Pernis (bird)

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}

{{automatic taxobox

| image = Pernis apivorus by John Gould improved.jpg

| image_caption = European honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus)

| taxon = Pernis

| authority = Cuvier, 1816

| type_species = Falco apivorus{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=36 |title= Accipitridae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-26}}

| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision =

P. apivorus

P. ptilorhynchus

P. celebensis

P. steerei

}}

Pernis is a genus of birds in the raptor subfamily Perninae. Its members are commonly known as honey buzzards. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek pernes περνης, a term used by Aristotle for a bird of prey.{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher=Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n51 51]}}

They breed in temperate and warmer climates of the Old World, and are specialist feeders on wasp and bee larvae. The two temperate species, the European and crested honey buzzards, are migratory.

They breed in woodland, and are often inconspicuous except when displaying.

The members of this genus have plumage which mimics that of juvenile common buzzards or of Nisaetus hawk-eagles. It has been suggested that the similarity has arisen as a partial protection against predation by larger raptors such as goshawks, which may be wary about attacking what appears to be a better-protected species with stronger bill and talons than the honey buzzards actually possess.

Species

It consists of four medium-sized, broad-winged species.

{{Species table |genus= Pernis |authority-name=Cuvier |authority-year= 1816|species-count=four|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}

{{Species table/row

|name=European honey buzzard or Eurasian honey buzzard |binomial=Pernis apivorus

|image=File:Wespenbussard European honey buzzard Pernis apivorus, crop.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1758 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= migratory: breeding Europe and western Asia, wintering Africa

|range-image=File:PernisApivorusIUCN2018 2.png

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Crested honey buzzard, eastern or oriental honey-buzzard |binomial=Pernis ptilorhynchus

|image=File:Oriental Honey-buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus)- Male at Kolkata I IMG 7451.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Temminck |authority-year=1821 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Southeast Asia

|range-image=

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Six subspecies |bullets=on

| P. p. orientalis – migratory: northern Asia in summer, India to Indonesia and Philippines in winter

| P. p. ruficollis – India to Indo-China

| P. p. torquatus – Indo-Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo

| P. p. ptilorhynchus – Java

| P. p. palawanensisPalawan

| P. p. philippensis – Philippines

}}

}}

{{Species table/row

|name= Barred honey buzzard|binomial=Pernis celebensis

|image=File:Roofvogel op een uitzichtpunt langs de weg van Makassar naar Singkang, KITLV 159965.tiff|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Wallace |authority-year=1868 |authority-not-original=

|range= Sulawesi.

|range-image=

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Philippine honey buzzard |binomial=Pernis steerei

|image=File:Philippine Honey Buzzard, Mindanao, Philippines.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=WL Sclater |authority-year=1919 |authority-not-original=

|range= Philippines.

|range-image=

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Two subspecies |bullets=on

| P. s. winkleriLuzon island (in The Philippines)

| P. s. steerei – southern Philippines

}}

}}

{{Species table/end}}

Comparing sequences from a short subsection of the mitochondrial cytb gene, Gamulf and Haring found five clades: apivorus, steerei–winkleri, celebensis, philippensis–orientalis–ruficollis, and torquatus–ptilorhynchus–palawanensis. They proposed splitting the steerei–winkleri group from P. celebensis into a new species Pernis steerei, but felt that splitting Pernis ptilorhynchus would be "premature" given the lack of morphological differences.{{cite journal|last1=Gamauf|first1=A.|last2=Haring|first2=E.|title=Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Honey-buzzards (genera Pernis and Henicopernis)|journal=Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research|date=2004|volume=42|issue=2|pages=145–153|doi=10.1111/j.1439-0469.2004.00250.x|doi-access=free}} [http://www.globalraptors.org/grin/researchers/uploads/350/gamauf_and_haring_2004_pernis.pdf PDF]

Despite the name "crested honey buzzard", the subspecies P. p. orientalis, P. p. philippensis, and P. p. palawanensis all lack crests.

References

  • British Birds, volume 99, March 2006
  • Ferguson-Lees, Christie, Franklin, Mead and Burton Raptors of the World {{ISBN|0-7136-8026-1}}
  • Gensbøl, Benny (1989). Collins guide to the Birds of Prey of Britain and Europe North Africa and the Middle East, William Collins Sons and Co Ltd. {{ISBN|0-00-219176-8}}

Notes

{{Commons category|Pernis}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Accipitrimorphae|A.|state=collapsed}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q6377551}}

Category:Bird genera

Category:Birds of prey of Eurasia

Category:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier