Peter Hawker

Born in London to Colonel Peter Ryves Hawker and Mary Wilson Hawker (née Yonge), Peter Hawker was educated at Eton and entered military service in 1801 by purchasing a commission as a cornet in The Royal Dragoons (1st Dragoons), soon gaining purchased promotion to captain. Hawker notes in his diary that: "I was a Captain of Dragoons soon after I was seventeen years old, but paid dearer for it than anyone in the service."{{Cite book |first=Peter |last=Hawker |title=The Diary of Colonel Peter Hawker, 1802–1853 |volume=1 |year=1893|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/diaryofcolonelpe01hawk |via=Internet Archive}}

Hawker served with the 14th Light Dragoons under the Duke of Wellington during the Peninsular War. He led his squadron in the Battle of Douro (6 May 1809), his regiment thereby earning the battle honour "Douro" for its colours. He received a serious thigh wound in the following Battle of Talavera (28 July 1809), was declared unfit, and so resigned and sold his commission. In recognition of his service, Hawker was awarded a modest annual pension of £100. Despite his injuries and consequent ill health, he was later able in 1815 to accept an active commission as major of the North Hampshire Militia; he was recommended for the post by the then Duke of Clarence, heir to the throne and future King William IV. Hawker was made a lieutenant-colonel of the militia in 1821 and ultimately became deputy lieutenant for his county.

Hawker is best known today for his published works on the sporting activities of shooting, wildfowling and fishing. Hawker published his "Advice to Young Sportsmen" in 1814, a popular work with nine impressions in his lifetime, the latest paper edition appearing in 1975. Forty years after Hawker's death, an Australian book reviewer stated, "Probably no book on the subject of sport ever enjoyed so wide or so long sustained a popularity as the Instructions to Young Sportsmen".{{Cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article133315264 |title=Sporting Intelligence |work=Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate|location=Newcastle, NSW |date=9 December 1893 |accessdate=16 July 2015 |page=11 |via=National Library of Australia}}

Hawker kept a regular diary which contains observations of Europe before and after the Napoleonic period and of wild-fowling, game-bird shooting and detailed hunting techniques and conditions prevalent in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His diary, printed in an abridged form in two volumes, became a popular work. The most recent paper edition appeared in 1988. Hawker also published an originally anonymous memoir of the Peninsula War.{{Cite book |title=Journal of a Regimental Officer During the Recent Campaign in Portugal and Spain under Lord Viscount Wellington|first=Peter|last=Hawker|year=1810|publisher=J. Johnson|location=London}}

Hawker's attitudes to guns and shooting have been criticised and parodied from a modern viewpoint in The Economist (in connection with teaching children how to shoot),{{Cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/node/457168|newspaper=The Economist |location=London |title=Playing with fire |date=21 December 2000 |accessdate=15 July 2015}} and in The Times (as being overly bloodthirsty).{{Cite news |title=Why Shoot Coot? |work=The Times |location=London |date=5 February 1966 |page=11 |issue=56548}} He was even mildly criticised by Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey, who described Hawker as "something of an egotist" albeit a "good-natured" one) in the introduction to the 1893 edition of the diary. Colin Laurie McKelvie, in a forward to the 1988 edition of the diary, found Hawker's personality "unattractive" and observed that he "appears unacceptably self-absorbed, cock-sure and downright arrogant." McKelvie mitigates this criticism with praise for Hawker's knowledge, fairness, energy and enthusiasm.

Hawker was a keen amateur musician, studying the piano under Henri Bertini and regularly playing the organ at his local church.{{Cite news |title=Appeal for twelfth-century church |work=The Times |date=3 November 1958 |page=12 |issue=54298}} This interest in music was not limited to playing. He devised and patented a device to assist in piano teaching: his "hand moulds".{{Cite book |chapter=Specification of the Patent granted to Peter Hawker, of Long-Parish House, near Andover, in the County of Hants, Major in the Army; for a Machine, Instrument, or Apparatus to assist in the Attainment of proper Performance on the Piano-Forte, or other keyed Instruments |title=The Repertory of Patent Inventions: And Other Discoveries and Improvements in Arts, Manufactures, and Agriculture |first1=G. |last1=Wilkie |first2=T. |last2=Wilkie |year=1821 |volume=39 |page=266}}

File:Peter_Hawker_and_Joe_Manton.jpg 1 September 1827.]]

Hawker's inventiveness extended to the development of "detonating" firearms – the percussion lock) and punt gunning. He also claims in his diary to have invented a "smokeless chimney". Hawker was a firm friend of the noted gunsmith Joe Manton, using Manton's guns, taking an interest in their design, and participating in the manufacture of some of his own commissions.

Hawker designed a breech-loading swivel gun mounted on a four-wheeled carriage, a model of which was reportedly on display at the Rotunda, Woolwich.{{Cite book |title=A History of Firearms: From Earliest Times to 1914 |first=W. Y. |last=Carman |year=2004 |publisher=Dover Publications |location=Mineola, NY |page=74 |isbn=978-0-486-43390-5 |edition=Reprint |orig-year=1955}}

In later life Hawker designed a "military musket" and commissioned the manufacture of several prototypes at his own expense. Hawker's musket was favourably received by the Board of Ordnance, but it was not adopted, being set aside in preference to the Enfield Rifle-Musket, although elements of Hawker's design were incorporated into the final version of the Enfield.{{Cite book |first=Peter |last=Hawker |title=The Diary of Colonel Peter Hawker, 1802-1853 |volume=2 |year=1893 |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/diaryofcolonelpe02hawk |via=Internet Archive}}

Hawker was married first in 1811 to Julia, only daughter of Major Hooker Barttelot, making the family home in Longparish with a cottage in Keyhaven. After Julia's death in 1844, Hawker married Helen Susan Symonds (née Chatterton), herself a widow. Colonel Hawker had two sons and two daughters by his first wife. Hawker's granddaughter, Mary Elizabeth Hawker, was a noted late Victorian author under the pseudonym "Lanoe Falconer".{{Cite ODNB |author=Elizabeth Lee, rev. Megan A. Stephan |id=33768 |title=Hawker, Mary Elizabeth (1848–1908)}} Hawker's cottage in Keyhaven, Hampshire, still stands as "Hawker's Cottage", immediately north of the Gun Inn public house, which reportedly was named originally to mark Hawker's punt-gunning exploits.{{Cite web |url=http://www.milfordonsea.org/#/famous-residents-2/4535124263 |work=Milford on Sea |title=Milford on Sea Famous Residents |accessdate=15 July 2015}}

Hawker was Lanoe Hawker's great-grandfather through Lanoe's mother.Burke's Landed Gentry, 13th ed., edited by A. Winton Thorpe, 1921, p. 565.A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Colonial Gentry, vol. II, ed. Ashworth P. Burke, 1895, pp. 776–777.

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• {{Cite book |title=Instructions to Young Sportsmen In All That Relates to Guns and Shooting |first=Peter |last=Hawker |edition=5th |year=1826 |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green |location=London |via=Internet Archive |url=https://archive.org/details/instructionstoyo00hawkrich}}

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Category:1786 births

Category:1853 deaths

Category:19th-century English diarists

Category:19th-century English male writers

Category:English hunters

Category:English sportswriters

Category:British male sport shooters

Category:People educated at Eton College

Category:Writers from London

Category:British Army personnel of the Peninsular War

Category:English inventors

Category:Hampshire and Isle of Wight Militia officers

Category:Military personnel from London

Category:Deputy lieutenants of Hampshire