinan Protected Landscape

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File:Pamitinan Protected Landscape River area after Wawa Dam.jpg immediately downstream from the Wawa Dam]]

The Pamitinan Protected Landscape is situated in the sitio of Wawa within the jurisdiction of the barangay of San Rafael in the mountainous eastern section of Rodriguez, formerly the municipality of Montalban. It is centered on the {{convert|1180|ft|m|adj=on}} high water gap carved by the Marikina River in the southern Sierra Madre of northern Rizal province. The Montalban Gorge, also known as Wawa Gorge, has been a popular tourist destination since the Colonial Era and was widely regarded as one of the most remarkable natural features of Oriental scenery in the early 1900s.{{cite web|url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/AHZ9173.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext |title=Manila and the Philippines (American Express Company) |publisher=University of Michigan Library |access-date=10 August 2019}} It is ringed by a series of marble boulders, limestone crags and up to {{convert|160|ft|m|adj=on}} tall white rock walls. The gorge separates the {{convert|426|m|ft|adj=on}} high Mount Pamitinan on the north from the {{convert|424|m}} high Mount Binacayan on the south with the Wawa Dam and Marikina River running between them.

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Mounts Pamitinan and Binacayan are two limestone mountains formed around 20-25 million years ago during the Miocene epoch.{{cite web|url=http://www.paase.org/images/2017_APAMS_Abstract_-_Jacqueline_Hilario.pdf |title=Water quality, geological structures and macroinvertebrates of Wawa Dam, Rizal, Philippines: an assessment |publisher=Philippine-American Academy of Science & Engineering |author=Hilario, J. |access-date=10 August 2019}} They create a dramatic backdrop to the "Wawa" Dam, so named for its resemblance to a portal or "entrance" in the local Dumagat language. The karst topography of the mountains is due to the continuous passage of water along their cracks and fractures over millions of years. Mount Pamitinan, the 22nd tallest mountain in Rizal, is a popular hiking destination for beginners from Metro Manila.{{cite web|url=https://www.pep.ph/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/34549/angel-locsin-climbs-four-mountains-in-three-weeks |title=Angel Locsin climbs four mountains within three weeks! |publisher=Philippine Entertainment Portal |author=Sampayan, A. |date=4 January 2017 |access-date=10 August 2019}} It has designated hiking trails consisting of a muddy and slippery assault part and a rock climbing bouldering trail. It requires only two hours to reach its summit from the sitio of Wawa.{{cite web|url=http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2015/02/mt-pamitinan-426-and-mt-binacayan-424.html |title=Mt. Pamitinan (426+) and Mt. Binacayan (424+) in Rodriguez, Rizal |publisher=Pinoy Mountaineer |author=Lasco, G. |date=8 February 2015 |access-date=10 August 2019}} Its twin mountain to the south, Mount Binacayan, has a more agricultural terrain consisting of less explored rock and bamboo trails.

The Pamitinan Cave in Mount Pamitinan is a declared National Geological Monument. It is notable for its rich stalactites and stalagmites with rimstone pools and cave coral.{{cite web|url=http://pmd.6te.net/ecotourism-calabarzon/Protected_Paminitan.html |title=Pamitinan Protected Landscape |publisher=Ecotourism Calabarzon |access-date=10 August 2019}} The multichamber cave was used as a secret headquarters of the Katipunan where Andrés Bonifacio and his fellow revolutionaries first declared Philippine independence from Spain on April 12, 1895. It also figured during World War II when it was turned into an armory by the Japanese invading forces. Many Japanese were killed here during a three-month-long battle with American forces in 1945. A cavern which measures {{convert|50|ft|m}} in height and radius called Bulwagan ("Hall") is located about {{convert|500|m|ft}} from its mouth through a narrow passageway. It has the inscription Viva la Independencia written on its wall which dates back to the Philippine Revolution era. The cave is accessible via a hanging bridge from the Montalban gorge.

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The focal point of the protected area is the Wawa Dam, a decommissioned arch-gravity dam that is {{convert|12|m|ft}} tall and {{convert|85|m|ft}} long situated in this gorge portion of the Upper Marikina River. It was built in 1904 by the American colonial government and was the only source of water supply for Manila at the time until it was replaced by the Angat Dam in the 1960s. It is now a recreational and picnic spot where tourists ride bamboo rafts and swim in its reservoir that has an average depth of {{convert|3|m}}. The artificial waterfall over the dam was turned into a tourist spot where cottages and shops selling locals' fruit and vegetable produce have also been developed. It is accessible via a {{convert|500|m|ft|adj=on}} trek from the sitio of Wawa.

The park also includes the {{convert|517|m|ft|adj=on}} high Mount Hapunang Banoi located just north of Mount Pamitinan.{{cite web|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/pamitinan-protected-landscape |title=Pamitinan in Philippines |publisher=Protected Planet |access-date=10 August 2019}} The mountain is the location of Mascap Spring. Another limestone cave known as Bat Cave which is only accessible during summer when the water level drops at Wawa Dam is also found within the protected area.

The protected landscape park has rich flora and fauna owing to its location in the Sierra Madre range. It is a known birdwatching site that offers sightings of the endemic scale-feathered malkoha, grey-backed tailorbird, elegant tit, grey-rumped swiftlet, white-browed shama, crested honey buzzard, Philippine bulbul, feral pigeon, peregrine falcon and mangrove blue flycatcher.{{cite web|url=https://ebird.org/view/checklist/S56290289 |title=eBird Checklist - Mt. Pamitinan Protected Landscape |publisher=eBird |access-date=10 August 2019}}

The park's vegetation resembles that of the adjacent Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape and comprises dipterocarp species characteristic of lowland forests such as tanguile, mayapis, bagtikan, white lauan and red lauan.{{cite web|url=https://riverbasin.denr.gov.ph/river/marikina |title=Marikina River Basin |publisher=Department of Environment and Natural Resources |access-date=10 August 2019}}

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{{Protected areas in CALABARZON}}

{{Calabarzon attractions}}

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Category:Protected landscapes of the Philippines

Category:Geography of Rizal (province)

Category:Tourist attractions in Rizal (province)

Category:Birdwatching sites in the Philippines

Category:Protected areas of the Sierra Madre (Philippines)

Category:Protected areas established in 1996

Category:1996 establishments in the Philippines

Category:Rodriguez, Rizal