Pavel Fuks

Pavel (Pavlo) Fuks was born in October 1971, in Kharkiv, Ukraine. In 1994, he graduated from the Kharkiv State University, earning a degree from the Department of Economic and Social Planning. Between 1997 and 2003, Fuks pursued further education at the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, specializing in international economy.{{cite web |url=https://www.bfm.ru/person/8349 |title=Фукс Павел Яковлевич – персоны на |website=BFM.ru |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-date=2 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802164515/https://www.bfm.ru/person/8349 |url-status=live }}

Fuks began his career after relocating to Russia following his graduation. From 1995 to 1999, he served as an adviser to the chairman of the board at JSCB Prominvestbank. Following this role, from 1999 to 2000, he held the position of Vice President at CJSC Foreign Economic Corporation.{{Cite web |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/875907 |title=Фукс Павел Яковлевич |newspaper=Kommersant |date=2008-04-03 |accessdate=2022-10-14 |archive-date=2019-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822040044/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/875907 |url-status=live }}

In 2000, Fuks invested in an oil company named Nefthold LLC, which was later found to have connections with Russian politicians and government officials. By 2002, he had expanded his business interests into the construction industry. One of his initial projects was the construction of the "Kaluzhskii" shopping center, which has been operational since 2001.

In June 2008, Fuks entered negotiations with Donald Trump regarding the construction of the Trump Tower in Moscow. However, the discussions did not result in an agreement,{{cite web |url=http://vesti-ukr.com/strana/233478-pavel-fuks-rasskazal-o-perehovorakh-s-donaldom-trampom-v-2008-m-hodu |title=Павел Фукс рассказал о переговорах с Дональдом Трампом в 2008 году |date=April 7, 2017 |website=vesti-ukr.com |archive-date=April 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409002005/http://vesti-ukr.com/strana/233478-pavel-fuks-rasskazal-o-perehovorakh-s-donaldom-trampom-v-2008-m-hodu | url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/899538 |title=Дональд Трамп продаст свое имя |date=April 6, 2008 |issue=95 |pages=18 |website=Kommersant.ru |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728202504/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/899538 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://news.rambler.ru/economics/35262487-donald-tramp-planiroval-neskolko-biznes-proektov-v-rossii/?updated=news |title=Дональд Трамп планировал несколько бизнес-проектов в России |website=News.rambler.ru |date=14 November 2016 |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728220447/https://news.rambler.ru/economics/35262487-donald-tramp-planiroval-neskolko-biznes-proektov-v-rossii/?updated=news |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-08-29/trump-s-business-record-in-russia-just-got-more-humiliating |title=Trump's Business Record in Russia Is Humiliating |date=August 29, 2017 |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |access-date=9 September 2017}} and Bloomberg was unable to verify the claims of these negotiations.{{Cite news |date=2019-02-06 |title=Trump Wanted $20 Million for 2006 Moscow Deal: Developer |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-06/trump-wanted-20-million-for-2006-moscow-deal-developer-says |access-date=2023-06-02}}

By 2010, Fuks had become the largest shareholder of Sovcombank, owning a 21.83 percent stake. In March 2015, he sold his shares, which were valued at US$80 million.{{cite web |url=http://www.forbes.ru/finansy/igroki/288883-pavel-fuks-bolshe-ne-bankir |title=Павел Фукс больше не банкир |website=Forbes.ru |date=18 May 2015 |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-date=17 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917170113/http://www.forbes.ru/finansy/igroki/288883-pavel-fuks-bolshe-ne-bankir |url-status=live }} According to records from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Fuks was assigned the Russian nickname "Naemnik," translating to "mercenary" in English.

In March 2018, the London International Arbitration Court ordered the now-defunct MosCityGroup (MCG) to pay $55 million to a division of BTA Bank. In 2009, MCG had acquired a stake in the Eurasia Tower (Moscow City) from Mukhtar Ablyazov, a fugitive and former Kazakh banker who was the former owner of BTA Bank. Kenes Rakishev, the new owner of BTA Bank, stated that MCG failed to pay the second tranche of $30 million as part of a deal to purchase a 50 percent stake in the Eurasia construction project. In addition, the BTA Bank incurred £4.2 million in legal fees. Rakishev further claimed that lawyers had filed personal claims against Pavel Fuks in relation to this matter.{{cite web |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3569455 |title=MosCityGroup припомнили "Евразию" |work=Kommersant |author=Екатерина Геращенко |date=2018-03-12 |accessdate=2019-11-14 |archive-date=2020-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927115502/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3569455}}{{cite web |url=https://realty.ria.ru/20180312/1516136130.html |title=Не достроивший башню в "Москва-Сити" бизнесмен должен $55 млн БТА-банку |work=RIA Novosti |author= |date=2018-03-12 |accessdate=2019-11-14 |archive-date=2022-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512082514/https://realty.ria.ru/20180312/1516136130.html}}

In 2019, an international arrest warrant was issued for Pavel Fuks and his brother. They are wanted in both Russia and Kazakhstan for allegedly embezzling millions of dollars from the Moscow-City project.{{Cite news |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/major-questions-fincen-leak-sheds-light-on-the-hidden-money-flows-of-putin-s-russia/30855925.html |title=FinCEN Leak Sheds Light on the Hidden Money Flows Of Putin's Russia |newspaper=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |date=25 September 2020 |accessdate=2022-10-14 |last1=Krutov |first1=Mark |last2=Coalson |first2=Robert |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014161237/https://www.rferl.org/a/major-questions-fincen-leak-sheds-light-on-the-hidden-money-flows-of-putin-s-russia/30855925.html |url-status=live }}

In July 2023, an FBI whistleblower submitted a 22-page disclosure to the Senate Judiciary Committee. The disclosure reveals that the FBI assessed Fuks as a "co-opted asset" of Russian intelligence services, implicating Fuks as a tool used by Russian intelligence to further its objectives. While the disclosure does not specify a particular Russian intelligence agency, it indicates an association with the Federal Security Service (FSB), the successor to the KGB. The allegations include accusations of Fuks laundering money for Russian spies and orchestrating provocations in Ukraine to support Russian President Vladimir Putin's claim of “de-Nazification” as a pretext for the Russian invasion.{{Cite web| url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2023/09/a-new-rudy-scandal-fbi-agent-says-giuliani-was-co-opted-by-russian-intelligence/| title=A new Rudy scandal: FBI agent says Giuliani was co-opted by Russian intelligence| newspaper=Mother Jones| accessdate=2024-01-18| author=David Corn| archive-date=2024-01-18| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118183053/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2023/09/a-new-rudy-scandal-fbi-agent-says-giuliani-was-co-opted-by-russian-intelligence/| url-status=live}}{{Cite web| url=https://intpolicydigest.org/pavel-fuks-is-an-enigma-shrouded-in-mystery/| title=Pavel Fuks is an Enigma Shrouded in Mystery| date=2023-12-07| accessdate=2024-01-18| archive-date=2023-12-22| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222170733/https://intpolicydigest.org/pavel-fuks-is-an-enigma-shrouded-in-mystery/| url-status=live}}

After the Euromaidan protests and the onset of Russian aggression, Fuks developed a keen interest to invest in Ukraine in 2014.{{Cite web |url=https://www.epravda.com.ua/publications/2019/02/6/645001/ |title=Павло Фукс: Я ходив до Тимошенко за боргами Пінчука, Коломойського та Ахметова |publisher=Ekonomichna Pravda |author=Dmytro Riasnyi, Roman Kravets |language=ru |date=2019-11-06 |accessdate=2023-04-04 |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630142412/https://www.epravda.com.ua/publications/2019/02/6/645001/ |url-status=live }}

In 2017, Fuks hired Rudy Giuliani's law firm to help improve Kharkiv's public image.{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/30/us/politics/ukraine-giuliani-foreign-work.html |title=Ukraine Role Focuses New Attention on Giuliani's Foreign Work |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 2019 |last1=Vogel |first1=Kenneth P. |archive-date=2021-05-03 |access-date=2021-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503063800/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/30/us/politics/ukraine-giuliani-foreign-work.html |url-status=live }} According to Novoye Vremya, Fuks utilized Giuliani's expertise to establish an investment support office in the U.S. for Kharkiv. The New York Times reported that Fuks asserted Giuliani was hired as a lobbyist. However, Giuliani denied any knowledge of these claims and refuted involvement in lobbying activities for Fuks in the U.S.{{Cite web| url=https://intpolicydigest.org/pavel-fuks-is-an-enigma-shrouded-in-mystery/| title=Pavel Fuks is an Enigma Shrouded in Mystery| date=2023-12-07| accessdate=2023-12-22| archive-date=2023-12-22| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222170733/https://intpolicydigest.org/pavel-fuks-is-an-enigma-shrouded-in-mystery/| url-status=live}}

In January 2018, Al Jazeera published a 99-page report partly based on information from the nominal director of a Cypriot offshore company linked to Pavel Fuks. The report revealed that Fuks was negotiating the acquisition of Quickpace Limited, a Cypriot company holding $160 million in assets managed by Viktor Yanukovych, the fourth President of Ukraine, and sanctioned oligarch Serhiy Kurchenko. Consequently, in September 2015, Fuks, alongside Oleksandr Onyshchenko, acquired Quickpace Limited's frozen assets for $30 million (with Fuks holding a 33 percent stake) and a private jet.{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/07/oligarch-named-al-jazeera-investigation-faces-questioning-180730132437308.html |title=Oligarch named in Al Jazeera investigation faces questioning |publisher=Al Jazeera English |author=Will Jordan |language=en |date=2018-07-30 |accessdate=2019-07-25 |archive-date=2019-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725135609/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/07/oligarch-named-al-jazeera-investigation-faces-questioning-180730132437308.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/ru/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8-%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2/a-42083272 |title=Замороженные "деньги Януковича": что известно о тайном соглашении олигархов |publisher=Deutsche Welle |author=Alexander Golubov |language=ru |date=2018-01-09 |accessdate=2019-07-25 |archive-date=2019-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725135623/https://www.dw.com/ru/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8-%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2/a-42083272 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.epravda.com.ua/rus/news/2018/01/7/632796/ |title=Курченко продал Онищенко и Фуксу права на "деньги Януковича" расследование |work=Ukrainska Pravda |author= |language=ru |date=2018-01-07 |accessdate=2019-07-26 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508112600/https://www.epravda.com.ua/rus/news/2018/01/7/632796/ |url-status=live }}

On July 19, 2022, Fuks won a lawsuit against American lobbyist Yuri Vanetik in the U.S., obliging him to return Fuks $200 thousand and interest due to dispute over Trump 2017 inauguration events Fuks wanted to attend. Vanetik said he planned to appeal the ruling.{{Cite web |url=https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/press-release/848607.html |title=Ukrainian businessman Pavel Fuks won in the USA a lawsuit against lobbyist Yuri Vanetik |publisher=Interfax-Ukraine |language=en |date=2022-07-26 |accessdate=2022-08-03 |archive-date=2022-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801041012/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/press-release/848607.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-oligarch-lawsuit-trump-inauguration/31953596.html |title=Ukrainian Oligarch Wins U.S. Lawsuit Against Russian-American Lobbyist Over Trump Inauguration Tickets |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en |date=2022-07-21 |accessdate=2022-08-03 |archive-date=2022-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802063835/https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-oligarch-lawsuit-trump-inauguration/31953596.html |url-status=live }}

Fuks has been accused of operating false flag influence campaigns in Ukraine to benefit Russian aggression and seeking access to president Trump to allegedly ingratiate himself to Russian intelligence service, FSB. The scandals tied to Fuks role as a Russian mole range from allegations of sponsoring swastika vandalism campaigns on Ukrainian synagogue walls to hiring Rudy Giuliani to conduct lobbying campaigns, to attempting to attend presidential inaugural events.{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/oligarch-russia-ukraine-paint-swastikas-pavel-fuks-attack-invasion-putin-2022-3 |title=An oligarch bankrolled a scheme to paint swastikas in Ukraine to fuel Putin's unfounded claims about rampant Nazism, a report says |first=Grace |last=Dean |website=Business Insider |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128200044/https://www.businessinsider.com/oligarch-russia-ukraine-paint-swastikas-pavel-fuks-attack-invasion-putin-2022-3 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/businessman-paid-for-nazi-graffiti-in-ukraine-ahead-of-russian-invasion-report/ |title=Jewish businessman paid for Nazi graffiti in Ukraine before Russia invaded – report |first=Tobias |last=Siegal |website=Times of Israel |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2024-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417032919/https://www.timesofisrael.com/businessman-paid-for-nazi-graffiti-in-ukraine-ahead-of-russian-invasion-report/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/28/us/politics/how-a-shadow-foreign-policy-in-ukraine-prompted-impeachment-inquiry.html| title=How a Shadow Foreign Policy in Ukraine Prompted an Impeachment Inquiry| newspaper=Nytimes.com| date= 2019-09-28| accessdate=2025-01-27}}

In 2015–2017, the Cypriot offshore company Hartlog Limited, whose beneficiary, according to the Russian Anti-Corruption Center, is Pavel Fuks,{{Cite web|title=PEP: Hartlog Limited|url=https://pep.org.ua/en/company/13286|website=PEP.org.ua|accessdate=2024-10-06|language=en|archive-date=2019-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425132445/https://pep.org.ua/en/company/13286|url-status=live}} bought 67 % of Golden Derrick shares from Eduard Stavytsky.{{Cite web|title=Moscow never sleeps. Команда Януковича продала газовий бізнес російському мільярдеру|url=https://www.epravda.com.ua/publications/2017/02/22/621182/|website=Економічна правда|accessdate=2024-10-06|archive-date=2019-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425132441/https://www.epravda.com.ua/publications/2017/02/22/621182/|url-status=live}} Subsequently, this company was renamed East Up Petroleum LLC. The National Joint Stock Company Nadra Ukrayiny owned a 33 % stake in the authorized capital. In 2017, the State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine (the owner of Nadra Ukrayiny) transferred 16 licenses for gas fields to East Up Petroleum. In an official statement, Nadra Ukrayiny emphasized that during the entire time of participation in Golden Derrick's share, and then in East Up Petroleum, the company did not receive any dividends and did not influence the activities."{{Cite web|title=Недра страны под контролем. Минприроды больше не ликвидирует «Недра Украины»|url=https://zn.ua/ECONOMICS/nedra_strany_pod_kontrolem__minprirody_bolshe_ne_likvidiruet_nedra_ukrainy.html|website=ZN.ua|accessdate=2024-10-06}}

Public outcry was caused by the information about the complete transfer by Nadra Ukrayiny of its remaining share (33 % of the company) to Avant Trade Limited, which is also strongly associated with Pavel Fuks. In its statement, Nadra Ukrayiny stated that the sale price was UAH 12 million.{{Cite web|title=Стало відомо, скільки Фукс заплатив за українські газові родовища|url=https://www.unn.com.ua/uk/news/1785496-stalo-vidomo-skilki-fuks-zaplativ-za-ukrayinski-gazovi-rodovischa|accessdate=2024-10-06|language=uk}} Fuks himself denied that he had bought Golden Derrick.{{Cite web|title=Фукс: "Голден Деррік" я не купував ніколи. Це брехня та плітки|url=https://gordonua.com/ukr/news/money/fuks-golden-derrik-ja-ne-kupuvav-nikoli-tse-brehnja-i-plitki-719166.html|website=gordonua.com|accessdate=2024-10-06|archive-date=2024-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007103827/https://gordonua.com/ukr/news/money/fuks-golden-derrik-ja-ne-kupuvav-nikoli-tse-brehnja-i-plitki-719166.html|url-status=live}}

According to journalistic investigations, East Up Petroleum is controlled by Pavel Fuks, but indirectly, through a chain of shell companies. Thus, at the end of 2017, Golden Derrick founded a dozen and a half companies in Kyiv, which indicate exploratory drilling and production of hydrocarbons as their main activity. Subsequently, East Up Petroleum planned to transfer one or two gas production licenses to each of these companies with the further goal of a full sale of assets.{{Cite web|title=Дигери в краватках, або Як Гройсман і Яценюк борються за нафтогазові гроші|url=https://www.epravda.com.ua/publications/2018/06/27/638182/|website=Економічна правда|accessdate=2024-10-06|archive-date=2024-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007102242/https://www.epravda.com.ua/publications/2018/06/27/638182/|url-status=live}}

According to a journalist's request, in November 2018, the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine transferred to the National Police a criminal proceeding on the fact of illegal issuance of special permits for the use of subsoil of Ukraine by the State Service of Geology and Mineral Resources. In April 2018, the court authorized the PGO to seize documents from East Up Petroleum. In addition, Arkona Gas Energy is involved in the proceedings.{{Cite web|title=Прокуратура передала справу Фукса поліції|url=https://www.unn.com.ua/uk/news/1783567-prokuratura-peredala-spravu-fuksa-politsiyi|accessdate=2024-10-06|language=uk}}

On June 18, 2021, the National Security and Defense Council imposed sanctions on Fuks for his involvement in Golden Derrick.

Together with Ihor Kolomoyskyi and Vitaliy Khomutynnik, Pavel Fuks is a co-owner (18%) of Ukrnaftoburinnya, one of Ukraine's largest gas producers worth $500 million.

On 7 April 2023, the Pecherskyi District Court of Kyiv seized the corporate rights of Ukrnaftoburinnya, a gas production company. On 11 April, the same court ruled that the company's assets were transferred to the Asset Recovery and Management Agency. The company appealed this decision in court.{{Cite web| url=https://forbes.ua/company/ukrnaftoburinnya-rozbratu-chomu-derzhava-zabrala-u-kolomoyskogo-chergoviy-tsinniy-aktiv-ta-yaki-u-nogo-perspektivi-20042023-13154| title=Третя пішла. Держава забирає у Коломойського та партнерів черговий актив вартістю $500 млн. Що потрібно знати про справу навколо «Укрнафтобуріння»| date=20 April 2023| accessdate=2024-05-09| archive-date=2023-05-08| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508174925/https://forbes.ua/company/ukrnaftoburinnya-rozbratu-chomu-derzhava-zabrala-u-kolomoyskogo-chergoviy-tsinniy-aktiv-ta-yaki-u-nogo-perspektivi-20042023-13154| url-status=live}}{{Cite web| url=https://delo.ua/industry/ukrnaftoburinnya-oskarzuje-arest-i-peredacu-do-arma-korporativnix-prav-kompaniyi-415564/| title="Укрнафтобуріння" оскаржує арешт і передачу до АРМА корпоративних прав компанії| date=20 April 2023| accessdate=2024-05-09| archive-date=2023-05-08| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508174922/https://delo.ua/industry/ukrnaftoburinnya-oskarzuje-arest-i-peredacu-do-arma-korporativnix-prav-kompaniyi-415564/| url-status=live}}

Fuks was called one of the most likely buyers of Prominvestbank, controlled by Russia's Vnesheconombank.{{Cite web| url=https://ukranews.com/ua/news/534349-do-prominvestbanku-zayshly-kuratory-vid-mykytasya-ta-fuksa-ekonomist-kushniruk| title=До Промінвестбанку "зайшли" куратори від Микитася та Фукса, – економіст Кушнірук| date=6 December 2017| accessdate=2024-05-09| archive-date=2023-10-30| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030133406/https://ukranews.com/ua/news/534349-do-prominvestbanku-zayshly-kuratory-vid-mykytasya-ta-fuksa-ekonomist-kushniruk| url-status=live}} The Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine received a request from Fuchs to acquire more than 25% of the bank.{{Cite news|title=«Дочке» ВЭБа сделали новое предложение|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3299858|work=Коммерсантъ|accessdate=2019-06-14|archive-date=2019-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418024305/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3299858|url-status=live}} However, the businessman failed to obtain approval from the NBU.{{Cite web |url=https://ua.korrespondent.net/business/companies/3999984-rosiiany-zakryvauit-prominvestbank-zmi |title=Росіяни закривають Промінвестбанк - ЗМІ |accessdate=2018-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822213919/https://ua.korrespondent.net/business/companies/3999984-rosiiany-zakryvauit-prominvestbank-zmi |archive-date=2018-08-22}}

In 2018, Fuchs condemned the annexation of Crimea and Russian aggression in Donbas as criminal acts.{{Cite web|url=https://mezha.net/ua/bukvy/106545-rf-opublikovala-spisok-ukrainskikh-kompanij-i-lits-iz-sanktsionnogo-spiska/|title=РФ опубликовала список украинских компаний и лиц из санкционного списка|date=December 25, 2018|access-date=November 18, 2024|archive-date=November 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127055725/https://mezha.net/ua/bukvy/106545-rf-opublikovala-spisok-ukrainskikh-kompanij-i-lits-iz-sanktsionnogo-spiska/|url-status=live}} Consequently, on November 1, 2018, Russia imposed sanctions against 322 Ukrainian citizens, including Pavlo Fuchs.{{cite web |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/making-sense-of-russia-s-new-draconian-sanctions-on-ukraine |title=Making Sense of Russia's New Draconian Sanctions on Ukraine |first=Anders |last=Åslund |website=Atlantic Council |date=2 November 2018 |access-date=January 9, 2019}}

According to Intelligence Online and Business Insider, Ukraine had requested that Fuks be sanctioned by US and his visa was revoked at the border and he was subjected to expedited removal from U.S. in 2018.{{Cite web|url=https://www.intelligenceonline.com/corporate-intelligence/2024/03/20/pro-russia-oligarch-still-escaping-us-sanctions-despite-crackdown,110193803-eve|title=Ukraine, United States Pro-Russia oligarch still escaping US sanctions despite crackdown|date=20 March 2024|access-date=16 December 2024|archive-date=19 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119234050/https://www.intelligenceonline.com/corporate-intelligence/2024/03/20/pro-russia-oligarch-still-escaping-us-sanctions-despite-crackdown,110193803-eve|url-status=live}}

In 2019, Fuks was charged in absentia for embezzlement of funds.{{Cite web |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/14710-ukraine-imposes-sanctions-on-two-business-tycoons-with-ties-to-rudy-giuliani |title=Ukraine imposes sanctions on two business tycoons with ties to Rudy Giuliani |newspaper=Occrp.org |date= |accessdate=2022-10-14}}

In June 2021, the National Security and Defense Council (NSDC) of Ukraine issued a decision on June 18, 2021, titled "On the Application of Personal Special Economic and Other Restrictive Measures (Sanctions)."{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/06/18/7297762/ Ukraine imposes sanctions against Firtash and Fuks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204027/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/06/18/7297762/ |date=2021-06-24 }}, Ukrayinska Pravda (18 June 2021) This decision imposed sanctions against businessmen Pavel Fuchs and Dmitry Firtash, as well as against Russian high-ranking officials and oligarchs.{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/snbo-vvel-polnyy-paket-sanktsiy-protiv-firtasha-1624030282.html|title=РНБО ввела повний пакет санкцій проти Фірташа і Фукса|website=РБК-Украина|access-date=2024-11-18|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201857/https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/snbo-vvel-polnyy-paket-sanktsiy-protiv-firtasha-1624030282.html|url-status=live}} Oleksiy Danilov, Secretary of the NSDC, stated that the sanctions against Fuchs were related to Golden Derrick, a gas production company that allegedly obtained relevant licenses illegally.{{Cite news|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-zelenskyi-rnbo-sanktsii-fuks-firtash/31324424.html|title=Зеленський підписав указ про санкції проти Фірташа, Фукса, соратників Путіна|first=Радіо|last=Свобода|newspaper=Радіо Свобода|date=June 24, 2021|via=www.radiosvoboda.org|archive-date=December 29, 2024|access-date=November 18, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229163809/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-zelenskyi-rnbo-sanktsii-fuks-firtash/31324424.html|url-status=live}} The corresponding Decree of the President of Ukraine implementing this decision was signed and published on June 24, 2021.{{Cite web| url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/2662021-39265| title=УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №266/2021| accessdate=2025-01-27| archive-date=2022-12-19| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219103657/https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/2662021-39265| url-status=live}} These sanctions are set to remain in effect for three years.{{Cite web|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/06/24/7298344/|title=Зеленський ввів санкції проти Фукса, Фірташа та оточення Путіна|website=Українська правда}}

Pavel Fuchs denied any association with Golden Derrick and described the sanctions as a "personal revenge" by Oleksiy Danilov. He highlighted his longstanding partnership with Mykhailo Brodsky, beginning with their mutual involvement in the Yabloko Party. Additionally, Danilov's wife is a business partner of Brodsky's son, and together they co-own several companies. Fuchs vowed to challenge the NSDC sanctions in court.{{Cite news |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-pavlo-fuks-sankciji-oskarzhennia/31315216.html |title=NSDC sanctions: Pavel Fuks calls them "Danilov's revenge" and says he will appeal in court |website=Radio Liberty | date=2021-06-18 |accessdate=2022-05-21 |language=uk |last1=Свобода |first1=Радіо }}{{Cite web |url=https://espreso.tv/fuks-obitsyae-suditisya-cherez-sanktsii-rnbo |title=Fuks promises to sue the NSDC |website=Espreso TV | date=2021-06-18 |accessdate=2022-05-21 |language=uk}} In 2021, the publication "Obozrevatel" lost a court case against Fuchs concerning the protection of his business reputation related to the bankruptcy of "Zolota Medisna" LLC.{{Cite web|url=https://mezha.net/ua/bukvy/pavlo-fuks-vigrav-sud-ta-finansove-vidshkoduvannja-u-vidannja-obozrevatel-shhodo-zahistu-dilovoi-reputacii/|title=Павло Фукс виграв суд проти "Обозревателя" і Михайла Бродського: деталі про справу і банкрутствоПавло Фукс виграв суд проти "Обозревателя" і Михайла Бродського: деталі про справу і банкрутство|date=March 4, 2021|access-date=November 18, 2024|archive-date=June 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612113803/https://mezha.net/ua/bukvy/pavlo-fuks-vigrav-sud-ta-finansove-vidshkoduvannja-u-vidannja-obozrevatel-shhodo-zahistu-dilovoi-reputacii/|url-status=live}}

In May 2023, the SBU (Security Service of Ukraine) issued an indictment of Fuks accusing him of large-scale financial manipulations with strategic enterprises in Ukraine and systematic tax evasion.{{cite web |title=SSU serves notice of suspicion to sanctioned oligarch Pavlo Fuks |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-crime/3709848-ssu-serves-notice-of-suspicion-to-sanctioned-oligarch-pavlo-fuks.html |date=17 May 2023}} According to the SBU, Fuks using proxy managers and shell companies illegally took over assets of Ukrainian companies worth over UAH 100 billion. in 2018.{{Cite web|title=СБУ повідомила про підозру підсанкційному бізнесмену Фуксу|url=https://www.rbc.ua/rus/news/sbu-povidomila-pidozru-pidsanktsiynomu-biznesmenu-1684220399.html|website=РБК-Украина|accessdate=2023-05-26|language=uk}}

On June 24, 2024, the President of Ukraine issued a new decree that enacted a decision by the National Security Council, extending the sanctions against Pavel Fuchs for an additional ten years.{{Cite web|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2024/06/25/7462429/index.amp|title=Зеленський продовжив санкції проти Фірташа, Фукса і низки російських олігархів|website=www.pravda.com.ua|access-date=2024-11-18|archive-date=2024-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630202352/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2024/06/25/7462429/index.amp|url-status=live}}

Fuks has repeatedly been included in the rating of billionaires of the magazine, Finance. In 2011, he took 150th place in the ranking of Russian billionaires, and a capital estimate of $740 million.{{Cite web |url=http://m2011.finansmag.ru/ |title=Рейтинг российских миллиардеров 2011 |accessdate=2017-07-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605031517/http://m2011.finansmag.ru/ |archivedate=2012-06-05}} According to Focus, Fuks had a fortune of $270 million and took the 24th position in the 2017 ranking of the 100 richest people in Ukraine.{{Cite web |url=https://focus.ua/ratings/372197/ |title=100 самых богатых людей Украины. Полный список |work=Focus |date=2017-05-12 |accessdate=2019-04-24 |archive-date=2018-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831035445/https://focus.ua/ratings/372197/}}

In 2012, Fuks obtained a Tier 1 Investor visa, a UK program that granted residency to foreign nationals investing at least £1 million; the scheme initially had limited oversight.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/30/oligarch-hit-ukraine-sanctions-uk-residency-golden-visa-pavel-fuks|title=Oligarch hit by Ukrainian sanctions has UK residency and was given 'golden visa'|first=Tom|last=Burgis|date=June 30, 2023|newspaper=The Guardian}} In 2017, he was granted indefinite leave to remain in the United Kingdom.

In 2014, Fuks was made the Honorary Citizen of Kharkov Gennady Kernes.{{Cite web |url=http://www.city.kharkov.ua/ru/news/viznacheni-pochesni-kharkivyani-2014-roku-24931.html |title=Определены почётные харьковчане 2014 года |access-date=2017-07-19 |archive-date=2017-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703225959/http://www.city.kharkov.ua/ru/news/viznacheni-pochesni-kharkivyani-2014-roku-24931.html}} As a result, a controversy was created and the following day the honor was revoked.

Fuks had Russian citizenship, but in June 2021, he indicated that he had renounced it. Fuks claims that in 2017, he had handed over his Russian passport at the consular department of the Russian Embassy in Ukraine.

Fuks has regularly aided Kharkiv, having taken part in the restoration of the Kharkiv Philharmonic Society and construction of the Church of the Holy Queen Tamara and a monument to the mythical founder of Kharkiv, cossack Kharko.{{Cite web |url=https://rus.lb.ua/file/person/3834_fuks_pavel_.html |title=Фукс Павел |access-date=2025-01-22 |archive-date=2024-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912175752/https://rus.lb.ua/file/person/3834_fuks_pavel_.html |url-status=live }}

He has supported athletes, including giving Ukrainian freestyle skier Oleksandr Abramenko and his mentor and senior coach of the Ukrainian national team, Enver Ablaev, certificates for 50 thousand dollars each for their achievements in Pyeongchang at the XXIII Olympic Winter Games.{{Cite news |url=http://noc-ukr.org/news/16260/ |title=Olympic champion in freestyle skiing Oleksandr Abramenko and coach Enver Ablaev received NOC awards |website=National Olympic Committee of Ukraine |date=March 13, 2018 |access-date=27 February 2019 |language=uk |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226111350/http://noc-ukr.org/news/16260/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/sport/491599.html |title=Businessman Pavel Fuks handed the Olympic champion Oleksandr Abramenko and his coach 50 thousand dollars each |website=Interfax-Ukraine |date=March 13, 2018 |access-date=27 February 2019 |language=ru |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226172836/https://interfax.com.ua/news/sport/491599.html |url-status=live }}

{{Main|Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center}}

Fuks was the co-organizer of the construction of the Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center, which was projected to cost an estimated US$50 to 100 million.{{Cite news |url=http://podrobnosti.ua/2196933-milliarder-fuks-rasskazal-o-stroitelstve-memoriala-babego-jara.html |title=Миллиардер Фукс рассказал о строительстве мемориала Бабьего Яра |date=September 4, 2017 |website=Podrobnosti.ua |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904170943/http://podrobnosti.ua/2196933-milliarder-fuks-rasskazal-o-stroitelstve-memoriala-babego-jara.html |url-status=live }} According to Fuks, the structure of the memorial will include educational programs, a research center and a museum.{{cite web |title=Фукс: Если мы сосредоточимся на политике, то мемориал в Бабьем Яру вряд ли когда-нибудь построят |url=http://gordonua.com/publications/fuks-esli-my-sosredotochimsya-na-politike-to-memorial-v-babem-yaru-vryad-li-kogda-nibud-postroyat-199758.html |access-date=9 September 2017 |website=Gordonua.com}}

On 19 March 2017, the supervisory board of the Memorial Center for the Holocaust "Babi Yar" was established, and included Pavel Fuks, the Mayor of Kyiv Vitali Klitschko and his brother, the professional boxer Wladimir Klitschko. The board also included the shareholders of the consortium "Alfa Group" Mikhail Fridman and German Khan, among others.{{cite web |url=http://www.babiyar.org/en/news-eng/127-the-supervisory-board-of-the-babi-yar-holocaust-memorial-center-has-been-established.html |title=The Supervisory Board of the Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center has been established |website=Babiyar.org |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-date=September 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904113421/http://babiyar.org/en/news-eng/127-the-supervisory-board-of-the-babi-yar-holocaust-memorial-center-has-been-established.html |url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=https://ukranews.com/en/news/510960-people-of-different-views-and-nationalities-are-brought-together-by-a-common-goal-to-build-the |title=People of different views and nationalities are brought together by a common goal – to build the memorial in Babi Yar, – Pavel Fuks |website=Ukranews.com |date=31 July 2017 |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-date=15 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215102747/https://ukranews.com/en/news/510960-people-of-different-views-and-nationalities-are-brought-together-by-a-common-goal-to-build-the |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/international/348756-in-ukraine-its-time-for-a-holocaust-memorial-at-babi-yar/ |title=In Ukraine, it's time for a Holocaust memorial at Babi Yar |first=Christine |last=Ayala |date=August 31, 2017 |website=Thehill.com |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-date=5 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905045343/http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/international/348756-in-ukraine-its-time-for-a-holocaust-memorial-at-babi-yar |url-status=live }}

Critics of the project, such as Ukrainian Jewish dissident, leader and president of Association of Jewish Communities of Ukraine, Yosyf Zisels, characterized the project as a Russian Trojan Horse.{{cite web |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/lifestyle/russian-sponsored-babyn-yar-memorial-faces-tough-criticism.html |title=Russian-sponsored Babyn Yar memorial faces tough criticism |newspaper=Kyiv Post | date=2021-10-09 |accessdate=2022-09-25}}{{cite web |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2021/04/03/putins-trojan-horse-in-ukraine-babyn-yar-and-holocaust-memorialization/ |title=Putin's "Trojan horse" in Ukraine – Babyn Yar and Holocaust memorialization |newspaper=Euromaidan Press | date=2021-04-03 |accessdate=2022-09-25}} In 2021, after the levying of sanctions by the National Security Council of Ukraine against Pavel Fuks for his role in illegally obtaining licenses for the extraction of minerals from Ukraine,{{cite web |url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/751511.html |title=Фукс выходит из набсовета мемориального центра "Бабий Яр" |newspaper=Interfax-Ukraine | accessdate=2022-09-25}} the Babi Yar Supervisory Council announced that he had temporarily left the supervisory board with plans to return if the sanctions get lifted.{{cite web |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2021/06/22/7298100/ |title=Фукс из-за санкций уходит с Набсовета комплекса "Бабий Яр" |newspaper=Ukrainska Pravda | accessdate=2022-09-25}}

On August 6, 2014, the Kharkiv City Council awarded the title of “Honorary Citizen of Kharkiv” to two Russian citizens - Pavel Fuks and businessman and senator Alexander Shishkin, who supported Russia's annexation of Crimea and military invasion of Ukraine.{{Cite web | url=https://zn.ua/ukr/POLITICS/z-podachi-kernesa-pochesnim-harkiv-yaninom-stav-senator-rf-yakiy-golosuvav-za-aneksiyu-krimu-148169_.html| title=З подачі Кернеса почесним харків'янином став сенатор РФ, який голосував за анексію Криму| accessdate=2025-02-04}} Both were nominated by the then pro-Russian{{Cite web | url=https://nv.ua/ukr/publications/harkiv-bilshe-ne-afishuje-prorosijski-simpatiji-ale-i-ne-virit-u-jevropu-97127.html| title=Харків більше не афішує проросійські симпатії, але й не вірить у Європу| accessdate=2025-02-04}} mayor of Kharkiv, Hennadiy Kernes, at the suggestion of the Moscow Patriarchate Church as patrons of the construction of its churches in Kharkiv.

The decision of the city council was made despite protests from the public, which picketed its meetings, due to the fact that most of the deputies belonged to the faction of the pro-Russian Party of Regions, which was later banned in Ukraine. After the failed vote to exclude the Russians from the list of honorary citizens, the opposition in the Kharkiv City Council appealed the awarding of the title to Fuks and Shishkin to the prosecutor's office.{{Cite web | url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-other_news/1693085-harkivski_deputati_oskargat_pochesti_rosiyskomu_deputatu_i_milyarderu_1961537.html| title=Харківські депутати оскаржать почесті російському депутату і мільярдеру| accessdate=2025-02-04}}

Following a protest by the Kharkiv prosecutor, the decision of the Kharkiv City Council was first suspended and then canceled in court. However, in December 2014, the city council won the appeal. The legal proceedings lasted for several years, and after Fuks became a Ukrainian citizen, they began to concern only Shishkin.

In August 2023, Kharkiv Mayor Ihor Terekhov, in response to public criticism, agreed that the list of honorary citizens of the city should be revised. However, "in times of war", he said, a discussion about this was "impossible and unnecessary". At the same time, the Kharkiv City Council refused to publish information on the awarding of scholarships to "honorary citizens".{{Cite web | url=https://glavcom.ua/country/politics/skandal-u-kharkovi-948002.html| title=Клочкова, Фукс, Ярославський. Терехов знайшов виправдання, чому платить стипендії одіозним персонам| date= 2023-08-09| accessdate=2025-02-04}} After that, Pavlo Fuks released a statement saying that he had never received funds from the city budget in the status of an "Honorary Citizen of Kharkiv". However, this information can be neither proved nor disproved.

He also has a number of awards from different Ukrainian military and intelligence services (SBU, GUR, UAF, and National Guardian brigades, etc.) for regular donations.

{{Reflist}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20170905192602/https://pavelfuks.com/ Official website]
• [https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=241715027&privcapId=39437594&previousCapId=39437594&previousTitle=MOS%20CITY%20GROUP Pavel Yakovlevich Fuks executive profile]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fuks, Pavel}}

Category:1971 births

Category:Businesspeople from Kharkiv

Category:Businesspeople in construction

Category:Former Russia citizens

Category:Living people

Category:People who renounced Russian citizenship

Category:Ukrainian bankers

Category:Ukrainian emigrants to Russia

Category:Ukrainian investors

Category:Ukrainian Jews

Category:Ukrainian oligarchs

Category:Ukrainian philanthropists

Category:Ukrainian emigrants to the United Kingdom