Parus

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{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Parus major male.jpg

| image_caption = Great tit Parus major

| taxon = Parus

| authority = Linnaeus, 1758

| type_species = Parus major (great tit)

| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = See text

| range_map = ParusMap.svg

| range_map_caption = Distribution of the species in the genus Parus. Parus bokharensis is now treated as a subspecies of P. major

}}

Parus is a genus of Old World birds in the tit family Paridae. It was formerly a large genus containing most of the 50 odd species in the family Paridae. The genus was split into several resurrected genera following the publication of a detailed molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2013.{{ cite journal | last1=Johansson | first1=U.S. | last2=Ekman | first2=J. | last3=Bowie | first3=R.C.K. | last4=Halvarsson | first4=P. | last5=Ohlson | first5=J.I. | last6=Price | first6=T.D. | last7=Ericson | first7=P.G.P. | year=2013 | title=A complete multilocus species phylogeny of the tits and chickadees (Aves: Paridae) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=69 | issue=3 | pages=852–860 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.019 | pmid=23831453| bibcode=2013MolPE..69..852J }}{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | title=Waxwings and their allies, tits & penduline tits | work=World Bird List Version 6.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/waxwings/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union| access-date= 15 February 2016 }} The genus name, Parus, is the Latin word for "tit".

Taxonomy

The genus Parus was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1 | edition=10th | page=189 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | location=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727098 }} The genus name is Latin for "tit".{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page = [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n293 293]}} Of the 12 species included in the genus by Linnaeus, the type species was designated as the great tit (Parus major) by George Robert Gray in 1840.{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1840 | title=A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus | location=London | publisher=R. and J.E. Taylor | page=23 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13668917 }}{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1986 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=12 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=70 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14482187 }}

=Species=

The genus now contains the following three species:

{{Species table |genus=Parus |authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1758 |species-count=three|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Great tit |binomial=Parus major

|image=File:Great tit (Parus major), Parc du Rouge-Cloitre, Forêt de Soignes, Brussels (26194636951).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1758 |authority-not-original=

|range= Europe

|range-image=File:Parus major distribution map.png

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Fifteen subspecies |bullets=on

|P. m. newtoni {{au|Pražák 1894.}}

|P. m. major {{au|Linnaeus 1758.}}

|P. m. excelsus {{au|Buvry 1857.}}

|P. m. corsus {{au|Kleinschmidt 1903.}}

|P. m. mallorcae {{au|von Jordans 1913.}}

|P. m. niethammeri {{au|von Jordans 1970.}}

|P. m. aphrodite {{au|Madarász 1901.}}

|P. m. terrasanctae {{au|Hartert 1910.}}

|P. m. karelini {{au|Zarudny 1910}}

|P. m. blandfordi {{au|Pražák 1894}}

|P. m. bokharensis {{au|Lichtenstein 1823}}

|P. m. turkestanicus {{au|Zarudny & Loudon 1905}}

|P. m. ferghanensis {{au|Buturlin 1912}}

|P. m. kapustini {{au|Portenko 1954}}

}}

{{Species table/row

|name= Cinereous tit |binomial=Parus cinereus

|image=File:Cinereous Tit DSC9994.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=|authority-year= |authority-not-original=yes

|range= West Asia across South Asia and into Southeast Asia.

|range-image=File:Parus cinereus distribution map.png

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Nineteen subspecies |bullets=on

| P. c. decolorans {{au|Koelz, 1939 }}

| P. c. ziaratensis {{au|Whistler, 1929 }}

| P. c. caschmirensis{{au| Hartert, EJO, 1905 }}

| P. c. planorum {{au|Hartert, EJO, 1905 }}

| P. c. vauriei {{au|Ripley, 1950 }}

| P. c. stupae {{au|Koelz, 1939 }}

| P. c. mahrattarum {{au|Hartert, EJO, 1905 }}

| P. c. templorum {{au|Meyer de Schauensee, 1946 }}

| P. c. hainanus {{au|Hartert, EJO, 1905 }}

| P. c. ambiguus {{au|(Raffles, 1822) }}

| P. c. sarawacensis {{au|Slater, HH, 1885 }}

| P. c. cinereus {{au|Vieillot, 1818 }}

| P. c. minor {{au|Temminck & Schlegel, 1848}}

| P. c. dageletensis {{au|Kuroda & Nm & Mori, 1920 )}}

| P. c. amamiensis {{au|Kleinschmidt, 1922}}

| P. c. nigriloris {{au|Hellmayr, 1900 }}

| P. c. tibetanus {{au|Hartert, EJO, 1905 }}

| P. c. commixtus {{au|Swinhoe, 1868 }}

| P. c. nubicolus {{au|Meyer de Schauensee, 1946 }}

}}

{{Species table/row

|name= Green-backed tit |binomial=Parus monticolus

|image=File:Parus monticolus.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Vigors |authority-year=1831 |authority-not-original=

|range= Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Burma, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan and Vietnam.

|range-image=File:Parus monticolus distribution map.png

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

Fossil record

Parus robustus (Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary) Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.
Parus parvulus (Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary)
Parus medius (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary)

Parus

Taxonomy

=Species=

Fossil record

References

Further reading