Paradisaea

{{About-distinguish-text|the bird genus|Paradisea, a genus of plants}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Raggiana Bird-of-Paradise wild 5.jpg

| image_caption = Raggiana bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea raggiana)

| taxon = Paradisaea

| type_species = Paradisaea apoda (greater bird-of-paradise)

| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758

| synonyms = *Paradisea Linnaeus, 1758 (Unav.){{ cite journal | author=International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature | date=2012 | title=Paradisaea Linnaeus, 1758 and PARADISAEIDAE Swainson, 1825 (Aves): names conserved | journal=Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature | volume=69 | issue=1 | pages=77–78 | doi=10.21805/bzn.v69i1.a5 | s2cid=81167105 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/378027 }}

}}

The genus Paradisaea consists of six species of birds-of-paradise (family Paradisaeidae). The genus is found on the island of New Guinea as well as the nearby islands groups of the Aru Islands, D'Entrecasteaux Islands and Raja Ampat Islands. The species inhabit a range of forest types from sea level to mid-montane forests. Several species have highly restricted distributions, and all species have disjunct distributions.{{Citation | first1 = Clifford B. | last1 = Firth | first2 = Dawn W. | last2 = Firth | editor-first = Josep | editor-last = del Hoyo | editor2-first = Andrew | editor2-last = Elliott | editor3-first = David | editor3-last = Christie | contribution = Family Paradisaeidae (Birds-of-paradise) | title = Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14, Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows | year = 2009 | pages = 404–459| place = Barcelona | publisher = Lynx Edicions | isbn = 978-84-96553-50-7 }} A 2009 study examining the mitochondrial DNA of the family found that the Paradisaea birds-of-paradise were in a clade with the genus Cicinnurus. It showed that the blue bird-of-paradise was a sister taxon to all the other species in this genus.{{cite journal|last=Irested|first=Martin|author2=Jønsson, Knud A |author3=Fjeldså, Jon |author4= Christidis, Les and Per GP Ericson |year=2009|title=An unexpectedly long history of sexual selection in birds-of-paradise|journal=Evolutionary Biology|volume=9|issue=235|page=235 |url= |doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-9-235|pmc=2755009 |pmid=19758445 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2009BMCEE...9..235I }}

All are large, and sexually dimorphic. The plumage of the males includes characteristic grossly elongated flank plumes (which emerge from beneath the wings and strictly speaking are flank plumes pectoral plumes), and a pair of wire-like feathers emerging from the end of the tail. The flank plumes are used during breeding displays.

The name, Paradisaea, is the Latinized form of "paradise". The local name in Indonesia is cenderawasih.

Taxonomy

The genus Paradisaea was introduced by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1 | edition=10th | page=110 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | location=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727015}}{{efn|In the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae Linnaeus spelled the genus name as both Paradisea and Paradisaea.{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title=Systema Naturae | volume=1 | edition=10th | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | location=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin| pages=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726988 83], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727015 110] }} In 2012 the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature suppressed the spelling Paradisea.}} The genus name is from Late Latin paradisus meaning "paradise".{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=291 }} The type species was designated as the greater bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea apoda) by George Robert Gray in 1840.{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1840 | title=A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus | location=London | publisher=R. and J.E. Taylor | page=39 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13668933 }}{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Greenway | editor2-first=James C. Jr | year=1962 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=15 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=199 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14485572 }}

=Species=

The genus contains six species.{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2022 | title=Crows, mudnesters, melampittas, Ifrit, birds-of-paradise | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/crows/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=1 February 2022 }}

class="wikitable collapsible"
Image ! Common name ! Scientific name ! Distribution
File:Paradisaea apoda -Bali Bird Park-5.jpg \| Greater bird-of-paradise \|Paradisaea apoda \|Southwestern and southern New Guinea, as well as the Aru Islands; found at altitudes around 900–950 m.
frameless \|Raggiana bird-of-paradise \|Paradisaea raggiana \|Most of South, East-Central, Eastern and Southeastern New Guinea; typically found around at 1500 m in altitude.
214x214px \| Lesser bird-of-paradise \|Paradisaea minor \|Most of Northern, Northwestern and Western New Guinea (nominate race found also on Misool and other nearby islands.), also Eastern New Guinea near the Huon region; found at altitudes from 0–1500 m.
File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.141692 2 - Paradisaea decora Salvin and Godman, 1883 - Paradisaeidae - bird skin specimen.jpeg \| Goldie's bird-of-paradise \|Paradisaea decora \|Fergusson and Normanby islands in the D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago located Southeast of New Guinea; found at lower altitudes than other Paradisaea members.
File:CpZ Paradisaea rubra 00.jpg \| Red bird-of-paradise \|Paradisaea rubra \|Waigeo and Batanta islands of Raja Ampat in West Papua at altitudes of around 550–600 m.
File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.141703 2 - Paradisaea guilielmi Cabanis, 1888 - Paradisaeidae - bird skin specimen.jpeg \|Emperor bird-of-paradise \|Paradisaea guilielmi \|Mountains in the Huon Peninsula in Northeastern New Guinea; commonly found at altitudes of 1300–1500 m, though can be found lower at 400–670 m.

class="wikitable collapsible"

Image

! Common name

! Scientific name

! Distribution

File:Paradisaea apoda -Bali Bird Park-5.jpg

| Greater bird-of-paradise

|Paradisaea apoda

|Southwestern and southern New Guinea, as well as the Aru Islands; found at altitudes around 900–950 m.

frameless

|Raggiana bird-of-paradise

|Paradisaea raggiana

|Most of South, East-Central, Eastern and Southeastern New Guinea; typically found around at 1500 m in altitude.

214x214px

| Lesser bird-of-paradise

|Paradisaea minor

|Most of Northern, Northwestern and Western New Guinea (nominate race found also on Misool and other nearby islands.), also Eastern New Guinea near the Huon region; found at altitudes from 0–1500 m.

File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.141692 2 - Paradisaea decora Salvin and Godman, 1883 - Paradisaeidae - bird skin specimen.jpeg

| Goldie's bird-of-paradise

|Paradisaea decora

|Fergusson and Normanby islands in the D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago located Southeast of New Guinea; found at lower altitudes than other Paradisaea members.

File:CpZ Paradisaea rubra 00.jpg

| Red bird-of-paradise

|Paradisaea rubra

|Waigeo and Batanta islands of Raja Ampat in West Papua at altitudes of around 550–600 m.

File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.141703 2 - Paradisaea guilielmi Cabanis, 1888 - Paradisaeidae - bird skin specimen.jpeg

|Emperor bird-of-paradise

|Paradisaea guilielmi

|Mountains in the Huon Peninsula in Northeastern New Guinea; commonly found at altitudes of 1300–1500 m, though can be found lower at 400–670 m.

Notes

References

Category:Bird genera