Petalura gigantea

{{short description|Species of dragonfly}}

{{Redirect|Giant dragonfly|text=It's also the colloquial name of the extinct prehistoric griffinfly}}

{{Speciesbox

|image=Petalura gigantea 105547015.jpg

|taxon=Petalura gigantea

|authority=Leach, 1815{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28685465|title=The zoological miscellany : being descriptions of new, or interesting animals|last=Leach|first=William|publisher=Printed by B. McMillan for E. Nodder & Son|year=1815|volume=2|location=London|pages=96|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.41372|via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}

|range_map=Petalura gigantea distribution map.svg

}}

Petalura gigantea, the giant dragonfly or south-eastern petaltail,{{Cite book|title=The Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia|last1=Theischinger|first1=Günther|last2=Hawking|first2=John|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|year=2006|isbn=978-0-64309-073-6|location=Collingwood, Victoria, Australia|pages=108}} is a species of dragonfly in the family Petaluridae from southeastern Australia.{{Cite web|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Petalura_gigantea|title=Species Petalura gigantea Leach, 1815|date=2012|website=Australian Faunal Directory|publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study|access-date=19 December 2017}} Males have body length of {{cvt|6-7.5|cm}} and a wingspan up to {{cvt|11|cm}}, while females have body length of {{cvt|8-9|cm}} and a wingspan up to {{cvt|12.5|cm}}. This makes it a very large species of dragonfly, although it is exceeded by a few other species, including the closely related northeast Australian giant petaltail (P. ingentissima).

The giant dragonfly occurs along the east coast of New South Wales, ranging from the northern part of the state to the Victorian border region, and is not found west of the Great Dividing Range. There are known occurrences in the Blue Mountains and Southern Highlands, in the Clarence River catchment, and on a few coastal swamps from north of Grafton to Nadgee in the south.{{Cite web|url=https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspeciesapp/profile.aspx?id=10600|title = Giant Dragonfly - profile | NSW Environment, Energy and Science}} The giant dragonfly is listed as endangered under the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act.{{Cite web|url=https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/threatened-species/nsw-threatened-species-scientific-committee/determinations/final-determinations/2004-2007/giant-dragonfly-petalura-gigantea-endangered-species-listing-amendment|title=Giant dragonfly (Petalura gigantea) - minor amendment determination|date=9 June 2021 }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/GiantDragonflyEndSpListing.htm|title = Determinations| date=5 August 2022 }} This listing was transferred to the equivalent schedules under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (NSW) from August 2017.

The giant dragonfly is unusual not only in size, but also in having predominantly terrestrial habits at the larval stage. It usually rests in sedges or shrubs while in mating and this usually occurs within a wetland area or an ecosystem based on peat (the accumulation of decayed vegetation or organic matter).International Journal of Odonatology, 2014. Vol. 17, No. 4, 223–236, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2014.979333