Parfait

{{about|the frozen dessert|the type of pâté known as a parfait|Pâté|other uses}}

{{Infobox food

| name = Parfait

| image = Parfait samples by pinguino in Osaka, Japan.jpg

| image_size = 200px

| caption = Layered Japanese parfait models in Osaka, Japan

| alternate_name =

| country = France

| region =

| creator =

| course = Dessert

| type =

| served = Frozen

| main_ingredient = Sugar, syrup, eggs, cream

| variations =

| calories =

| other =

}}

File:Parfait glacé au Grand Marnier, fruits confits et pain d'épice.JPG

File:Resort Hotel Olivean Shodoshima Japan11s5.jpg, Japan]]

File:Foie Gras.jpg, langoustine cream and parfait of foie gras at The Fat Duck]]

Parfait ({{IPAc-en|p|ɑːr|ˈ|f|eɪ}} {{respell|par|FAY}},{{cite web|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/parfait|title=PARFAIT|work=Cambridge English Dictionary|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=4 July 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/parfait|title=Parfait|work=Collins English Dictionary|publisher=HarperCollins|access-date=4 July 2019}} {{IPAc-en|UKalso|ˈ|p|ɑːr|f|eɪ}} {{respell|PAR|fay}},{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/parfait |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116173233/https://www.lexico.com/definition/parfait |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-11-16 |title=parfait |dictionary=Lexico UK English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press}} {{IPA|fr|paʁfɛ|lang|Fr-parfait.ogg}}; meaning "perfect") is either of two types of dessert. In France, where the dish originated, parfait is made by boiling cream, egg, sugar and syrup to create a custard-like or meringue-like puree which is then frozen. The American version consists of layers differentiated by the inclusion of such ingredients as granola, nuts, yogurt and liqueurs, topped off with fruits or whipped cream.{{cite web|title=Parfait|work=iFood.tv|url=http://ifood.tv/parfait/about}}{{cite web|title=Parfait definition|work=Oxford Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/parfait|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105175459/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/parfait|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 5, 2017}}

French parfait is usually served in thick, decorated slices on a plate.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/2019/dec/22/nigel-slater-parfait-and-christmas-fruit-cookies-recipes |title=Nigel Slater's parfait and Christmas fruit cookies recipes |work=The Guardian |date=22 December 2019 |access-date=7 April 2023}} American parfait is typically served in tall glassware together with a long spoon known as a parfait spoon. The classical parfait glass is stemware, with a short stem and a tall slender bowl, often tapered towards the bottom, also used for serving milkshakes. In South Asia (particularly Bangladesh), parfaits are made in bowl containers, rather than tall glasses.

History

A recipe for "parfait au café", a coffee-flavoured ice cream dessert made using a "parfait-mould" (un moule à parfait), was included in Le livre de cuisine by Jules Gouffé, first published in 1867,{{cite book|last1=Gouffé|first1=Jules|title=Le Livre de Cuisine|year=1884|publisher=Parangon-Aventurine |edition=6th|isbn=978-2-84190-056-5 |orig-date=1867|url=https://archive.org/details/lelivredecuisin00goufgoog|access-date=2023-07-04|language=fr}} and translated into English as The Royal Cookery Book by his brother Alphonse Gouffé in 1869.{{cite book|last1=Gouffé|first1=Jules|title=The Royal Cookery Book|translator=Alphonse Gouffé|year=1869|url=https://archive.org/details/royalcookeryboo00goufgoog|access-date=2023-07-04|language=en}}

Ingredients

In France, parfait refers to a frozen dessert made from a base of {{lang|fr|pâte à bombe}} (sugar syrup and egg yolk) and cream.{{Cite web |date=2019-08-06 |title=Parfait, semifreddi e mousse: scopriamo insieme questi dolci |url=https://primochef.it/parfait-e-semifreddo/lifestyle/ |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Primo Chef |language=it-IT}} A parfait contains enough fat, sugar, alcohol, and to a lesser extent, air, to allow it to be made by stirring infrequently while freezing, making it possible to create in a home kitchen without specialist equipment. The fat, sugar, alcohol or air interferes with the formation of water crystals, which would otherwise give the ice cream an uncomfortable texture in the mouth. The formation of ice crystals is managed in the making of regular ice cream by agitating the ice cream constantly while it freezes or chemically by adding glycerol. Neither should be necessary when making a high-quality parfait.

International adaptations

= United Kingdom =

In the United Kingdom, parfait can refer either to the French dessert or to a very smooth meat paste (or pâté), usually made from liver (chicken, duck or goose) and sometimes sweetened with liqueurs.{{cite web|author=Recipe by Barney Desmazery |url=http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/4971/velvety-duck-liver-parfait |title=Velvety duck liver parfait recipe - Recipes |publisher=BBC Good Food |access-date=2011-11-24}}

= United States =

In the United States, parfait refers to either the traditional French-style dessert or to a popular variant, the American parfait, made by layering whipped cream, ice cream, sometimes fruit and occasionally liqueurs. It is usually served in a tall clear glass, but can also be served in a short, stubby glass. The clear glass allows the layers of the dessert to be seen.

Parfaits can also be made by layering yogurt with granola, nuts or fresh fruits (such as peaches, strawberries, or blueberries).{{cite news|url=https://www.generalmillscf.com/recipes/yogurt-parfait/014f1a58-f773-44c7-8094-2643f356a636|title=Yogurt Parfait|work=General Mills|access-date=2018-05-13}}{{cite web|url=https://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en-us/product/fruit-n-yogurt-parfait.html|title=Fruit 'N Yogurt Parfait: McDonald's Parfait Cup|website=www.mcdonalds.com|publisher=McDonald's|access-date=2018-05-13}} This version is sometimes called a yogurt parfait or fruit parfait.