Peter MacCallum

{{about|the Australian oncologist|the cancer centre commonly called The Peter Mac|Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre}}

{{Infobox person

| honorific-prefix = Sir

| name = Peter MacCallum

| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=UK|size=100%|sep=,|MC|FRSE|FRCPE}}

| image =

| alt =

| caption =

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{birth date|1885|07|14|df=y}}

| birth_place = Glasgow, Scotland

| death_date = {{death date and age|1974|03|04|1885|07|14|df=y}}

| death_place = {{VICcity|Kew}}, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

| nationality = Scottish-born Australian

| other_names =

| occupation = Oncologist

| years_active = 1924–1963

| known_for = {{bulleted list|Co-founder, Victorian Cancer Institute (1949)|Chairman, Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria (1946–1963)|Chairman, Australian Red Cross (1951–1957)}}

| notable_works =

| employer = University of Melbourne

| alma_mater = University of Edinburgh

| module =

| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage |Bella Dytes McIntosh Cross|1919|1927|end=d.}}|{{marriage |Ursula Lillie Grace|1928|1941|end=d.}}|{{marriage |Frieda Maud Davies|1946|1953|end=d.}}}}

{{Infobox military person

| embed = yes

|allegiance = {{unbulleted list|{{UK|Army}} (WWI)|{{AUS|Army}} (WWII)}}

|branch = {{unbulleted list|Royal Army Medical Corps (WWI)|{{army|Australia}} (WWII)}}

|branch_label = Branch

|serviceyears =

|serviceyears_label =

|rank = Lieutenant colonel

|rank_label = Rank

|servicenumber =

|unit =

|commands = Australian Army Medical Corps (WWII)

|battles = {{unbulleted list|World War I|World War II}}

|battles_label = Battles

|awards = Military Cross

|memorials =

}}

Sir Peter MacCallum {{post-nominals|country=UK|sep=,|MC|FRSE|FRCPE}} (14 July 1885 – 4 March 1974) was a Scottish-born Australian oncologist and the co-founder and eponym of the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne.{{cite web|last=|first=|date=2020|title=Our history|url=https://www.petermac.org/about/our-history|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121044118/https://www.petermac.org/about/our-history|archive-date=21 January 2021|access-date=1 June 2021|website=Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre|language=en}}

Background and early life

Peter MacCallum was born in Glasgow, Scotland on 14 July 1885.{{cite AuDB|id=A150201b|title=MacCallum, Sir Peter (1885–1974)|accessdate=10 April 2018}} He was the son of Peter MacCallum, a New Zealander, living at Gairfield House in the Maryhill district of Glasgow.Glasgow Post Office Directory 1885-6

The family returned to New Zealand in his youth and he was raised in Christchurch, his father's home town. He was sent to work at the age of 12. He was able to return to school and continued his entire education through a series of scholarships and part-time work, including working his way back to the United Kingdom as a coal trimmer. He eventually obtained an MB ChB back in Scotland at the University of Edinburgh in 1914, just in time to join the British Army in France.

Career

During the First World War, he was awarded the Military Cross and was twice mentioned in dispatches. In 1918, he was badly gassed, and perhaps it was a result of ill health that his postwar career concentrated on pathology and research.

In 1924, he was appointed to the Chair of Pathology at the University of Melbourne. Typically, he soon directed his energy and concern to one of the greatest medical challenges, the fight against cancer. In 1928, he was appointed to the royal commission into the Bundaberg tragedy, chaired by Charles Kellaway, which concluded that a diphtheria vaccine manufactured by Commonwealth Serum Laboratories had been contaminated with Staph. aureus.{{cite journal|title=Bundaberg's Gethsemane: the tragedy of the inoculated children|first1=Harry|last1=Akers|first2=Suzette|last2=Porter|journal=Royal Historical Society of Queensland Journal|volume=20|number=7|year=2008|pages=261–278|url=https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:152716/UQ_PV_152716.pdf}}

In 1935, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Anderson Gray McKendrick, William Frederick Harvey, Thomas Jones Mackie and Alfred Joseph Clark. In the Second World War he served at the rank of Lieutenant colonel as the Director of Pathology to the Australian Army Medical Corps and from 1941 was the chief co-ordinator of Australian medical personnel.{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf|access-date=19 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074135/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}

As Chairman of the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria from 1946 to 1963, he was influential in the formation of the Victorian Cancer Institute in 1949. The first outpatient clinic opened in 1950 bore his name and the Institute was renamed as the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute - "The Peter Mac" - in his honour in 1986.

MacCallum was Chairman of the Australian Red Cross from 1951 to 1957 and was knighted by Elizabeth II in 1953.{{Cite It's an Honour |ausawardid=1082888 |date=1 January 1953 |recipient=Prof Peter MACCALLUM |award=Knight Bachelor (Imperial) |postnominal= |citation=Dean of Medicine at the University of Melbourne |postscript= |accessdate=27 December 2019 }} MacCallum's vision created a cancer centre where humanity, caring service and relentless research share equal value. He believed that nothing but the best was good enough in the treatment of cancer.{{cn|date=May 2025}}

Personal life

MacCallum was married and widowed three times. His first marriage in 1919 was to Bella Dytes McIntosh Cross (better known as Bella MacCallum) with whom he had three daughters.{{cite news|title=Social Notes|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/140731151|accessdate=31 March 2016|work=The Australasian|date=26 March 1927|page=54}} His second marriage in 1928 was to Ursula Lillie Grace (died 1941) and together they had a son. His third marriage was to Frieda Maud Davies (died 1953).

MacCallum died in Kew on 4 March 1974 at the age of 88.