Paris metropolitan area
{{Short description|French statistical area}}
{{Distinguish|Paris Métro}}
{{About|the statistical area|the administrative structure|Grand Paris{{!}}Métropole du Grand Paris}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Paris metropolitan area
|native_name = {{native name|fr|Aire urbaine de Paris}}
|settlement_type = Metropolis and metropolitan area
|blank_emblem_type =
|blank_emblem_size =
|image_skyline = Tour Eiffel - night (2016).jpg
|image_caption = Paris, the most populated city in the metropolitan area
|image_map = 75-Paris-AAV2020.png
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Map showing the extent of the Paris metropolitan area as of 2020, when it included 1,929 communes and covered 18,941 km2.
{{Legend|#FF0000| Central commune}}
{{Legend|#debbbb| Primary urban cluster}}
{{Legend|#b2aec3| Secondary urban cluster}}
{{Legend|#fceed9| Peripheral commune}}
{{Legend|#fafeb1| Peripheral commune of a functional area with less than 200,000 inhabitants}}
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|France}}
|subdivision_type1 =
|subdivision_name1 =
|subdivision_type2 = Largest city
|subdivision_name2 = Paris (2,165,423)
|population_footnotes =
|population_metro = 13,064,617
|area_metro_km2 = 18,941
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_total =
|population_note =
|population_as_of =
|population_density_metro_km2 = 690
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = {{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en|title=Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan region|publisher=Eurostat|website=ec.europa.eu/eurostat|archive-url=|date=2024-02-28|archive-date=|access-date=2024-11-13}}
|demographics2_title1 = Metro
|demographics2_info1 = {{increase}} €757.630 billion ({{abbr|2021p|2021 provisional}})
|timezone = CET
|utc_offset = +01:00
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|latd =
|latm =
|lats =
|latNS =
|longd =
|longm =
|longs =
|longEW =
|website =
}}
The Paris metropolitan area ({{langx|fr|Aire urbaine de Paris}}) is a statistical area that describes the reach of commuter movement to and from Paris, France and its surrounding suburbs.
Overview
In 2020, France's national INSEE statistical bureau introduced the concept "aire d'attraction d'une ville" (functional area), replacing the former "aire urbaine" (urban area).{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c2173|title=Definition: Functional areas|publisher=INSEE|date=18 February 2021}} A functional area consists of an urban cluster{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c1411|title=Definition: Urban cluster|publisher=INSEE|date=19 February 2020}} and the surrounding commuting zone. This concept is consistent with the functional urban area as defined by Eurostat.{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4806694|title=En France, neuf personnes sur dix vivent dans l'aire d'attraction d'une ville|publisher=INSEE|date=21 October 2020|language=fr}}
Created and used from 1996 by France's national INSEE statistical bureau to match international demographic standards,{{cite book|last1=Joubert|first1=Guillaume|last2=Lebrun|first2=Vanessa|title=Histoire-Géographie Éducation civique 3e - Prépabrevet Cours & entraînement|date=Jul 2, 2014|publisher=Hatier|isbn=978-2218962431|page=117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n_LFCQAAQBAJ&q=%22aire+urbaine%22+INSEE+histoire&pg=PA117|access-date=5 April 2017|language=fr}} the aire urbaine (literally: 'urban area') was a statistical unit that described the suburban development around centres of urban growth.{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c2070|title=Definition: Urban area|publisher=INSEE|date=13 October 2016}} In 2011, the INSEE reclassified its largest aires urbaines into aires métropolitaines (literally: metropolitan areas) and grandes aires urbaines ('large urban areas').{{cite web|title=An administrative segmentation of French territory: 12 metropolitan areas, 29 large urban areas|url=https://www.insee.fr/en/statistiques/1280953|publisher=INSEE|access-date=5 April 2017}} With this change, the Paris metropolitan area became the largest in France.{{cite journal|title=Un maillage du territoire français|journal=Insee Premiere|date=January 2011|volume=1333|page=2|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/version-html/1280952/ip1333.pdf|access-date=5 April 2017|language=fr}}
In France, use of the term 'Paris metropolitan area' is limited to demographic and statistical studies, and, to date, it is not used in economic statistics — the traditional administrative subdivisions commune, département, and région are still referenced for this — though the media will employ it when referring to the electoral tendencies of France's largest cities{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}. In 2010 the government passed a law that invited France's largest city 'metropoles' to work together as an intercommunitary entities (more or less described by the INSEE concept),{{cite web|title=LOI n° 2010-1563 du 16 décembre 2010 de réforme des collectivités territoriales|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/loi/2010/12/16/IOCX0922788L/jo#JORFSCTA000023239635|website=legifrance.gouv.fr|access-date=5 April 2017}} but the lack of response by the following year moved the government to make the cooperation for many of France's largest cities obligatory, and Paris became a case study all on its own.{{cite web|title=Affirmation des Metropoles et Grand Paris|url=http://www.cheuvreux-notaires.fr/veille_juridique/nouveautesjuridiques/nju-2014-05-01_article_affirmation-metropole-et-grand-paris-dpi.pdf|access-date=5 April 2017|page=1.1|date=May 2014|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202857/http://www.cheuvreux-notaires.fr/veille_juridique/nouveautesjuridiques/nju-2014-05-01_article_affirmation-metropole-et-grand-paris-dpi.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}
This latter initiative created the "Métropole du Grand Paris" (official translation: 'Greater Paris metropolitan authority'), a Paris-centred intercommunal cooperation effort enacted from January 1, 2016.{{cite web|title=Métropole du Grand Paris - English version|url=http://www.metropolegrandparis.fr/fr/content/english-version|website=Métropole du Grand Paris|access-date=5 April 2017}} The territory it covers is much smaller than the INSEE 'Paris metropolitan area' statistical area: it includes Paris, its neighbouring three departments (or 'petite couronne'), and a few bordering communes in the departments beyond.{{cite web|title=Carte des territoires|url=http://www.metropolegrandparis.fr/fr/content/carte-des-territoires|website=Métropole du Grand Paris|access-date=5 April 2017}}
Extent
File:Paris uu ua jms.png and covered 14,518 km2.]]
File:Paris and vicinities, LandSat-5 false color satellite image, 2006-07-16.jpg satellite image of the Parisian metropolitan area.]]
As of 2022, the INSEE statistical Paris metropolitan area covers 1,929 communes.[https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/aire-attraction-des-villes-2020/001-paris Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Paris (001)], INSEE With its {{convert|18941|km2|abbr=on}}, it extends significantly beyond Paris' administrative Île-de-France region ({{convert|12012|km2|abbr=on}}).{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-001+REG-11|title=Comparateur de territoire: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Paris (001), Île-de-France (11)|publisher=INSEE|language=fr|date=2022-01-17|access-date=2022-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615101908/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-001+REG-11|archive-date=2022-06-15|url-status=dead}} Outside the Île-de-France region, it covers part of the departments Aisne, Aube, Eure, Eure-et-Loir, Loiret, Marne, Oise, Seine-Maritime and Yonne.
The Paris metropolitan area expands at each population census due to the rapid population growth in the Paris area. New communes (municipalities) surrounding Paris are included when they meet the commuter threshold required. At the 1968 census, the earliest date for which population figures were retrospectively computed for French aire urbaines, the Paris metropolitan area had 8,368,459 inhabitants in an area that only encompassed 279 communes in central Île-de-France.{{cite journal|url=https://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/estat_0336-1454_2000_num_336_1_7508.pdf|title=Mesurer un univers urbain en expansion|journal=Économie et statistique|volume=336|pages=13–14|first=Philippe|last=Julien|doi=10.3406/estat.2000.7508|language=fr|date=2000}}
By the 1999 census the Paris metropolitan area was slightly larger than Île-de-France and had 11,174,743 inhabitants in 14,518 km2. At the 2010 revision, the aire urbaine of Paris had 1,750 communes.[https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/aire-urbaine-2010/001-paris Aire urbaine 2010 de Paris (001)], INSEE
Population
The area had a population of 13,064,617 as of 2018. Nearly 20% of France's population resides in the region.
The table below shows the population growth of the Paris metropolitan area (aire urbaine), i.e. the urban area (pôle urbain) and the commuter belt (couronne périurbaine) surrounding it. (Note: the area shown in red and pink in the map above):
- 1901 : {{formatnum: 3460000}}{{cite web | url = https://demographia.com/db-parisua.htm | title = Paris Urban Area (Unite Urbaine): Population, Area & Density from 1650 | website = Demographia | author = Wendell Cox | accessdate = 25 February 2025 }}
- 1921 : {{formatnum: 5882000}}{{cite web | url = https://www.demographia.com/db-parismet1921.htm | title = Paris Urban and Suburban Population: 1921 to 1999 | website = Demographia | author = Wendell Cox | date = 24 March 2001 | accessdate = 25 February 2025 }}
- 1968 : {{formatnum:8368459}}
- 1975 : {{formatnum:9096000}}
- 1982 : {{formatnum:9362000}}
- 1990 : {{formatnum:10291851}} (1,155 communes; 9,679 km²)
- 1999 : {{formatnum:11174743}} (1,584 communes; 14,518 km²)
- 2010 : {{formatnum:12223100}}[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2044418?sommaire=2133795&geo=AU2010-001 Évolution et structure de la population en 2010: Aire urbaine 2010 de Paris (001)], INSEE (1,751 communes; 17,194 km²)
- 2018 : {{formatnum:13064617}} (1,929 communes; 18,941 km²)
See also
References
{{reflist|30em}}
External links
- {{in lang|fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718191341/http://www.ile-de-france.equipement.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/emploi2_bassinsvie2_cle0ea6d8.pdf Document about the functioning of Paris Metropolitan Area]
- {{in lang|fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20081117120915/http://www.iau-idf.fr/fileadmin/Etudes/etude_246/nr_333_31_l_extension_de_l_aire_urbaine.pdf Document about the extension of Paris Metropolitan Area]
{{Paris}}
{{Paris Metropolitan Area}}
{{World's most populous urban areas}}
{{coord missing|France}}