Petitgrain
{{Short description|Essential oil from the bitter orange tree}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2022}}
Image:PetitgrainEssentialOil.png
Petitgrain ({{IPA|fr|pəti gʁɛ̃|pron}}) is an essential oil that is extracted from the leaves and green twigs of the bitter orange tree (Citrus aurantium ssp. amara) via steam distillation.{{Cite journal |last1=Taghadomi-Saberi |first1=Saeedeh |last2=Mas Garcia |first2=Sílvia |last3=Allah Masoumi |first3=Amin |last4=Sadeghi |first4=Morteza |last5=Marco |first5=Santiago |date=2018-06-13 |title=Classification of Bitter Orange Essential Oils According to Fruit Ripening Stage by Untargeted Chemical Profiling and Machine Learning |journal=Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |volume=18 |issue=6 |pages=1922 |doi=10.3390/s18061922 |issn=1424-8220 |pmc=6021931 |pmid=29899257|bibcode=2018Senso..18.1922T |doi-access=free }} It is also known as petitgrain bigarade.{{Cite web |title=Petitgrain Bigarade - Organic |url=https://www.edenbotanicals.com/petitgrain-bigarade-organic-3043.html |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=www.edenbotanicals.com |language=en}}
Etymology
Petitgrain (Fr.: “little grain”) gains its name from the fact that it used to be extracted from the unripe small green fruits of the plant.
Production
Its main regions of production are Paraguay and France, with the former's product being of higher odour tenacity. The oil has a greenish woody orange smell that is widely used in perfumery and found in colognes. Though distilled from the same botanical species as neroli and bitter orange essential oil, petitgrain bigarade oil possesses its own characteristically unique aroma. The oil is distilled from the leaves and sometimes the twigs and branches of the tree, whereas neroli is distilled from the blossoms and bitter orange oil is typically cold pressed from the rinds of the fruits. Petitgrain mandarin (Petit grain Mandarine) is distilled from leaves and branches of trees producing mandarin fruit.
Chemical composition
| class="wikitable" | ||||
| Oil | style="white-space: nowrap;"|Binominal name | Plant | style="white-space: nowrap;"|Distilled parts | Components |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="white-space: nowrap;"|Petitgrain bigarade | Citrus × aurantium subsp. amara | Bitter orange | leaves, (twigs, branches) | {{font|size=70%|Linalyl acetate(45%), Linalool(20%), β-Pinene(<10%), α-Terpineol(6%), Geranyl acetate(<5%), cis-β-Ocimene(<5%)}} |
| style="white-space: nowrap;"|Petitgrain mandarin | Citrus reticulata | Mandarin orange | leaves, (twigs, branches) | {{font|size=70%|Methyl anthranilate(50%), γ-Terpinene(15%), Limonene(5%), p-Cymene(3%)}} |
| style="white-space: nowrap;"|Petitgrain citronnier | Citrus limon | Lemon | leaves, (twigs, branches) | {{font|size=70%|Limonene, Citral, Geranyl acetate, β-caryophyllene}} |
Use
It is used in perfumery and aromatherapy as fresh-scented essential oils. As of 1923, it was part of the formula for Pepsi-Cola.{{cite web|url=https://digital.lib.ecu.edu/36323|title=Original Pepsi-Cola formula|date=April 17, 1923|access-date=November 1, 2023|publisher=East Carolina University Digital Collections|id=1136-s4-b5-fe-i15}}