Paranaguá#Early settlement
{{distinguish|text=Paraguaná Peninsula in Venezuela}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Paranaguá
|settlement_type = Municipality
|official_name = Municipality of Paranaguá
|image_skyline = {{multiple image|total_width=300px|perrow=2/2/2|border=infobox
|image1 = Cidade portuária de ruas estreitas de pedras e prédios inspirados nas construções luso-brasileiras.jpg
|image2 = Facade - Paranagua - Brazil 02.jpg
|image3 = Ilha da Cotinga.jpg
|image4 = Praça das Palmeiras e Rio Itiberê.jpg
|image5 = Baia de Paranaguá e Ilha da Cotinga.jpg
|image6 = Street Scene - Paranagua - Brazil.jpg
|image7 = Paranagua Panorama 02 2013 5926.jpg
}}
|image_caption =
|nickname = Berço da civilização paranaense
Mãe do Paraná
Grande mar redondo
|image_flag = Bandeira_paranagua.png
|image_shield = Brasao_paranagua.png
|image_map = Parana Municip Paranagua.svg
|map_caption = Location of Paranaguá in Paraná
|mapsize = 250px
|motto =
|pushpin_map = Brazil#South America
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Brazil
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_type2 = State
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}}
|subdivision_name1 = South
|subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Paraná}}
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Marcelo Elias Roque (PODE)
(2021 – 2024)
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = July 29, 1648
|area_note =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 826.674
|population_as_of = 2020 [https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/pr/paranagua/panorama IBGE 2020]
|population_metro =
|area_metro_km2 =
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 156,174
|population_note =
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_demonym = Parnanguara
|timezone = BRT
|utc_offset = −3
|timezone_DST = BRST
|utc_offset_DST = −2
|coordinates = {{coord|25|31|15|S|48|30|34|W|type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m = 5
|elevation_ft =
|postal_code_type = Postal Code (CEP)
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name = HDI (2010)
|blank_info = 0.750 – high{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708233352/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2014 |access-date=August 1, 2013 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
}}
|website =
}}
Paranaguá (Tupi, 'Great Round Sea') is a city in the state of Paraná in Brazil. Founded in 1648, it is Paraná's oldest city. It is known for the Port of Paranaguá, which serves as both the sea link for Curitiba, {{convert|110|km|mi}} to the west and the capital of Paraná, and as one of the largest ports of Brazil.
As of 2020, the city has an estimated population of 156,174 and a population density of 169.92 persons per km², making it the tenth most populated city in the state of Paraná. The total area of the city is {{convert|826.674|km2|2|abbr=on}}.
History
=Early settlement=
Paranaguá was home to a sambaqui, or midden culture, for several millennia prior to the arrival of the Portuguese. Little is known of the population, which existed along the coast of Paraná. The area was later home to the Carijó people, an extinct subgroup of the Guaraní people. Portuguese explorers captured the Carijó for slave labor. Over time, the remaining Carijó intermarried with whites and African residents and formed the Caiçaras subgroup.
=European settlement=
The Paraná coastline was already known and inhabited by the Europeans as early as 1549. Settlements in the area were first noted by the German Hans Staden (c. 1525 – c. 1579), who was shipwrecked in the area of 1578. Staden described the existence of a small chapel dedicated to Nossa Senhora do Rosário (Our Lady of the Rosary). Diogo Unhate, notary (tabelião) of Captaincy of São Vicente, obtained the first land grant in Paraná in 1614. Unhate was granted the lands between the Ararapira River and Superagui rivers. Gabriel de Lara, who has passed into history as the "captain settler" arrived in Paranaguá in 1640. He erected the first pillory in the area on January 6, 1646, the ultimate symbol of justice and power of the Portuguese. Lara announced the discovery of gold in Paranaguá in the same year. The Portuguese established the municipality of Paranugua by royal charter on July 29, 1648, and the city has the distinction of being the first settlement formally founded in the state of Paraná.
Port of Paranaguá
The economy of the city is driven by the deepwater Port of Paranaguá, which dates to the 16th century. The port was a point of entry for the settlement of the south of Brazil beginning early in the colonial period. It exports the largest volume of agricultural products of any of the ports of Brazil, notably of grain grown in the southern regions of the country. The port is also a major trade center of automobiles, fertilizer, lumber, paper, petroleum products, salt, soy beans, and sugar. It is administered by the Port Administration of Paranaguá and Antonina (Administração dos Portos de Paranaguá e Antonina), which was created by the state of Paraná in 1947.
In 2014, Paranaguá was the 7th largest exporting city, by value, in Brazil. The total value of exported goods that year were $4.3B (USD).DataViva. [http://en.dataviva.info/data/secex/2014-0/show.9/all/all/?order=export_val.desc "Brazilian International Trade by Municipality (2014)"], DataViva. Retrieved June 24, 2015. The top three products exported by the municipality were soybeans (41% of total exports), poultry meat (22%), and soybean meal (14%).DataViva. [http://en.dataviva.info/data/secex/2014-0/5pr030305/show.6/all/?order=export_val.desc "International Trade Data for Paranaguá (2014)"]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, DataViva. Retrieved June 24, 2015.DataViva. [http://en.dataviva.info/apps/builder/tree_map/secex/5pr030305/all/all/hs/?controls=true&year=2014&size=export_val&depth=hs_6&color=color "Exports of Paranaguá (2014)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093751/http://en.dataviva.info/apps/builder/tree_map/secex/5pr030305/all/all/hs/?controls=true&year=2014&size=export_val&depth=hs_6&color=color |date=2016-03-04 }}, DataViva. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
Geography
=Conservation=
The municipality contains 4% of the {{convert|199587|ha}} Guaratuba Environmental Protection Area, created in 1992.{{citation|ref={{harvid|APA Guaratuba – ISA}}|language=pt
|title=APA Guaratuba|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental
|url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/587244|access-date=2016-11-19}}
It holds 17% of the {{convert|34179|ha}} Bom Jesus Biological Reserve, a strictly protected conservation unit established in 2012.{{sfn|REBIO Bom Jesus – ISA}}
The municipality contains the Ilha do Mel State Park and the Ilha do Mel Ecological Station on the {{convert|2760|ha}} Ilha do Mel (English: Honey Island) at the mouth of Paranaguá Bay.{{sfn|Contextualização do Parque Estadual da Ilha do Mel 2011|p=1.2}}
=Climate=
Paranaguá experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa), next to northern limit of the category in the southern hemisphere (border of the coast of São Paulo/Paraná). The coastal location and the Brazil current molds a climate different from the usual one of the interior of the Paraná. The summers can be hot, mainly in the low altitudes and a little more interior. In warmer months, seemly the temperature is equal to or above 30 °C. The winter is very mild, in general it is as if it had only 3 seasons, when compared comparing with cities as Curitiba or Ponta Grossa with record temperatures of 5 °C lower. The central months of the year have temperatures averaging over 10 °C. Frost is not unknown, but is not expected in a normal winter. The updated normals give a value of precipitation above 2200 mm, which shows the rainy character of the city, although rain days are close to some drier climates. January to March are the wettest months with the advance of Atlantic tropical masses, and the months from June to August are the driest, due to the influence of the polar mass, but with relatively high precipitation. Sunshine hours are a bit low for the subtropics, being part of the effect of the large amount of water vapor on the airand the consequent cloudiness present.{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=44838&cityname=Paranagua,+Parana,+Brazil&units=metric|title=Paranagua, Parana Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=2018-12-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://revistas.ufpr.br/revistaabclima/article/download/25423/17042|title=O clima do litoral do estado do Paraná|last=Vanhoni|first=L|date=2008|publisher=Revista Brasileira de Climatologia|language=pt-br}}
Collaborating with the high humidity, the prevailing winds come from the east, especially in the ENE. Winds over 19 km/h are rare and more favorable in September. The months with clear skies are more common from June to August and the more cloudy months from January to February, especially with the advancement of air masses.{{Cite web|url=https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/paranagu%c3%a1_brazil_3455070|title=Climate Paranaguá|website=meteoblue|language=en|access-date=2018-12-25}}{{Weather box
| width = 100%
| collapsed =
| open =
| metric first = yes
| single line = y
| location = Paranaguá (Valadares Island), elevation: 4.5 m, 1981-2010 normals, extremes 1961-present
| Jan record high C =39.2
| Feb record high C =40.0
| Mar record high C =38.3
| Apr record high C =37.6
| May record high C =33.9
| Jun record high C =33.8
| Jul record high C =34.8
| Aug record high C =37.7
| Sep record high C =40.6
| Oct record high C =38.2
| Nov record high C =38.4
| Dec record high C =39.6
| Jan record low C =11.9
| Feb record low C =10.9
| Mar record low C =12.7
| Apr record low C =5.0
| May record low C =2.6
| Jun record low C =0.3
| Jul record low C =-0.1
| Aug record low C =4.2
| Sep record low C =6.4
| Oct record low C =7.6
| Nov record low C =8.0
| Dec record low C =9.4
| Jan high C =30.1
| Feb high C =30.1
| Mar high C =29.1
| Apr high C =27.5
| May high C =24.7
| Jun high C =23.1
| Jul high C =22.1
| Aug high C =23.0
| Sep high C =22.7
| Oct high C =24.6
| Nov high C =27.0
| Dec high C =28.6
| Jan mean C =25.5
| Feb mean C =25.4
| Mar mean C =24.6
| Apr mean C =23.0
| May mean C =19.9
| Jun mean C =18.0
| Jul mean C =17.2
| Aug mean C =18.0
| Sep mean C =18.6
| Oct mean C =20.5
| Nov mean C =22.7
| Dec mean C =24.2
| Jan low C =22.0
| Feb low C =22.1
| Mar low C =21.5
| Apr low C =19.8
| May low C =16.8
| Jun low C =14.8
| Jul low C =13.8
| Aug low C =14.5
| Sep low C =15.7
| Oct low C =17.7
| Nov low C =19.4
| Dec low C =20.9
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm =363.3
| Feb precipitation mm =304.6
| Mar precipitation mm =270.7
| Apr precipitation mm =164.9
| May precipitation mm =121.2
| Jun precipitation mm =99.8
| Jul precipitation mm =112.2
| Aug precipitation mm =82.5
| Sep precipitation mm =162.8
| Oct precipitation mm =171.0
| Nov precipitation mm =196.7
| Dec precipitation mm =234.6
| unit precipitation days = 1 mm
| Jan precipitation days =18
| Feb precipitation days =16
| Mar precipitation days =15
| Apr precipitation days =13
| May precipitation days =9
| Jun precipitation days =8
| Jul precipitation days =9
| Aug precipitation days =8
| Sep precipitation days =13
| Oct precipitation days =14
| Nov precipitation days =14
| Dec precipitation days =15
| Jan humidity =85.5
| Feb humidity =85.7
| Mar humidity =86.4
| Apr humidity =87.1
| May humidity =87.1
| Jun humidity =87.5
| Jul humidity =87.5
| Aug humidity =87.1
| Sep humidity =87.5
| Oct humidity =86.0
| Nov humidity =84.0
| Dec humidity =84.0
| Jan sun =141.9
| Feb sun =130.1
| Mar sun =131.2
| Apr sun =123.2
| May sun =129.7
| Jun sun =111.5
| Jul sun =110.7
| Aug sun =90.7
| Sep sun =63.2
| Oct sun =74.3
| Nov sun =105.9
| Dec sun =130.7
|source = BDMEP - INMET{{cite web
| url = http://www.inmet.gov.br/projetos/rede/pesquisa/
| title = Banco de Dados Meteorológicos para Ensino e Pesquisa
| publisher =INMET
| language = pt
| access-date = 25 December 2018}}
}}
{{Weather box
| width = 100%
| collapsed = y
| open =
| metric first = yes
| single line = y
| location = Paranaguá (Alto São Sebastião), elevation: 5 m, 1961-1990 normals
| Jan mean C =24.1
| Feb mean C =23.4
| Mar mean C =23.6
| Apr mean C =21.3
| May mean C =19.0
| Jun mean C =17.2
| Jul mean C =16.2
| Aug mean C =17.2
| Sep mean C =16.1
| Oct mean C =17.6
| Nov mean C =18.6
| Dec mean C =20.7
| Jan high C =28.7
| Feb high C =28.0
| Mar high C =27.9
| Apr high C =25.9
| May high C =23.9
| Jun high C =22.0
| Jul high C =20.6
| Aug high C =21.8
| Sep high C =19.8
| Oct high C =22.0
| Nov high C =22.3
| Dec high C =24.7
| Jan low C =20.5
| Feb low C =20.3
| Mar low C =20.2
| Apr low C =17.9
| May low C =15.5
| Jun low C =13.9
| Jul low C =13.3
| Aug low C =14.3
| Sep low C =13.8
| Oct low C =15.2
| Nov low C =16.2
| Dec low C =18.2
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm =284.9
| Feb precipitation mm =251.5
| Mar precipitation mm =279.8
| Apr precipitation mm =146.3
| May precipitation mm =117.0
| Jun precipitation mm =103.0
| Jul precipitation mm =92.0
| Aug precipitation mm =76.9
| Sep precipitation mm =115.1
| Oct precipitation mm =143.7
| Nov precipitation mm =141.5
| Dec precipitation mm =180.5
| Jan humidity =80.0
| Feb humidity =78.0
| Mar humidity =82.0
| Apr humidity =83.0
| May humidity =83.0
| Jun humidity =83.0
| Jul humidity =83.0
| Aug humidity =86.0
| Sep humidity =78.0
| Oct humidity =79.0
| Nov humidity =71.0
| Dec humidity =74.0
| Jan sun =142.7
| Feb sun =133.4
| Mar sun =131.3
| Apr sun =135.0
| May sun =142.4
| Jun sun =129.9
| Jul sun =127.4
| Aug sun =109.1
| Sep sun =73.0
| Oct sun =91.7
| Nov sun =107.4
| Dec sun =126.0
| source = NOAA{{Cite FTP | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REGIII/BZ/83844.TXT
| server = NOAA
| title = Paranaguá (83844) - WMO Weather Station
| access-date = December 25, 2018
}} [https://archive.org/details/19611990NormalsNOAAParanagua Archived] December 27, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
}}
Panorama
{{wide image|Paranagua waterfront 02 2013 5929.JPG|1000px|align-cap=center|Panorama of old port of Paranaguá waterfront area}}
Sports
Rio Branco Sport Club is the city football club. In 2006, the club disputed the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C. Estádio da Estradinha is the city stadium.
Transportation
=Air=
Paranaguá is served by Paranaguá Airport, a small general aviation airport. The closest international airport to the city is Afonso Pena International Airport in São José dos Pinhais, which is directly adjacent to Curitiba.
Consular representation
Sister Cities
Paranaguá is sister cities with:
- Awaji, Hyōgo, Japan{{Cite web|url=https://www.bemparana.com.br/publicacao/blogs/metropole/paranagua-recebe-carta-de-solidariedade-da-cidade-irma-awaji/|title=Paranaguá recebe carta de solidariedade da cidade irmã Awaji|access-date=2023-05-18|website=Bem Paraná|language=pt}}
- Mariupol, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine{{Cite web|url=https://www.paranagua.pr.gov.br/noticias/noticia1165.html|title=Paranaguá se solidariza com a cidade-irmã de Mariupol, na Ucránia|access-date=2022-02-25|website=Prefeitura de Paranaguá|language=pt}}
References
{{Reflist|2|refs=
}}
Sources
{{refbegin}}
- {{citation|title=Plano de Manejo - Parque Estadual Ilha do Mel|language=pt|ref={{harvid|Contextualização do Parque Estadual da Ilha do Mel 2011}}
|chapter=Contextualização do Parque Estadual da Ilha do Mel |year=2011 |publisher=STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.
|chapter-url=http://www.iap.pr.gov.br/arquivos/File/Plano_de_Manejo/PE_Ilha_do_Mel/item1_encarte1.pdf|access-date=2016-09-21}}
- {{citation|ref={{harvid|REBIO Bom Jesus – ISA}}|language=pt
|title=REBIO Bom Jesus|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/583144|access-date=2016-06-05}}
{{refend}}
{{wikivoyage|Paranaguá}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Paranagua}}