Peruvian cruiser Lima

On 14 February 1879, the Chilean ironclads {{ship|Chilean ironclad|Almirante Cochrane||2}} and {{ship|Chilean ironclad|Blanco Encalada||2}} entered Antofagasta and initiated the War of the Pacific, between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance.{{sfn|Sondhaus|2004|page=145}} As the war ensued, the Peruvian government attempted to source new warships from Europe and discovered two suitable merchant vessels under construction in Germany for a Portuguese client. It was claimed that the ships were ordered by the Greek government but under suspicion that the order may have come from Peru, which was a belligerent country, and that the ships were to be armed, the German government detained the ships. The Peruvian authorities then attempted to get the ships sold to the firm of Henry Lambert in London, under the subterfuge that the client was the French government. Once again, Peruvian influence was suspected and the ships were again retained.{{sfn|Grant|2007|page=121}} At the end of the war, the bankrupt Peruvian government could no longer afford two large vessels. One, the planned Diogenes, was sold to finance the other, which was completed as Lima.{{sfn|English|1984|page=381}} Diogenes was to have been named Callao in Peruvian service but eventually, in 1898, became the US Navy gunboat {{USS|Topeka|PG-35|2}}.{{sfn|Silverstone|2013|page=71}}

As completed. Lima was a unprotected cruiser built of iron with a straight bow. Displacing {{convert|1700|t|lk=on}}, the vessel had an overall length of {{convert|77.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}} and a beam of {{convert|10.67|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} at the waterline. Draught was {{convert|4.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}} forward and {{convert|4.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}} aft.{{sfn|Rodríguez Asti|2000|page=72}} Mean draught was {{convert|4.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}} at deep load. Power was provided by compound marine steam engines with horizontally mounted cylinders that drove two propeller shafts. The engine was rated at {{convert|1800|ihp|lk=on}}.{{sfn|Lyon|1979|page=419}} Steam was provided by two double-ended and two single-ended Scotch boilers.{{sfn|The Panama Canal Record|1920|page=1}} They vented through two funnels and were powered by coal, with {{convert|335|t}} of fuel carried. The engines gave a design speed of {{convert|16.2|kn|1}}. This was complemented by a two-masted schooner rig.{{sfn|Lyon|1979|page=419}}{{sfn|Lloyds Register of British and Foreign Shipping|1892|page=44}} As originally envisaged, the vessel would have been rigged as a brig.{{sfn|Silverstone|2013|page=71}}

Lima was completed as a cruiser with an armament of two single {{convert|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} Armstrong rifled breech loading guns and three single {{convert|47|mm|in|abbr=on}} Nordenfelt 3-pounder guns. The main armament was mounted in single mounts fore and aft behind shields.{{sfn|Lyon|1979|page=419}} The vessel was later rearmed in 1901. The main armament was replaced by Vickers BL 4-inch Mk VIII naval gun quick-firing guns and an additional five 3-pounder guns were mounted.{{sfn|Rodríguez Asti|2000|page=72}} Each main gun weighed {{convert|1.7|t}} and could propel a {{convert|31|lb|abbr=on}} shell at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|2950|ft/s|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Friedman|2011|page=315}} The cruiser had a complement of 150 sailors of all ranks.{{sfn|Lloyds Register of British and Foreign Shipping|1892|page=44}}

Lima was originally constructed by Howaldts of Kiel, Germany as a merchant ship and named Socrates.{{sfn|Grant|2007|page=121}} The vessel was launched in December 1880.{{sfn|Rodríguez Asti|2000|page=72}} Purchased by the Chilean government in 1881, the vessel was initially to be converted into a gunboat and renamed by the German firm but this proved impossible due to restrictions placed on Peru as a belligerent nation.{{sfn|Rodríguez Asti|2000|page=55}} In 1882, the Japanese government approached the Chilean government to potentially purchase the vessel, along with sister ship Diogenese, for 1,2287,160 Japanese yen but this was turned down.{{sfn|Milanovich|2004|pages=53–54}} Instead, the vessel was transferred to Britain and conversion to a cruiser was completed by Thames Ironworks.{{sfn|Arnold|2000|page=110}} The vessel was completed in 1885 once the War of the Pacific had finished but, due to financial constraints, did not enter service until 1889.{{sfn|English|1984|page=381}}{{sfn|Rodríguez Asti|2000|page=7}}

On commissioning, Lima became the navy's flagship and remained the largest ship in the navy for more than twenty years.{{sfn|Sondhaus|2004|page=146}} The vessel was based in Callao and formed the core of the Peruvian fleet ({{lang|es|Escuadra}}) under the Callao Maritime Department.{{sfn|Stoker|McMaster|2017|page=69}} Due to the threat of a war with Ecuador on 4 April 1910, the cruiser was briefly mobilised but there was no conflict and so the vessel saw no action.{{sfn|Noel|1910|page=14}} The vessel was fitted with wireless telegraphy by Guillermo Wiese de Osma in 1911.{{sfn|Noel|1911|page=43}} In November 1919, the vessel was taken to at Balboa in the Panama Canal Zone for repairs, including rebuilding the boilers and fitting a new wireless telegraph, the previous one having been previously removed. The work was completed on 8 March 1920 and the vessel sailed back to Callao.{{sfn|The Panama Canal Record|1920|page=1}} The warship was subsequently used as a transport and then as a submarine depot.{{sfn|Lyon|1979|page=419}}

In May 1933, the warship, now acting as a gunboat, was briefly deployed during the Colombia–Peru War. Along with the similarly outdated destroyer Teniente Rodriguez, the gunboat sailed through the Panama Canal and up the Amazon River to Iquitos to act as a floating battery.{{sfn|Scheina|1987|page=122}}{{sfn|English|1984|page=382}}{{sfn|Rodríguez Asti|2000|page=67}} This proved to be one of the last voyages of significance the vessel was to take. Lima was retired in 1937 and sold to be broken up in 1940.{{sfn|Rodríguez Asti|2000|page=72}}{{sfn|Lyon|1979|page=419}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lima}}

Category:1881 ships

Category:Cruisers of the Peruvian Navy

Category:Ships built in Kiel